Donate Help Contact The AHA Sign In Home
American Heart Association
Circulation
Search: search_blue_button Advanced Search
« Previous Article | Table of Contents | Next Article »
Circulation. 2000;101:850-855

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Raggi, P.
Right arrow Articles by Mahmarian, J. J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Raggi, P.
Right arrow Articles by Mahmarian, J. J.
Right arrowPubmed/NCBI databases
*Compound via MeSH
*Substance via MeSH
Hazardous Substances DB
*CALCIUM COMPOUNDS
*CALCIUM, ELEMENTAL
Medline Plus Health Information
*CT Scans
*Heart Attack
Related Collections
Right arrow Risk Factors
Right arrow Imaging
Right arrow Acute coronary syndromes
Right arrow CT and MRI
Right arrow Acute myocardial infarction

(Circulation. 2000;101:850.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.

Clinical Investigation and Reports

Identification of Patients at Increased Risk of First Unheralded Acute Myocardial Infarction by Electron-Beam Computed Tomography

Presented in part at the 48th Meeting of the American College of Cardiology, New Orleans, La, March 7–11, 1999. Tracy Q. Callister, Paolo Raggi, Nicholas J. Lippolis, Donald J. Russo. How should we use coronary artery calcium scores to predict events? J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33:414A. Abstract.

Paolo Raggi, MD; Tracy Q. Callister, MD; Bruce Cooil, PhD; Zuo-Xiang He, MD; Nicholas J. Lippolis, MD; Donald J. Russo, MD; Alan Zelinger, MD; John J. Mahmarian, MD

From EBT Research Foundation (T.Q.C., P.R., N.J.L., D.J.R.) and Vanderbilt University (B.C.), Nashville, Tenn; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex (Z.-X.H., J.J.M.); and Christ Hospital and Medical Center and Rush Medical College, Oak Lawn, Ill (A.Z.).

Correspondence to Paolo Raggi, MD, FACP, FACC, Director, EBT Research Foundation, 64 Valleybrook Dr, Hendersonville, TN 37075. E-mail praggi{at}attglobal.net

Background—There is a clear relationship between absolute calcium scores (CS) and severity of coronary artery disease. However, hard coronary events have been shown to occur across all ranges of CS.

Methods and Results—We conducted 2 analyses: in group A, 172 patients underwent electron-beam CT (EBCT) imaging within 60 days of suffering an unheralded myocardial infarction. In group B, 632 patients screened by EBCT were followed up for a mean of 32±7 months for the development of acute myocardial infarction or cardiac death. The mean patient age and prevalence of coronary calcification were similar in the 2 groups (53±8 versus 52±9 years and 96% each). In group B, the annualized event rate was 0.11% for subjects with CS of 0, 2.1% for CS 1 to 99, 4.1% for CS 100 to 400, and 4.8% for CS >400, and only 7% of the patients had CS >400. However, mild, moderate, and extensive absolute CSs were distributed similarly between patients with events in both groups (34%, 35%, and 27%, respectively, in group A and 44%, 30%, and 22% in group B). In contrast, the majority of events in both groups occurred in patients with CS >75th percentile (70% in each group).

Conclusions—Coronary calcium is present in most patients who suffer acute coronary events. Although the event rate is greater for patients with high absolute CSs, few patients have this degree of calcification on a screening EBCT. Conversely, the majority of events occur in individuals with high CS percentiles. Hence, CS percentiles constitute a more effective screening method to stratify individuals at risk.


