Circulation. 2001;104:756-761
doi: 10.1161/hc3201.094151
doi: 10.1161/hc3201.094151
(Circulation. 2001;104:756.)
© 2001 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports |
Circulating Nonesterified Fatty Acid Level as a Predictive Risk Factor for Sudden Death in the Population
From the Service de Cardiologie (X.J., M.D.), Université Paris-5, Faculté Necker-enfants malades, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Unité INSERM 258, Epidémiologie Cardiovasculaire et Métabolique (X.J., M.-A.C., P.D.), Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.
Correspondence to Dr Xavier Jouven, Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France. E-mail xavier.jouven{at}hop.egp.ap-hop-paris.fr
Background— In ischemic conditions, concentration of circulating nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) is increased and has a proarrhythmic effect that is responsible for ventricular tachyarrhythmias. In nonischemic patients, high NEFA plasma concentration has been shown to be associated with frequent premature ventricular complexes and increased familial risk of cardiovascular disease, but its relation to sudden death has not been studied. We assessed the role of circulating NEFA in sudden death in asymptomatic men in a long-term cohort study.
Methods and Results— A total of 5250 men employed by the city of Paris, aged 42 to 53 in 1967 to 1972, free of known ischemic cardiac disease, and included in the Paris Prospective Study I, completed a second annual examination and had fasting plasma circulating NEFA measured. Each subject underwent a physical examination and ECG, provided blood for laboratory tests, and answered questionnaires administered by trained interviewers. Vital status was obtained for each subject from specific inquiries until he retired; after retirement, it was obtained from death certificates. Body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, tobacco consumption, parental history of sudden death, fasting cholesterol level, and circulating NEFA concentration were independent factors associated with sudden death during follow up (average, 22 years). When adjusted for confounding factors, circulating NEFA concentration remained an independent risk factor for sudden death (relative risk, 1.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.21 to 2.13) but not for fatal myocardial infarction.
Conclusions— Circulating NEFA concentration is an independent risk factor for sudden death in middle-aged men. Some form of primary prevention could be envisaged in subjects at high risk of sudden death.
Key Words: death, sudden • fatty acids, nonesterified • epidemiology • risk factors
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  D. J. Chess and W. C. Stanley Role of diet and fuel overabundance in the development and progression of heart failure Cardiovasc Res, July 15, 2008; 79(2): 269 - 278. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. H. Tomkin Targets for Intervention in Dyslipidemia in Diabetes Diabetes Care, February 1, 2008; 31(Supplement_2): S241 - S248. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Pilz, H. Scharnagl, B. Tiran, B. Wellnitz, U. Seelhorst, B. O. Boehm, and W. Marz Elevated plasma free fatty acids predict sudden cardiac death: a 6.85-year follow-up of 3315 patients after coronary angiography Eur. Heart J., November 2, 2007; 28(22): 2763 - 2769. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. D. Monahan, D. J. Dyckman, and C. A. Ray Effect of acute hyperlipidemia on autonomic and cardiovascular control in humans J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2007; 103(1): 162 - 169. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-P. Empana, P. Duciemetiere, B. Balkau, and X. Jouven Contribution of the metabolic syndrome to sudden death risk in asymptomatic men: the Paris Prospective Study I Eur. Heart J., May 1, 2007; 28(9): 1149 - 1154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. P. Kampf and A. M. Kleinfeld Is Membrane Transport of FFA Mediated by Lipid, Protein, or Both? Physiology, February 1, 2007; 22(1): 7 - 14. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M.F. Oliver Sudden cardiac death: the lost fatty acid hypothesis QJM, October 1, 2006; 99(10): 701 - 709. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart, D. P. Zipes, A. J. Camm, M. Borggrefe, A. E. Buxton, B. Chaitman, M. Fromer, G. Gregoratos, G. Klein, A. J. Moss, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death--Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 5, 2006; 48(5): 1064 - 1108. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart, D. P. Zipes, A. J. Camm, M. Borggrefe, A. E. Buxton, B. Chaitman, M. Fromer, G. Gregoratos, G. Klein, A. J. Moss, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 5, 2006; 48(5): e247 - e346. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. P. Zipes, D. P. Zipes, A. J. Camm, M. Borggrefe, A. E. Buxton, B. Chaitman, M. Fromer, G. Gregoratos, G. Klein, A. J. Moss, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death--executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death) Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Eur. Heart J., September 1, 2006; 27(17): 2099 - 2140. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Writing Committee Members, D. P. Zipes, A. J. Camm, M. Borggrefe, A. E. Buxton, B. Chaitman, M. Fromer, G. Gregoratos, G. Klein, A. J. Moss, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death) Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society Europace, September 1, 2006; 8(9): 746 - 837. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. L. Wang, L. Zhang, K. Youker, M.-X. Zhang, J. Wang, S. A. LeMaire, J. S. Coselli, and Y. H. Shen Free Fatty Acids Inhibit Insulin Signaling-Stimulated Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation Through Upregulating PTEN or Inhibiting Akt Kinase. Diabetes, August 1, 2006; 55(8): 2301 - 2310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Pilz, H. Scharnagl, B. Tiran, U. Seelhorst, B. Wellnitz, B. O. Boehm, J. R. Schaefer, and W. Marz Free Fatty Acids Are Independently Associated with All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Subjects with Coronary Artery Disease J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2006; 91(7): 2542 - 2547. