(Circulation. 2000;102:994.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports |
Acute Systemic Inflammation Impairs Endothelium-Dependent Dilatation in Humans
From the Centre for Clinical Pharmacology (A.D.H., J.C., R.K.K., K.B., R.J.M., P.V.) and Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research (M.P.), University College London; Cardiothoracic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust (M.J.M., M.T., A.E.D., J.E.D.); and Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, St George’s Hospital (G.E.G.), London, UK.
Correspondence to Dr A.D. Hingorani, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, UCL, Rayne Institute, 5 University St, London WC1E 6JJ, UK. E-mail a.hingorani{at}ucl.ac.uk
Background—We tested the hypothesis that endothelial dysfunction underlies the association between an acute inflammatory episode and the transiently increased risk of a cardiovascular event by examining the effects of an experimental inflammatory stimulus on endothelium-dependent vasodilation.
Methods and Results—Salmonella typhi vaccine was used to generate a systemic inflammatory response in healthy volunteers. In 12 subjects, dilatation of the brachial artery to flow and to sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG) was recorded (conduit vessel response), and in 6 subjects, venous occlusion plethysmography was used to measure forearm blood flow during intrabrachial infusion of the endothelium-dependent dilators acetylcholine (ACh) and bradykinin (BK) and the endothelium-independent dilators NTG and verapamil (resistance vessel response). Responses were assessed 16 hours before and 8 and 32 hours after vaccination. Vaccination resulted in elevations in white cell count and serum levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Eight hours after vaccination, resistance vessel responses to BK (P=0.0099) and ACh (P=0.0414) were markedly attenuated, and brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation was depressed. Resistance vessel responses to verapamil and NTG were unchanged, as was the conduit vessel response to NTG. Thirty-two hours after vaccination, resistance vessel responses to BK and ACh had returned to normal.
Conclusions—S typhi vaccine generates a mild inflammatory reaction associated with temporary but profound dysfunction of the arterial endothelium in both resistance and conduit vessels to both physical and pharmacological dilator stimuli. This finding might explain the association between infection and inflammation and the enhanced risk of an acute cardiovascular event.
Key Words: : endothelium • nitric oxide • coronary disease
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T Lenderink, E Boersma, C Heeschen, A Vahanian, M.-J de Boer, V Umans, M.J.B.M van den Brand, C.W Hamm, M.L Simoons, and for the CAPTURE investigators Elevated troponin T and C-reactive protein predict impaired outcome for 4 years in patients with refractory unstable angina, and troponin T predicts benefit of treatment with abciximab in combination with PTCA Eur. Heart J., January 1, 2003; 24(1): 77 - 85. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Sternik, S. Samee, H. V. Schaff, K. J. Zehr, L. O. Lerman, D. R. Holmes, J. Herrmann, and A. Lerman C-Reactive Protein Relaxes Human Vessels In Vitro Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 2002; 22(11): 1865 - 1868. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Bergholm, M. Leirisalo-Repo, S. Vehkavaara, S. Makimattila, M.-R. Taskinen, and H. Yki-Jarvinen Impaired Responsiveness to NO in Newly Diagnosed Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 2002; 22(10): 1637 - 1641. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Pleiner, F. Mittermayer, G. Schaller, R. J. MacAllister, and M. Wolzt High Doses of Vitamin C Reverse Escherichia coli Endotoxin-Induced Hyporeactivity to Acetylcholine in the Human Forearm Circulation, September 17, 2002; 106(12): 1460 - 1464. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. K. Koh, J. Y. Ahn, D. K. Jin, B.-K. Yoon, H. S. Kim, D. S. Kim, M.-S. Shin, J. W. Son, I. S. Choi, and E. K. Shin Effects of Continuous Combined Hormone Replacement Therapy on Inflammation in Hypertensive and/or Overweight Postmenopausal Women Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 2002; 22(9): 1459 - 1464. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. K. Koh Effects of estrogen on the vascular wall: vasomotor function and inflammation Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2002; 55(4): 714 - 726. [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. B. Vallbracht, P. L. Schwimmbeck, B. Seeberg, U. Kuhl, and H.