(Circulation. 2001;103:1933.)
© 2001 American Heart Association, Inc.
Brief Rapid Communication |
Effect of Hydroxymethyl Glutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitor Therapy on High Sensitive C-Reactive Protein Levels
Presented in part at the 73rd Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association, New Orleans, La, November 12–15, 2000, and published in abstract form (Circulation. 2000;102[suppl II]:II-833).
From the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Tex (I.J., D.B., S.M.G., B.A.H. S.D.), and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.S.).
Correspondence to I. Jialal, MD, PhD, Director, Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Human Metabolism, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390-9073. E-mail jialal.i{at}pathology.swmed.edu
Background—Prospective studies indicate that baseline levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), the prototypic marker of inflammation, are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular events. Limited studies have examined therapies that influence high-sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) levels, especially in hyperlipidemic patients. Thus, we tested the effects of 3 hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins), simvastatin (20 mg/d), pravastatin (40 mg/d), and atorvastatin (10 mg/d), on levels of hs-CRP in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial of 22 patients with combined hyperlipidemia (LDL cholesterol >130 mg/dL and triglycerides of 200 to 600 mg/dL).
Methods and Results—After 6 weeks of an American Heart Association Step 1 diet, fasting blood samples were drawn at baseline and after 6 weeks of therapy with each drug. hs-CRP levels were significantly decreased after treatment with all 3 statins compared with baseline (median values: baseline, 2.6 mg/L; atorvastatin, 1.7 mg/L; simvastatin, 1.7 mg/L; and pravastatin, 1.9 mg/L; P<0.025). The reductions obtained with the 3 statins were similar. In addition, there was no significant effect on either plasma interleukin-6 or interleukin-6 soluble receptor levels. There was no relationship between reductions in hs-CRP and LDL cholesterol.
Conclusions—Pravastatin, simvastatin, and atorvastatin significantly decreased levels of hs-CRP. These data support an anti-inflammatory effect of these drugs.
Key Words: statins • inflammation • C-reactive protein
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 E. M. Balk, J. Lau, L. C. Goudas, H. S. Jordan, B. Kupelnick, L. U. Kim, and R. H. Karas Effects of Statins on Nonlipid Serum Markers Associated with Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review Ann Intern Med, October 21, 2003; 139(8): 670 - 682. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Ferroni, F. Martini, C. M. Cardarello, P. P. Gazzaniga, G. Davi, and S. Basili Enhanced Interleukin-1{beta} in Hypercholesterolemia: Effects of Simvastatin and Low-Dose Aspirin Circulation, October 7, 2003; 108(14): 1673 - 1675. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Haffner and H. Taegtmeyer Epidemic Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome Circulation, September 30, 2003; 108(13): 1541 - 1545. [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Kinlay, G. G. Schwartz, A. G. Olsson, N. Rifai, S. J. Leslie, W. J. Sasiela, M. Szarek, P. Libby, P. Ganz, and for the Myocardial Ischemia Reduction with Aggress High-Dose Atorvastatin Enhances the Decline in Inflammatory Markers in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes in the MIRACL Study Circulation, September 30, 2003; 108(13): 1560 - 1566. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. M. Blanco-Colio, B. Munoz-Garcia, J. L. Martin-Ventura, C. Lorz, C. Diaz, G. Hernandez, and J. Egido 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors Decrease Fas Ligand Expression and Cytotoxicity in Activated Human T Lymphocytes Circulation, September 23, 2003; 108(12): 1506 - 1513. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Susic, J. Varagic, J. Ahn, M. Slama, and E. D. Frohlich Beneficial pleiotropic vascular effects of rosuvastatin in two hypertensive models J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 17, 2003; 42(6): 1091 - 1097. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. B. Rice, L. L. Stoll, W.-G. Li, G. M. Denning, J. Weydert, E. Charipar, W. E. Richenbacher, F. J. Miller Jr, and N. L. Weintraub Low-Level Endotoxin Induces Potent Inflammatory Activation of Human Blood Vessels: Inhibition by Statins Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 2003; 23(9): 1576 - 1582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Hognestad, K. Endresen, R. Wergeland, O. Stokke, O. Geiran, T. Holm, S. Simonsen, J. K. Kjekshus, and A. K. Andreassen Plasma C-reactive protein as a marker of cardiac allograft vasculopathy in heart transplant recipients J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 6, 2003; 42(3): 477 - 482. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. O. Ventura and M. R. Mehra C-Reactive protein and cardiac allograft vasculopathy: is inflammation the critical link? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 6, 2003; 42(3): 483 - 485. [Full Text] [PDF]
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C Abud-Mendoza, H de la Fuente, E Cuevas-Orta, L Baranda, J Cruz-Rizo, and R Gonzalez-Amaro Therapy with statins in patients with refractory rheumatic diseases: a preliminary study Lupus, August 1, 2003; 12(8): 607 - 611. [Abstract] [PDF]
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T. B. Ledue and N. Rifai Preanalytic and Analytic Sources of Variations in C-reactive Protein Measurement: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment Clin. Chem., August 1, 2003; 49(8): 1258 - 1271. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. J. A. Jenkins, C. W. C. Kendall, A. Marchie, D. A. Faulkner, J. M. W. Wong, R. de Souza, A. Emam, T. L. Parker, E. Vidgen, K. G. Lapsley, et al. Effects of a Dietary Portfolio of Cholesterol-Lowering Foods vs Lovastatin on Serum Lipids and C-Reactive Protein JAMA, July 23, 2003; 290(4): 502 - 510. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. W. Chan, D. L. Bhatt, D. P. Chew, J. Reginelli, J. P. Schneider, E. J. Topol, and S. G. Ellis Relation of Inflammation and Benefit of Statins After Percutaneous Coronary Interventions Circulation, April 8, 2003; 107(13): 1750 - 1756. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. J. Blake and P. M. Ridker C-reactive protein and other inflammatory risk markers in acute coronary syndromes J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 19, 2003; 41(4_Suppl_S): 37S - 42S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. D. Horne, J. B. Muhlestein, J. F. Carlquist, T. L. Bair, T. E. Madsen, N. I. Hart, J. L. Anderson, and for the Intermountain Heart Collaborative (IHC) St Statin Therapy Interacts With Cytomegalovirus Seropositivity and High C-Reactive Protein in Reducing Mortality Among Patients With Angiographically Significant Coronary Disease Circulation, January 21, 2003; 107(2): 258 - 263. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. Stone Combination therapy: its rationale and the role of ezetimibe Eur. Heart J. Suppl., December 1, 2002; 4(suppl_J): J19 - J22. [Abstract] [PDF]
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S. Mathur, S. Devaraj, S. M. Grundy, and I. Jialal Cocoa Products Decrease Low Density Lipoprotein Oxidative Susceptibility but Do Not Affect Biomarkers of Inflammation in Humans J. Nutr., December 1, 2002; 132(12): 3663 - 3667. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. R. Mehra, P. A. Uber, K. Vivekananthan, S. Solis, R. L. Scott, M. H. Park, R. V. Milani, and C. J. Lavie Comparative beneficial effects of simvastatin and pravastatin on cardiac allograft rejection and survival J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 6, 2002; 40(9): 1609 - 1614. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Stefanadis, K. Toutouzas, M. Vavuranakis, E. Tsiamis, D. Tousoulis, D.B. Panagiotakos, S. Vaina, C. Pitsavos, and P. Toutouzas Statin treatment is associated with reduced thermal heterogeneity in human atherosclerotic plaques Eur. Heart J., November 1, 2002; 23(21): 1664 - 1669. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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