Donate Help Contact The AHA Sign In Home
American Heart Association
Circulation
Search: search_blue_button Advanced Search
Circulation. 2002;106:987-992
Published online before print July 29, 2002, doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000027109.14149.67
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
106/8/987    most recent
01.CIR.0000027109.14149.67v1
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Lin, K. Y.
Right arrow Articles by Cooke, J. P.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Lin, K. Y.
Right arrow Articles by Cooke, J. P.
Related Collections
Right arrow Type 2 diabetes
Right arrow Endothelium/vascular type/nitric oxide

(Circulation. 2002;106:987.)
© 2002 American Heart Association, Inc.


Basic Science Reports

Impaired Nitric Oxide Synthase Pathway in Diabetes Mellitus

Role of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase

Ken Y. Lin; Akira Ito, MD, PhD; Tomoko Asagami, MD, PhD; Philip S. Tsao, PhD; Shanthi Adimoolam, PhD; Masumi Kimoto, PhD; Hideaki Tsuji, PhD; Gerald M. Reaven, MD; John P. Cooke, MD, PhD

From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (K.Y.L., A.I., T.A., P.S.T., S.A., G.M.R., J.P.C.), and the Department of Nutritional Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Soja, Okayama, Japan (M.K., H.T.).

Correspondence to John P. Cooke, MD, PhD, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305. E-mail john.cooke{at}stanford.edu

Background— An endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), is elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This study explored the mechanisms by which ADMA becomes elevated in DM.

Methods and Results— Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed normal chow or high-fat diet (n=5 in each) with moderate streptozotocin injection to induce type 2 DM. Plasma ADMA was elevated in diabetic rats (1.33±0.31 versus 0.48±0.08 µmol/L; P<0.05). The activity, but not the expression, of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) was reduced in diabetic rats and negatively correlated with their plasma ADMA levels (P<0.05). DDAH activity was significantly reduced in vascular smooth muscle cells and human endothelial cells (HMEC-1) exposed to high glucose (25.5 mmol/L). The impairment of DDAH activity in vascular cells was associated with an accumulation of ADMA and a reduction in generation of cGMP. In human endothelial cells, coincubation with the antioxidant polyethylene glycol–conjugated superoxide dismutase (22 U/mL) reversed the effects of the high-glucose condition on DDAH activity, ADMA accumulation, and cGMP synthesis.

Conclusions— A glucose-induced impairment of DDAH causes ADMA accumulation and may contribute to endothelial vasodilator dysfunction in DM.


