(Circulation. 2000;102:1351.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports |
Regular Aerobic Exercise Prevents and Restores Age-Related Declines in Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Healthy Men
From the Human Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Center for Physical Activity, Disease Prevention, and Aging, Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder (C.A.D., L.F.S., C.M.C., F.A.D., K.D.M., H.T., D.R.S.); and the Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center, Denver (D.R.S.).
Correspondence to Christopher DeSouza, PhD, Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Colorado, Campus Box 354, Boulder, CO 80309. E-mail desouzac{at}stripe.colorado.edu
Background—In sedentary humans endothelium-dependent vasodilation is impaired with advancing age contributing to their increased cardiovascular risk, whereas endurance-trained adults demonstrate lower age-related risk. We determined the influence of regular aerobic exercise on the age-related decline in endothelium-dependent vasodilation.
Methods and Results—In a cross-sectional study, 68 healthy men 22
to 35 or 50 to 76 years of age who were either sedentary or endurance
exercise–trained were studied. Forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to
intra-arterial infusions of acetylcholine and sodium
nitroprusside were measured by strain-gauge plethysmography. Among the
sedentary men, the maximum FBF response to acetylcholine was 25% lower
in the middle aged and older compared with the young group
(P<0.01). In contrast, there was no age-related
difference in the vasodilatory response to acetylcholine among the
endurance-trained men. FBF at the highest acetylcholine dose was almost
identical in the middle aged and older (17.3±1.3 mL/100 mL tissue per
minute) and young (17.7±1.4 mL/100 mL tissue per minute)
endurance-trained groups. There were no differences in the FBF
responses to sodium nitroprusside among the sedentary and endurance-
trained groups. In an exercise intervention study, 13 previously
sedentary middle aged and older healthy men completed a 3-month,
home-based aerobic exercise intervention (primarily walking). After the
exercise intervention, acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation increased
30% (P<0.01) to levels similar to those in young
adults and middle aged and older endurance-trained men.
Conclusions—Our results indicate that regular aerobic exercise can prevent the age-associated loss in endothelium-dependent vasodilation and restore levels in previously sedentary middle aged and older healthy men. This may represent an important mechanism by which regular aerobic exercise lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease in this population.
Key Words: exercise • endothelium • vasodilation • nitric oxide • blood flow
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L. Lawrenson, J. G. Poole, J. Kim, C. Brown, P. Patel, and R. S. Richardson Vascular and metabolic response to isolated small muscle mass exercise: effect of age Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 7, 2003; 285(3): H1023 - H1031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. H. Walsh, W. Bilsborough, A. Maiorana, M. Best, G. J. O'Driscoll, R. R. Taylor, and D. J. Green Exercise training improves conduit vessel function in patients with coronary artery disease J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2003; 95(1): 20 - 25. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. N. Proctor, S. C. Newcomer, D. W. Koch, K. U. Le, D. A. MacLean, and U. A. Leuenberger Leg blood flow during submaximal cycle ergometry is not reduced in healthy older normally active men J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2003; 94(5): 1859 - 1869. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. G. Poole, L. Lawrenson, J. Kim, C. Brown, and R. S. Richardson Vascular and metabolic response to cycle exercise in sedentary humans: effect of age Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2003; 284(4): H1251 - H1259. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. L Moreau, A. J Donato, D. R Seals, C. A DeSouza, and H. Tanaka Regular exercise, hormone replacement therapy and the age-related decline in carotid arterial compliance in healthy women Cardiovasc Res, March 1, 2003; 57(3): 861 - 868. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. H. Capell, C. A. DeSouza, P. Poirier, M. L. Bell, B. L. Stauffer, K. M. Weil, T. L. Hernandez, and R. H. Eckel Short-Term Triglyceride Lowering With Fenofibrate Improves Vasodilator Function in Subjects With Hypertriglyceridemia Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2003; 23(2): 307 - 313. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. L. Hoetzer, B. L. Stauffer, J. J. Greiner, Y. Casas, D. T. Smith, and C. A. DeSouza Influence of oral contraceptive use on endothelial t-PA release in healthy premenopausal women Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2003; 284(1): E90 - E95. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. T Smith, G. L Hoetzer, J. J Greiner, B. L Stauffer, and C. A DeSouza Effects of ageing and regular aerobic exercise on endothelial fibrinolytic capacity in humans J. Physiol., January 1, 2003; 546(1): 289 - 298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. T. E. Hopman, J. T. Groothuis, M. Flendrie, K. H. L. Gerrits, and S. Houtman Increased vascular resistance in paralyzed legs after spinal cord injury is reversible by training J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2002; 93(6): 1966 - 1972. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. M. Muller-Delp, S. A. Spier, M. W. Ramsey, and M. D. Delp Aging impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilation in rat skeletal muscle arterioles Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2002; 283(4): H1662 - H1672. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. A DeSouza, C. M Clevenger, J. J Greiner, D. T Smith, G. L Hoetzer, L. F Shapiro, and B. L Stauffer Evidence for agonist-specific endothelial vasodilator dysfunction with ageing in healthy humans J. Physiol., July 1, 2002; 542(1): 255 - 262. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. J. Rodriguez, R. L. Sacco, R. R. Sciacca, B. Boden-Albala, S. Homma, and M. R. Di Tullio Physical activity attenuates the effect of increased left ventricular mass on the risk of ischemic stroke: The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 1, 2002; 39(9): 1482 - 1488. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. P. Jones, L. F Shapiro, G. A Keisling, R. A Quaife, and D. R Seals Is autonomic support of arterial blood pressure related to habitual exercise status in healthy men? J. Physiol., April 15, 2002; 540(2): 701 - 706. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. N. Chan, H. M. Colhoun, and P. Vallance Cardiovascular risk factors as determinants of endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vascular reactivity in the general population J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 2001; 38(7): 1814 - 1820. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. T. Kuvin, A. R. Patel, K. A. Sliney, N. G. Pandian, W. M. Rand, J. E. Udelson, and R. H. Karas Peripheral vascular endothelial function testing as a noninvasive indicator of coronary artery disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 2001; 38(7): 1843 - 1849. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Imamura, S. Biro, T. Kihara, S. Yoshifuku, K. Takasaki, Y. Otsuji, S. Minagoe, Y. Toyama, and C. Tei Repeated thermal therapy improves impaired vascular endothelial function in patients with coronary risk factors J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 1, 2001; 38(4): 1083 - 1088. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. K. McGuire, B. D. Levine, J. W. Williamson, P. G. Snell, C. G. Blomqvist, B. Saltin, and J. H. Mitchell A 30-Year Follow-Up of the Dallas Bed Rest and Training Study: II. Effect of Age on Cardiovascular Adaptation to Exercise Training Circulation, September 18, 2001; 104(12): 1358 - 1366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 Regular Aerobic Exercise Reverses Age-Related Vascular Changes Journal Watch (General), September 26, 2000; 2000(926): 8 - 8. [Full Text]
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P. P. Jones, L. F Shapiro, G. A Keisling, R. A Quaife, and D. R Seals Is autonomic support of arterial blood pressure related to habitual exercise status in healthy men? J. Physiol., April 15, 2002; 540(2): 701 - 706. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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