Key Words: calcium • tomography • myocardial infarction • coronary disease




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Am. J. Roentgenol.Home page
N. Matsuura, J. Horiguchi, H. Yamamoto, N. Hirai, T. Tonda, N. Kohno, and K. Ito
Optimal Cardiac Phase for Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring on Single-Source 64-MDCT Scanner: Least Interscan Variability and Least Motion Artifacts
Am. J. Roentgenol., June 1, 2008; 190(6): 1561 - 1568.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Am Coll Cardiol IntvHome page
S. Voros
Can Computed Tomography Angiography of the Coronary Arteries Characterize Atherosclerotic Plaque Composition?: Is the CAT (Scan) Out of the Bag?
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Intv., April 1, 2008; 1(2): 183 - 185.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
D. Sorajja, A. S. Gami, V. K. Somers, T. R. Behrenbeck, A. Garcia-Touchard, and F. Lopez-Jimenez
Independent Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease
Chest, April 1, 2008; 133(4): 927 - 933.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 HeartHome page
K Nasu, E Tsuchikane, O Katoh, H Fujita, J-F Surmely, M Ehara, Y Kinoshita, N Tanaka, T Matsubara, Y Asakura, et al.
Plaque characterisation by Virtual Histology intravascular ultrasound analysis in patients with type 2 diabetes
Heart, April 1, 2008; 94(4): 429 - 433.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
P. Greenland and R. O. Bonow
How Low-Risk Is a Coronary Calcium Score of Zero?: The Importance of Conditional Probability
Circulation, April 1, 2008; 117(13): 1627 - 1629.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
M. P. Schenker, S. Dorbala, E. C. T. Hong, F. J. Rybicki, R. Hachamovitch, R. Y. Kwong, and M. F. Di Carli
Interrelation of Coronary Calcification, Myocardial Ischemia, and Outcomes in Patients With Intermediate Likelihood of Coronary Artery Disease: A Combined Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Study
Circulation, April 1, 2008; 117(13): 1693 - 1700.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
I. Gottlieb and J. A.C. Lima
Screening High-Risk Patients With Computed Tomography Angiography
Circulation, March 11, 2008; 117(10): 1318 - 1332.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 HeartHome page
A J H A Scholte, J D Schuijf, A V Kharagjitsingh, J W Jukema, G Pundziute, E E van der Wall, and J J Bax
Prevalence of coronary artery disease and plaque morphology assessed by multi-slice computed tomography coronary angiography and calcium scoring in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes
Heart, March 1, 2008; 94(3): 290 - 295.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
Y. Fukumoto, T. Hiro, T. Fujii, G. Hashimoto, T. Fujimura, J. Yamada, T. Okamura, and M. Matsuzaki
Localized elevation of shear stress is related to coronary plaque rupture: a 3-dimensional intravascular ultrasound study with in-vivo color mapping of shear stress distribution.
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 12, 2008; 51(6): 645 - 650.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Heart JHome page
S. Schroeder, S. Achenbach, F. Bengel, C. Burgstahler, F. Cademartiri, P. de Feyter, R. George, P. Kaufmann, A. F. Kopp, J. Knuuti, et al.
Cardiac computed tomography: indications, applications, limitations, and training requirements: Report of a Writing Group deployed by the Working Group Nuclear Cardiology and Cardiac CT of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Council of Nuclear Cardiology
Eur. Heart J., February 2, 2008; 29(4): 531 - 556.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Evid Based Complement Alternat MedHome page
M. C. Houston, B. Cooil, B. J. Olafsson, and P. Raggi
Juice Powder Concentrate and Systemic Blood Pressure, Progression of Coronary Artery Calcium and Antioxidant Status in Hypertensive Subjects: A Pilot Study
Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med., December 1, 2007; 4(4): 455 - 462.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Roentgenol.Home page
O. Leontiev and T. J. Dubinsky
CT-Based Calcium Scoring to Screen for Coronary Artery Disease: Why Aren't We There Yet?
Am. J. Roentgenol., November 1, 2007; 189(5): 1061 - 1063.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 FASEB J.Home page
M. Eijken, S. Swagemakers, M. Koedam, C. Steenbergen, P. Derkx, A. G. Uitterlinden, P. J. van der Spek, J. A. Visser, F. H. de Jong, H. A. P. Pols, et al.
The activin A-follistatin system: potent regulator of human extracellular matrix mineralization
FASEB J, September 1, 2007; 21(11): 2949 - 2960.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
C. M. Loria, K. Liu, C. E. Lewis, S. B. Hulley, S. Sidney, P. J. Schreiner, O. D. Williams, D. E. Bild, and R. Detrano