Key Words: nitric oxide • endothelium • oxidative stress




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
EndocrinologyHome page
B. Ellger, M. C. Richir, P. A. M. van Leeuwen, Y. Debaveye, L. Langouche, I. Vanhorebeek, T. Teerlink, and G. Van den Berghe
Glycemic Control Modulates Arginine and Asymmetrical-Dimethylarginine Levels during Critical Illness by Preserving Dimethylarginine-Dimethylaminohydrolase Activity
Endocrinology, June 1, 2008; 149(6): 3148 - 3157.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
N. Sud, S. M. Wells, S. Sharma, D. A. Wiseman, J. Wilham, and S. M. Black
Asymmetric dimethylarginine inhibits HSP90 activity in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells: role of mitochondrial dysfunction
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, June 1, 2008; 294(6): C1407 - C1418.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Diabetes CareHome page
M. Lajer, L. Tarnow, A. Jorsal, T. Teerlink, H.-H. Parving, and P. Rossing
Plasma Concentration of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) Predicts Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Type 1 Diabetic Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy
Diabetes Care, April 1, 2008; 31(4): 747 - 752.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
K. Sydow, C. E. Mondon, J. Schrader, H. Konishi, and J. P. Cooke
Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase Overexpression Enhances Insulin Sensitivity
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., April 1, 2008; 28(4): 692 - 697.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Diabetes CareHome page
S. R. Kashyap, A. Lara, R. Zhang, Y. M. Park, and R. A. DeFronzo
Insulin Reduces Plasma Arginase Activity in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Diabetes Care, January 1, 2008; 31(1): 134 - 139.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
DiabetesHome page
M. L. Onozato, A. Tojo, J. Leiper, T. Fujita, F. Palm, and C. S. Wilcox
Expression of NG,NG-Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase and Protein Arginine N-Methyltransferase Isoforms in Diabetic Rat Kidney: Effects of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
Diabetes, January 1, 2008; 57(1): 172 - 180.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
C. Baylis
Nitric oxide deficiency in chronic kidney disease
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, January 1, 2008; 294(1): F1 - F9.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
F. Palm, M. L. Onozato, Z. Luo, and C. S. Wilcox
Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH): expression, regulation, and function in the cardiovascular and renal systems
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2007; 293(6): H3227 - H3245.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
M. Imamura, Y. Waseda, G. V. Marinova, T. Ishibashi, S. Obayashi, A. Sasaki, A. Nagai, and H. Azuma
Alterations of NOS, arginase, and DDAH protein expression in rabbit cavernous tissue after administration of cigarette smoke extract
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 2007; 293(5): R2081 - R2089.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Diabetes CareHome page
Z. T. Bloomgarden
Insulin Resistance, Dyslipidemia, and Cardiovascular Disease
Diabetes Care, August 1, 2007; 30(8): 2164 - 2170.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
K. Hasegawa, S. Wakino, S. Tatematsu, K. Yoshioka, K. Homma, N. Sugano, M. Kimoto, K. Hayashi, and H. Itoh
Role of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine in Vascular Injury in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Dimethylarginie Dimethylaminohydrolase 2
Circ. Res., July 20, 2007; 101(2): e2 - e10.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
A. M. Wilson, R. Harada, N. Nair, N. Balasubramanian, and J. P. Cooke
L-Arginine Supplementation in Peripheral Arterial Disease: No Benefit and Possible Harm
Circulation, July 10, 2007; 116(2): 188 - 195.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Eur Heart J SupplHome page
Authors/Task Force Members, L. Ryden, E. Standl, M. Bartnik, G. V. d. Berghe, J. Betteridge, M.-J. de Boer, F. Cosentino, B. Jonsson, M. Laakso, et al.
Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases: full text: The Task Force on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
Eur. Heart J. Suppl., June 1, 2007; 9(suppl_C): C3 - C74.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
A. Sasaki, S. Doi, S. Mizutani, and H. Azuma
Roles of accumulated endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, enhanced arginase activity, and attenuated nitric oxide synthase activity in endothelial cells for pulmonary hypertension in rats
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, June 1, 2007; 292(6): L1480 - L1487.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. E. Altinova, M. Arslan, A. Sepici-Dincel, M. Akturk, N. Altan, and F. B. Toruner
Uncomplicated Type 1 Diabetes Is Associated with Increased Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Concentrations
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2007; 92(5): 1881 - 1885.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
HypertensionHome page
J. Toth, A. Racz, P. M. Kaminski, M. S. Wolin, Z. Bagi, and A. Koller
Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine Inhibits Shear Stress-Induced Nitric Oxide Release and Dilation and Elicits Superoxide-Mediated Increase in Arteriolar Tone
Hypertension, March 1, 2007; 49(3): 563 - 568.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Cardiovasc ResHome page
E. Monsalve, P. J. Oviedo, M. A. Garcia-Perez, J. J. Tarin, A. Cano, and C. Hermenegildo
