This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Edelman, E. R. Articles by Rogers, C. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Edelman, E. R. Articles by Rogers, C. Pubmed/NCBI databases Compound via MeSH Substance via MeSH Hazardous Substances DB GOLD Related Collections Restenosis Catheter-based coronary interventions: stents

(Circulation. 2001;103:429.)
© 2001 American Heart Association, Inc.

Basic Science Reports

Gold-Coated NIR Stents in Porcine Coronary Arteries

Elazer R. Edelman, MD, PhD; Philip Seifert, MS; Adam Groothuis, MS; Alisa Morss, MS; Danielle Bornstein, BS; Campbell Rogers, MD

From the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (E.R.E., P.S., A.G., D.B., C.R.) and the Department of Mechanical Engineering (A.M.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass, and the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School (E.R.E., C.R.), Boston, Mass.

Correspondence to Dr Elazer R. Edelman, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Room 16-343, Cambridge, MA 02139. E-mail ere{at}mit.edu

Background—As endovascular stents are altered to add functionality, eg, by adding radiopaque coatings, biocompatibility may suffer.

Methods and Results—We examined the vascular response in porcine coronary arteries to stainless steel gold-coated NIR stents (7-cell, Medinol, Inc). Stents, 9 and 16 mm in length, were left bare or coated with a 7-µm layer of gold. Physical and material effects were examined in four different gold-coated stent types, two at each length that either had the coating applied to the standard strut, ie, gold coated thicker than controls, or had the coating applied to thinned struts, ie, gold coated of the same thickness as control struts. Simple gold coating exacerbated intimal hyperplastic and inflammatory reactions over 28 days, but postplating thermal processing smoothed the coating surface and negated the adverse tissue response to gold. The relative amounts of base steel and gold coating and their resistances to expansion and collapse determined the extent of stent recoil.

Conclusions—Gold coatings enhance the radiopacity of steel stents, but not without effects on vascular repair. Material effects predominate and can be abrogated by heating coated stents to alter surface finish and material purity. Clinical results may suffer unless consideration is given to material and physical effects of gold.

Key Words: restenosis • stents • thermal processing • vasculature • vascular repair

This article has been cited by other articles:

				C.T. Whitlow, C.P. Geer, C.W.T. Mattern, B.J. Mussat-Whitlow, S.K. Yazdani, J.L. Berry, J.H. Lalli, R.O. Claus, V.R. Challa, and P.P. Morris Endovascular Histologic Effects of Ultrathin Gold- or Vitronectin-Coated Platinum Aneurysm Coils in a Rodent Arterial Occlusion Model: A Preliminary Investigation AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., January 1, 2009; 30(1): 85 - 90. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. C. Morton, N. D. Arnold, J. Gunn, R. Varcoe, S. E. Francis, S. K. Dower, and D. C. Crossman Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist alters the response to vessel wall injury in a porcine coronary artery model Cardiovasc Res, December 1, 2005; 68(3): 493 - 501. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Balakrishnan, A. R. Tzafriri, P. Seifert, A. Groothuis, C. Rogers, and E. R. Edelman Strut Position, Blood Flow, and Drug Deposition: Implications for Single and Overlapping Drug-Eluting Stents Circulation, June 7, 2005; 111(22): 2958 - 2965. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R Lowe, I B A Menown, G Nogareda, and I M Penn Coronary stents: in these days of climate change should all stents wear coats? Heart, June 1, 2005; 91(suppl_3): iii20 - iii23. [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Windecker, R. Simon, M. Lins, V. Klauss, F. R. Eberli, M. Roffi, G. Pedrazzini, T. Moccetti, P. Wenaweser, M. Togni, et al. Randomized Comparison of a Titanium-Nitride-Oxide-Coated Stent With a Stainless Steel Stent for Coronary Revascularization: The TiNOX Trial Circulation, May 24, 2005; 111(20): 2617 - 2622. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Ohyama, T. Nishide, H. Iwata, and W. Taki Development of Gold Stents for the Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms: An Experimental Study in a Canine Model AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., January 1, 2004; 25(1): 53 - 59. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Schurmann, J. Lahann, P. Niggemann, B. Klosterhalfen, J. Meyer, A. Kulisch, D. Klee, R. W. Gunther, and D. Vorwerk Biologic Response to Polymer-coated Stents: In Vitro Analysis and Results in an Iliac Artery Sheep Model Radiology, January 1, 2004; 230(1): 151 - 162. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. F. Maitz, M.-T. Pham, E. Wieser, and I. Tsyganov Blood Compatibility of Titanium Oxides with Various Crystal Structure and Element Doping J Biomater Appl, April 1, 2003; 17(4): 303 - 319. [Abstract] [PDF]

				R. S. Schwartz, E. R. Edelman, A. Carter, N. Chronos, C. Rogers, K. A. Robinson, R. Waksman, J. Weinberger, R. L. Wilensky, D. N. Jensen, et al. Drug-Eluting Stents in Preclinical Studies: Recommended Evaluation From a Consensus Group Circulation, October 1, 2002; 106(14): 1867 - 1873. [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. R. Ward, A. Agrotis, P. Kanellakis, J. Hall, G. Jennings, and A. Bobik Tranilast Prevents Activation of Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} System, Leukocyte Accumulation, and Neointimal Growth in Porcine Coronary Arteries After Stenting Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 2002; 22(6): 940 - 948. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E Regar, G Sianos, and P W Serruys Stent development and local drug delivery Br. Med. Bull., October 1, 2001; 59(1): 227 - 248. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]