Early Adult Risk Factor Levels and Subsequent Coronary Artery Calcification: The CARDIA Study
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 22, 2007; 49(20): 2013 - 2020.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
A. D. Guerci
The Prognostic Accuracy of Coronary Calcification
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 8, 2007; 49(18): 1871 - 1873.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
M. J. Budoff, L. J. Shaw, S. T. Liu, S. R. Weinstein, T. P. Mosler, P. H. Tseng, F. R. Flores, T. Q. Callister, P. Raggi, and D. S. Berman
Long-Term Prognosis Associated With Coronary Calcification: Observations From a Registry of 25,253 Patients
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 8, 2007; 49(18): 1860 - 1870.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
C. H. McCollough, S. Ulzheimer, S. S. Halliburton, K. Shanneik, R. D. White, and W. A. Kalender
Coronary Artery Calcium: A Multi-institutional, Multimanufacturer International Standard for Quantification at Cardiac CT
Radiology, May 1, 2007; 243(2): 527 - 538.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
I. Z. Jaffe, Y. Tintut, B. G. Newfell, L. L. Demer, and M. E. Mendelsohn
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Activation Promotes Vascular Cell Calcification
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., April 1, 2007; 27(4): 799 - 805.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Roentgenol.Home page
T. Schlosser, P. Hunold, T. Voigtlander, A. Schmermund, and J. Barkhausen
Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring: Influence of Reconstruction Interval and Reconstruction Increment Using 64-MDCT
Am. J. Roentgenol., April 1, 2007; 188(4): 1063 - 1068.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
A. Rozanski, H. Gransar, N. D. Wong, L. J. Shaw, R. Miranda-Peats, D. Polk, S. W. Hayes, J. D. Friedman, and D. S. Berman
Clinical Outcomes After Both Coronary Calcium Scanning and Exercise Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 27, 2007; 49(12): 1352 - 1361.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
W. Post, L. F. Bielak, K. A. Ryan, Y.-C. Cheng, H. Shen, J. A. Rumberger, P. F. Sheedy II, A. R. Shuldiner, P. A. Peyser, and B. D. Mitchell
Determinants of Coronary Artery and Aortic Calcification in the Old Order Amish
Circulation, February 13, 2007; 115(6): 717 - 724.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
S. J. Nicholls, E. M. Tuzcu, K. Wolski, I. Sipahi, P. Schoenhagen, T. Crowe, S. R. Kapadia, S. L. Hazen, and S. E. Nissen
Coronary Artery Calcification and Changes in Atheroma Burden in Response to Established Medical Therapies
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 8, 2006; (2006) j.jacc.2006.10.038v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
M. J. Budoff, S. Achenbach, R. S. Blumenthal, J. J. Carr, J. G. Goldin, P. Greenland, A. D. Guerci, J. A.C. Lima, D. J. Rader, G. D. Rubin, et al.
Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease by Cardiac Computed Tomography: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Committee on Cardiovascular Imaging and Intervention, Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, and Committee on Cardiac Imaging, Council on Clinical Cardiology
Circulation, October 17, 2006; 114(16): 1761 - 1791.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
J. Hausleiter, T. Meyer, M. Hadamitzky, A. Kastrati, S. Martinoff, and A. Schomig
Prevalence of Noncalcified Coronary Plaques by 64-Slice Computed Tomography in Patients With an Intermediate Risk for Significant Coronary Artery Disease
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 18, 2006; 48(2): 312 - 318.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JNMHome page
D. S. Berman, R. Hachamovitch, L. J. Shaw, J. D. Friedman, S. W. Hayes, L. E.J. Thomson, D. S. Fieno, G. Germano, N. D. Wong, X. Kang, et al.
Roles of Nuclear Cardiology, Cardiac Computed Tomography, and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance: Noninvasive Risk Stratification and a Conceptual Framework for the Selection of Noninvasive Imaging Tests in Patients with Known or Suspected Coronary Artery Disease
J. Nucl. Med., July 1, 2006; 47(7): 1107 - 1118.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Roentgenol.Home page
D. Dey, T. Callister, P. Slomka, F. Aboul-Enein, H. Nishina, X. Kang, H. Gransar, N. D. Wong, R. Miranda-Peats, S. Hayes, et al.
Computer-Aided Detection and Evaluation of Lipid-Rich Plaque on Noncontrast Cardiac CT
Am. J. Roentgenol., June 1, 2006; 186(6_Supplement_2): S407 - S413.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