-P. Schultheiss Endothelial dysfunction of peripheral arteries in patients with immunohistologically confirmed myocardial inflammation correlates with endothelial expression of human leukocyte antigens and adhesion molecules in myocardial biopsies J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 7, 2002; 40(3): 515 - 520. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. A. Vita and J. Loscalzo Shouldering the Risk Factor Burden: Infection, Atherosclerosis, and the Vascular Endothelium Circulation, July 9, 2002; 106(2): 164 - 166. [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. K. Kharbanda, B. Walton, M. Allen, N. Klein, A. D. Hingorani, R. J. MacAllister, and P. Vallance Prevention of Inflammation-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction: A Novel Vasculo-Protective Action of Aspirin Circulation, June 4, 2002; 105(22): 2600 - 2604. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A.D. Pradhan and P.M. Ridker Do atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes share a common inflammatory basis? Eur. Heart J., June 1, 2002; 23(11): 831 - 834. [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. Parchure, E. G. Zouridakis, and J. C. Kaski Effect of Azithromycin Treatment on Endothelial Function in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Evidence of Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection Circulation, March 19, 2002; 105(11): 1298 - 1303. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Pleiner, E. Heere-Ress, H. Langenberger, A. E. Sieder, M. Bayerle-Eder, F. Mittermayer, G. Fuchsjager-Mayrl, J. Bohm, B. Jansen, and M. Wolzt Adrenoceptor Hyporeactivity Is Responsible for Escherichia coli Endotoxin-Induced Acute Vascular Dysfunction in Humans Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2002; 22(1): 95 - 100. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Heitzer, T. Schlinzig, K. Krohn, T. Meinertz, and T. Munzel Endothelial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Circulation, November 27, 2001; 104(22): 2673 - 2678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. J. Blake and P. M. Ridker Novel Clinical Markers of Vascular Wall Inflammation Circ. Res., October 26, 2001; 89(9): 763 - 771. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Stenvinkel Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation--is there a link? Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., October 1, 2001; 16(10): 1968 - 1971. [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Tomai, F. Crea, A. Gaspardone, F. Versaci, A. S. Ghini, L. Chiariello, and P. A. Gioffre Unstable Angina and Elevated C-Reactive Protein Levels Predict Enhanced Vasoreactivity of the Culprit Lesion Circulation, September 25, 2001; 104(13): 1471 - 1476. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Y. M. WANG, J. WOO, M. WANG, M. M. M. SEA, R. IP, P. K. T. LI, S. F. LUI, and J. E. SANDERSON Association of Inflammation and Malnutrition with Cardiac Valve Calcification in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., September 1, 2001; 12(9): 1927 - 1936. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. D. Pradhan, J. E. Manson, N. Rifai, J. E. Buring, and P. M. Ridker C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin 6, and Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus JAMA, July 18, 2001; 286(3): 327 - 334. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. P. Tiefenbacher Tetrahydrobiopterin: a critical cofactor for eNOS and a strategy in the treatment of endothelial dysfunction? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2001; 280(6): H2484 - H2488. [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. C. Chambers, L. Fusi, I. S. Malik, D. O. Haskard, M. De Swiet, and J. S. Kooner Association of Maternal Endothelial Dysfunction With Preeclampsia JAMA, March 28, 2001; 285(12): 1607 - 1612. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Ghiadoni, A. E. Donald, M. Cropley, M. J. Mullen, G. Oakley, M. Taylor, G. O'Connor, J. Betteridge, N. Klein, A. Steptoe, et al. Mental Stress Induces Transient Endothelial Dysfunction in Humans Circulation, November 14, 2000; 102(20): 2473 - 2478. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. H. McDermott, J. P.J. Halcox, W. H. Schenke, M. A. Waclawiw, M. N. Merrell, N. Epstein, A. A. Quyyumi, and P. M. Murphy Association Between Polymorphism in the Chemokine Receptor CX3CR1 and Coronary Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis Circ. Res., August 31, 2001; 89(5): 401 - 407. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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