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Sotoodehnia, D. S. Siscovick, M. Vatta, B. M. Psaty, R. P. Tracy, J. A. Towbin, R. N. Lemaitre, T. D. Rea, J. P. Durda, J. M. Chang, et al. {beta}2-Adrenergic Receptor Genetic Variants and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death Circulation, April 18, 2006; 113(15): 1842 - 1848. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. M.E. Azzazy, M. M.A.L. Pelsers, and R. H. Christenson Unbound Free Fatty Acids and Heart-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein: Diagnostic Assays and Clinical Applications Clin. Chem., January 1, 2006; 52(1): 19 - 29. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Lafontan, C. Moro, C. Sengenes, J. Galitzky, F. Crampes, and M. Berlan An Unsuspected Metabolic Role for Atrial Natriuretic Peptides: The Control of Lipolysis, Lipid Mobilization, and Systemic Nonesterified Fatty Acids Levels in Humans Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., October 1, 2005; 25(10): 2032 - 2042. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. A. Shaltout and A. A. Abdel-Rahman Mechanism of Fatty Acids Induced Suppression of Cardiovascular Reflexes in Rats J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., September 1, 2005; 314(3): 1328 - 1337. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Thorgeirsson, G. Thorgeirsson, H. Sigvaldason, and J. Witteman Risk factors for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the Reykjavik Study Eur. Heart J., August 1, 2005; 26(15): 1499 - 1505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Calo, L. Bianconi, F. Colivicchi, F. Lamberti, M. L. Loricchio, E. de Ruvo, A. Meo, C. Pandozi, M. Staibano, and M. Santini N-3 Fatty Acids for the Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Randomized, Controlled Trial J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 17, 2005; 45(10): 1723 - 1728. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.P. Empana, P. Ducimetiere, M.A. Charles, and X. Jouven Sagittal Abdominal Diameter and Risk of Sudden Death in Asymptomatic Middle-Aged Men: The Paris Prospective Study I Circulation, November 2, 2004; 110(18): 2781 - 2785. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Ma, S. Bacci, W. Mlynarski, L. Gottardo, T. Soccio, C. Menzaghi, E. Iori, R. A. Lager, A. R. Shroff, E. V. Gervino, et al. A common haplotype at the CD36 locus is associated with high free fatty acid levels and increased cardiovascular risk in Caucasians Hum. Mol. Genet., October 1, 2004; 13(19): 2197 - 2205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. T. Bloomgarden Inpatient Diabetes Control: Approaches to treatment Diabetes Care, September 1, 2004; 27(9): 2272 - 2277. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. P. Kampf and A. M. Kleinfeld Fatty Acid Transport in Adipocytes Monitored by Imaging Intracellular Free Fatty Acid Levels J. Biol. Chem., August 20, 2004; 279(34): 35775 - 35780. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. W. Rizkalla, L. Taghrid, M. Laromiguiere, D. Huet, J. Boillot, A. Rigoir, F. Elgrably, and G. Slama Improved Plasma Glucose Control, Whole-Body Glucose Utilization, and Lipid Profile on a Low-Glycemic Index Diet in Type 2 Diabetic Men: A randomized controlled trial Diabetes Care, August 1, 2004; 27(8): 1866 - 1872. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. E. Culp, J. G. Augoustides, A. E. Ochroch, and B. L. Milas Clinical Management of Cardiogenic Shock Associated with Prolonged Propofol Infusion Anesth. Analg., July 1, 2004; 99(1): 221 - 226. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Naghavi, P. Libby, E. Falk, S. W. Casscells, S. Litovsky, J. Rumberger, J. J. Badimon, C. Stefanadis, P. Moreno, G. Pasterkamp, et al. From Vulnerable Plaque to Vulnerable Patient: A Call for New Definitions and Risk Assessment Strategies: Part II Circulation, October 14, 2003; 108(15): 1772 - 1778. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.W. Lee and G.Y.H. Lip The role of omega-3 fatty acids in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease QJM, July 1, 2003; 96(7): 465 - 480. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A Asakawa, A Inui, T Kaga, G Katsuura, M Fujimiya, M A Fujino, and M Kasuga Antagonism of ghrelin receptor reduces food intake and body weight gain in mice Gut, July 1, 2003; 52(7): 947 - 952. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Spooner and D. P. Zipes Sudden Death Predictors: An Inflammatory Association Circulation, June 4, 2002; 105(22): 2574 - 2576. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. M. Corbi, S. Carbone, P. Ziccardi, G. Giugliano, R. Marfella, F. Nappo, G. Paolisso, K. Esposito, and D. Giugliano FFAs and QT Intervals in Obese Women with Visceral Adiposity: Effects of Sustained Weight Loss Over 1 Year J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2002; 87(5): 2080 - 2083. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. M. Albert, H. Campos, M. J. Stampfer, P. M. Ridker, J. E. Manson, W. C. Willett, and J. Ma Blood Levels of Long-Chain n-3 Fatty Acids and the Risk of Sudden Death N. Engl. J. Med., April 11, 2002; 346(15): 1113 - 1118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Katz Trans-Fatty Acids and Sudden Cardiac Death Circulation, February 12, 2002; 105(6): 669 - 671. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Nonesterified Fatty Acid Level: A New Risk Factor for Sudden Death Journal Watch Cardiology, November 9, 2001; 2001(1109): 5 - 5. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Leaf Plasma Nonesterified Fatty Acid Concentration as a Risk Factor for Sudden Cardiac Death: The Paris Prospective Study Circulation, August 14, 2001; 104(7): 744 - 745. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|