M. E. Clouse, J. Chen, H. M. Krumholz, M. E. Clouse, J. Chen, and H. M. Krumholz
Noninvasive Screening for Coronary Artery Disease With Computed Tomography Is Useful
Circulation, January 3, 2006; 113(1): 125 - 146.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
R. L. McClelland, H. Chung, R. Detrano, W. Post, and R. A. Kronmal
Distribution of Coronary Artery Calcium by Race, Gender, and Age: Results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Circulation, January 3, 2006; 113(1): 30 - 37.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JNMHome page
D. S. Berman, R. Hachamovitch, L. J. Shaw, J. D. Friedman, S. W. Hayes, L. E.J. Thomson, D. S. Fieno, G. Germano, P. Slomka, N. D. Wong, et al.
Roles of Nuclear Cardiology, Cardiac Computed Tomography, and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance: Assessment of Patients with Suspected Coronary Artery Disease
J. Nucl. Med., January 1, 2006; 47(1): 74 - 82.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
K. Nasir, E. D. Michos, R. S. Blumenthal, and P. Raggi
Detection of High-Risk Young Adults and Women by Coronary Calcium and National Cholesterol Education Program Panel III Guidelines
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 15, 2005; 46(10): 1931 - 1936.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Intern MedHome page
P. Raggi, A. Taylor, Z. Fayad, D. O'Leary, S. Nissen, D. Rader, and L. J. Shaw
Atherosclerotic Plaque Imaging: Contemporary Role in Preventive Cardiology
Arch Intern Med, November 14, 2005; 165(20): 2345 - 2353.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
P. Raggi, A. Bellasi, and C. Ratti
Ischemia Imaging and Plaque Imaging in Diabetes: Complementary tools to improve cardiovascular risk management
Diabetes Care, November 1, 2005; 28(11): 2787 - 2794.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
K. Imoto, T. Hiro, T. Fujii, A. Murashige, Y. Fukumoto, G. Hashimoto, T. Okamura, J. Yamada, K. Mori, and M. Matsuzaki
Longitudinal Structural Determinants of Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability: A Computational Analysis of Stress Distribution Using Vessel Models and Three-Dimensional Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 18, 2005; 46(8): 1507 - 1515.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
A. J. Taylor, J. Bindeman, I. Feuerstein, F. Cao, M. Brazaitis, and P. G. O'Malley
Coronary Calcium Independently Predicts Incident Premature Coronary Heart Disease Over Measured Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Mean Three-Year Outcomes in the Prospective Army Coronary Calcium (PACC) Project
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 6, 2005; 46(5): 807 - 814.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
M. J. LaMonte, S. J. FitzGerald, T. S. Church, C. E. Barlow, N. B. Radford, B. D. Levine, J. J. Pippin, L. W. Gibbons, S. N. Blair, and M. Z. Nichaman
Coronary Artery Calcium Score and Coronary Heart Disease Events in a Large Cohort of Asymptomatic Men and Women
Am. J. Epidemiol., September 1, 2005; 162(5): 421 - 429.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
L. J. Schurgers, K. J.F. Teunissen, M. H.J. Knapen, M. Kwaijtaal, R. van Diest, A. Appels, C. P. Reutelingsperger, J. P.M. Cleutjens, and C. Vermeer
Novel Conformation-Specific Antibodies Against Matrix {gamma}-Carboxyglutamic Acid (Gla) Protein: Undercarboxylated Matrix Gla Protein as Marker for Vascular Calcification
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., August 1, 2005; 25(8): 1629 - 1633.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
P. Raggi, M. Davidson, T. Q. Callister, F. K. Welty, G. A. Bachmann, H. Hecht, and J. A. Rumberger
Aggressive Versus Moderate Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Hypercholesterolemic Postmenopausal Women: Beyond Endorsed Lipid Lowering With EBT Scanning (BELLES)
Circulation, July 26, 2005; 112(4): 563 - 571.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
R. Vliegenthart, M. Oudkerk, A. Hofman, H.-H. S. Oei, W. van Dijck, F. J.A. van Rooij, and J. C.M. Witteman
Coronary Calcification Improves Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in the Elderly
Circulation, July 26, 2005; 112(4): 572 - 577.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
Y. Arad, K. J. Goodman, M. Roth, D. Newstein, and A. D. Guerci
Coronary Calcification, Coronary Disease Risk Factors, C-Reactive Protein, and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Events: The St. Francis Heart Study
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 5, 2005; 46(1): 158 - 165.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
Y. Arad, L. A. Spadaro, M. Roth, D. Newstein, and A. D. Guerci
