(Circulation. 2000;102:2028.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Brief Rapid Communications |
Altered Myocardial Microvascular 3D Architecture in Experimental Hypercholesterolemia
From the Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Diseases (M.R.-P., A.L., E.L.R., S.H.W., P.J.M.B.) and Hypertension (L.O.L.), and the Department of Physiology and Biophysics (E.L.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.
Correspondence to Lilach O. Lerman, MD, PhD, Division of Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905. E-mail lerman.lilach{at}mayo.edu
Background—Experimental hypercholesterolemia (HC) impairs intramyocardial microvascular function. However, whether this is associated with alterations in microvascular architecture remained unknown. Using a novel 3D micro-CT scanner, we tested the hypothesis that HC is associated with an alteration in the microvascular architecture.
Methods and Results—Pigs were euthanized after 12 weeks of either normal (n=6) or 2% HC (n=6) diet. The hearts were excised and the coronary arteries injected with a radiopaque contrast material. Myocardial samples were scanned with micro-CT, and 3D images were reconstructed with 21-µm cubic voxels. The myocardium was tomographically subdivided into subepicardium and subendocardium, and microvessels (<500 µm in diameter) were counted in situ within each region. In the subendocardium of HC pigs, the intramyocardial density of microvessels was significantly higher than in normal animals (1221.4±199.7 versus 758.3±90.8 vessels/cm3, P<0.05) because of an increase in the number of microvessels <200 µm in diameter (1214.4±199.7 versus 746.6±101.5 vessels/cm3, P<0.05). The subepicardial vascular density was similar in both groups.
Conclusions—HC has differential effects on the spatial density of the subendocardial microvasculature that may play a role in regulation and/or spatial distribution of myocardial blood flow. This study also demonstrates the feasibility of studying myocardial microvascular architecture with micro-CT in pathophysiological states.
Key Words: hypercholesterolemia • tomography • microcirculation
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  J. Lin, X. Zhu, A. R. Chade, K. L. Jordan, R. Lavi, E. Daghini, M. E. Gibson, A. Guglielmotti, A. Lerman, and L. O. Lerman Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins Mediate Myocardial Microvascular Dysfunction in Swine Renovascular Hypertension Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 2009; 29(11): 1810 - 1816. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X.-Y. Zhu, E. Daghini, A. R. Chade, D. Versari, J. D. Krier, K. B. Textor, A. Lerman, and L. O. Lerman Myocardial microvascular function during acute coronary artery stenosis: effect of hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia Cardiovasc Res, July 15, 2009; 83(2): 371 - 380. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Daghini, X.-Y. Zhu, D. Versari, M. D. Bentley, C. Napoli, A. Lerman, and L. O. Lerman Antioxidant vitamins induce angiogenesis in the normal pig kidney Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, July 1, 2007; 293(1): F371 - F381. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Mannheim, D. Versari, E. Daghini, M. Gossl, O. Galili, A. Chade, V. S. Rajkumar, E. L. Ritman, L. O. Lerman, and A. Lerman Impaired myocardial perfusion reserve in experimental hypercholesterolemia is independent of myocardial neovascularization Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2007; 292(5): H2449 - H2458. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. D. Litzlbauer, C. Neuhaeuser, A. Moell, S. Greschus, A. Breithecker, F. E. Franke, W. Kummer, and W. S. Rau Three-dimensional imaging and morphometric analysis of alveolar tissue from microfocal X-ray-computed tomography Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, September 1, 2006; 291(3): L535 - L545. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Ananda, V. Marsden, K. Vekemans, E. Korkmaz, N. Tsafnat, L. Soon, A. Jones, and F. Braet The visualization of hepatic vasculature by X-ray micro-computed tomography J. Electron Microsc. (Tokyo), June 1, 2006; 55(3): 151 - 155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Rodriguez-Porcel, X.-Y. Zhu, A. R. Chade, B. Amores-Arriaga, N. M. Caplice, E. L. Ritman, A. Lerman, and L. O. Lerman Functional and structural remodeling of the myocardial microvasculature in early experimental hypertension Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2006; 290(3): H978 - H984. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. Langheinrich, A. Michniewicz, D. G. Sedding, G. Walker, P. E. Beighley, W. S. Rau, R. M. Bohle, and E. L. Ritman Correlation of Vasa Vasorum Neovascularization and Plaque Progression in Aortas of Apolipoprotein E-/-/Low-Density Lipoprotein-/- Double Knockout Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2006; 26(2): 347 - 352. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X.-Y. Zhu, A. R. Chade, M. Rodriguez-Porcel, M. D. Bentley, E. L. Ritman, A. Lerman, and L. O. Lerman Cortical Microvascular Remodeling in the Stenotic Kidney: Role of Increased Oxidative Stress Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 2004; 24(10): 1854 - 1859. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. C. Langheinrich, B. Leithauser, S. Greschus, S. von Gerlach, A. Breithecker, F. R. Matthias, W. S. Rau, and R. M. Bohle Acute Rat Lung Injury: Feasibility of Assessment with Micro-CT Radiology, October 1, 2004; 233(1): 165 - 171. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. R. Chade, M. D. Bentley, X. Zhu, M. Rodriguez-Porcel, S. Niemeyer, B. Amores-Arriaga, C. Napoli, E. L. Ritman, A. Lerman, and L. O. Lerman Antioxidant Intervention Prevents Renal Neovascularization in Hypercholesterolemic Pigs J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., July 1, 2004; 15(7): 1816 - 1825. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. L. Duvall, W. Robert Taylor, D. Weiss, and R. E. Guldberg Quantitative microcomputed tomography analysis of collateral vessel development after ischemic injury Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2004; 287(1): H302 - H310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. Langheinrich, R. M. Bohle, S. Greschus, N. Hackstein, G. Walker, S. von Gerlach, W. S. Rau, and H. Holschermann Atherosclerotic Lesions at Micro CT: Feasibility for Analysis of Coronary Artery Wall in Autopsy Specimens Radiology, June 1, 2004; 231(3): 675 - 681. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X.-Y. Zhu, M. Rodriguez-Porcel, M. D. Bentley, A. R. Chade, V. Sica, C. Napoli, N. Caplice, E. L. Ritman, A. Lerman, and L. O. Lerman Antioxidant Intervention Attenuates Myocardial Neovascularization in Hypercholesterolemia Circulation, May 4, 2004; 109(17): 2109 - 2115. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Theilmeier, P. Verhamme, S. Dymarkowski, H. Beck, H. Bernar, M. Lox, S. Janssens, M.-C. Herregods, E. Verbeken, D. Collen, et al. Hypercholesterolemia in Minipigs Impairs Left Ventricular Response to Stress: Association With Decreased Coronary Flow Reserve and Reduced Capillary Density Circulation, August 27, 2002; 106(9): 1140 - 1146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. D. Bentley, M. C. Ortiz, E. L. Ritman, and J. C. Romero The use of microcomputed tomography to study microvasculature in small rodents Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, May 1, 2002; 282(5): R1267 - R1279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Herrmann, L. O Lerman, M. Rodriguez-Porcel, D. R Holmes Jr., D. M Richardson, E. L Ritman, and A. Lerman Coronary vasa vasorum neovascularization precedes epicardial endothelial dysfunction in experimental hypercholesterolemia Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2001; 51(4): 762 - 766. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|