Treatment of Asymptomatic Adults With Elevated Coronary Calcium Scores With Atorvastatin, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E: The St. Francis Heart Study Randomized Clinical Trial
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 5, 2005; 46(1): 166 - 172.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 HypertensionHome page
P. Raggi, B. Cooil, C. Ratti, T. Q. Callister, and M. Budoff
Progression of Coronary Artery Calcium and Occurrence of Myocardial Infarction in Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus
Hypertension, July 1, 2005; 46(1): 238 - 243.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
F. Moselewski, C. J. O'Donnell, S. Achenbach, M. Ferencik, J. Massaro, A. Nguyen, R. C. Cury, S. Abbara, I.-K. Jang, T. J. Brady, et al.
Calcium Concentration of Individual Coronary Calcified Plaques as Measured by Multidetector Row Computed Tomography
Circulation, June 21, 2005; 111(24): 3236 - 3241.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
N. D. Wong, A. Rozanski, H. Gransar, R. Miranda-Peats, X. Kang, S. Hayes, L. Shaw, J. Friedman, D. Polk, and D. S. Berman
Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes Are Associated With an Increased Likelihood of Inducible Myocardial Ischemia Among Patients With Subclinical Atherosclerosis
Diabetes Care, June 1, 2005; 28(6): 1445 - 1450.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Psychosom. Med.Home page
W. J. Kop, D. S. Berman, H. Gransar, N. D. Wong, R. Miranda-Peats, M. D. White, M. Shin, M. Bruce, D. S. Krantz, and A. Rozanski
Social Network and Coronary Artery Calcification in Asymptomatic Individuals
Psychosom Med, May 1, 2005; 67(3): 343 - 352.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
J. H. Mieres, L. J. Shaw, A. Arai, M. J. Budoff, S. D. Flamm, W. G. Hundley, T. H. Marwick, L. Mosca, A. R. Patel, M. A. Quinones, et al.
Role of Noninvasive Testing in the Clinical Evaluation of Women With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease: Consensus Statement From the Cardiac Imaging Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, and the Cardiovascular Imaging and Intervention Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, American Heart Association
Circulation, February 8, 2005; 111(5): 682 - 696.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Roentgenol.Home page
S. S. Halliburton, A. E. Stillman, M. Lieber, J. M. Kasper, S. A. Kuzmiak, and R. D. White
Potential Clinical Impact of Variability in the Measurement of Coronary Artery Calcification with Sequential MDCT
Am. J. Roentgenol., February 1, 2005; 184(2): 643 - 648.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BMJHome page
S. K Prasad, R. G Assomull, and D. J Pennell
Recent developments in non-invasive cardiology
BMJ, December 11, 2004; 329(7479): 1386 - 1389.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
S. Ehara, Y. Kobayashi, M. Yoshiyama, K. Shimada, Y. Shimada, D. Fukuda, Y. Nakamura, H. Yamashita, H. Yamagishi, K. Takeuchi, et al.
Spotty Calcification Typifies the Culprit Plaque in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: An Intravascular Ultrasound Study
Circulation, November 30, 2004; 110(22): 3424 - 3429.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Intern MedHome page
R. Vliegenthart, H.-H. S. Oei, A. P. M. van den Elzen, F. J. A. van Rooij, A. Hofman, M. Oudkerk, and J. C. M. Witteman
Alcohol Consumption and Coronary Calcification in a General Population
Arch Intern Med, November 22, 2004; 164(21): 2355 - 2360.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
K. Nasir, E. D. Michos, J. A. Rumberger, J. B. Braunstein, W. S. Post, M. J. Budoff, and R. S. Blumenthal
Coronary Artery Calcification and Family History of Premature Coronary Heart Disease: Sibling History Is More Strongly Associated Than Parental History
Circulation, October 12, 2004; 110(15): 2150 - 2156.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Nephrol Dial TransplantHome page
M. E. Lockhart, M. L. Robbin, M. M. McNamara, and M. Allon
Association of pelvic arterial calcification with arteriovenous thigh graft failure in haemodialysis patients
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., October 1, 2004; 19(10): 2564 - 2569.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 RadiologyHome page
C. Hong, T. K. Pilgram, F. Zhu, and K. T. Bae
Coronary Artery Calcification: Effect of Size of Field of View on Multi-Detector Row CT Measurements
Radiology, October 1, 2004; 233(1): 281 - 285.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Nephrol Dial TransplantHome page
A. A. Haydar, N. M. A. Hujairi, A. A. Covic, D. Pereira, M. Rubens, and D. J. A. Goldsmith
Coronary artery calcification is related to coronary atherosclerosis in chronic renal disease patients: a study comparing