Estradiol counteracts oxidized LDL-induced asymmetric dimethylarginine production by cultured human endothelial cells
Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2007; 73(1): 66 - 72.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
HypertensionHome page
O. V. Fedorova, N. I. Agalakova, C. H. Morrell, E. G. Lakatta, and A. Y. Bagrov
ANP Differentially Modulates Marinobufagenin-Induced Sodium Pump Inhibition in Kidney and Aorta
Hypertension, December 1, 2006; 48(6): 1160 - 1168.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
F. Mittermayer, K. Krzyzanowska, M. Exner, W. Mlekusch, J. Amighi, S. Sabeti, E. Minar, M. Muller, M. Wolzt, and M. Schillinger
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Predicts Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Advanced Peripheral Artery Disease
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., November 1, 2006; 26(11): 2536 - 2540.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
S. S. Billecke, L. A. Kitzmiller, J. J. Northrup, S. E. Whitesall, M. Kimoto, A. V. Hinz, and L. G. D'Alecy
Contribution of whole blood to the control of plasma asymmetrical dimethylarginine
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2006; 291(4): H1788 - H1796.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.Home page
K. Matsuguma, S. Ueda, S.-i. Yamagishi, Y. Matsumoto, U. Kaneyuki, R. Shibata, T. Fujimura, H. Matsuoka, M. Kimoto, S. Kato, et al.
Molecular Mechanism for Elevation of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Its Role for Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., August 1, 2006; 17(8): 2176 - 2183.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Eur Heart JHome page
S. Yasuda, S. Miyazaki, M. Kanda, Y. Goto, M. Suzuki, Y. Harano, and H. Nonogi
Intensive treatment of risk factors in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus is associated with improvement of endothelial function coupled with a reduction in the levels of plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine and endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase
Eur. Heart J., May 2, 2006; 27(10): 1159 - 1165.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
U. Forstermann and T. Munzel
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Vascular Disease: From Marvel to Menace
Circulation, April 4, 2006; 113(13): 1708 - 1714.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Diabetes CareHome page
R. Yamamoto and Y. Aso
Synergistic Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Overt Nephropathy With Elevated Asymmetric Dimethylarginine in Serum and Impaired Cutaneous Microvasodilation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes Care, April 1, 2006; 29(4): 928 - 930.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
K. A. Carello, S. E. Whitesall, M. C. Lloyd, S. S. Billecke, and L. G. D'Alecy
Asymmetrical dimethylarginine plasma clearance persists after acute total nephrectomy in rats
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2006; 290(1): H209 - H216.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
HeartHome page
T Kawata, M Daimon, R Hasegawa, K Teramoto, T Toyoda, T Sekine, K Yamamoto, D Uchida, T Himi, K Yoshida, et al.
Serum asymmetric dimethylarginine as a marker of coronary microcirculation in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: correlation with coronary flow reserve
Heart, December 1, 2005; 91(12): 1607 - 1608.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Vasc MedHome page
R. K Oka, A. Szuba, J. C Giacomini, and J. P Cooke
A pilot study of l-arginine supplementation on functional capacity in peripheral arterial disease
Vascular Medicine, November 1, 2005; 10(4): 265 - 274.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
DiabetesHome page
F. Palm, D. G. Buerk, P.-O. Carlsson, P. Hansell, and P. Liss
Reduced Nitric Oxide Concentration in the Renal Cortex of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: Effects on Renal Oxygenation and Microcirculation
Diabetes, November 1, 2005; 54(11): 3282 - 3287.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
Y. Chen, Y. Li, P. Zhang, J. H. Traverse, M. Hou, X. Xu, M. Kimoto, and R. J. Bache
Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase and endothelial dysfunction in failing hearts
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2005; 289(5): H2212 - H2219.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
R. Schnabel, S. Blankenberg, E. Lubos, K. J. Lackner, H. J. Rupprecht, C. Espinola-Klein, N. Jachmann, F. Post, D. Peetz, C. Bickel, et al.
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Death in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: Results from the AtheroGene Study
Circ. Res., September 2, 2005; 97(5): e53 - e59.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
T. Munzel, A. Daiber, V. Ullrich, and A. Mulsch
Vascular Consequences of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Uncoupling for the Activity and Expression of the Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase and the cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., August 1, 2005; 25(8): 1551 - 1557.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
J. C. Frisbee
Reduced nitric oxide bioavailability contributes to skeletal muscle microvessel rarefaction in the metabolic syndrome
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, August 1, 2005; 289(2): R307 - R316.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Diabetes CareHome page
Z. T. Bloomgarden
Second World Congress on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome: Mediators, pediatric insulin resistance, the polycystic ovary syndrome, and malignancy
Diabetes Care, July 1, 2005; 28(7): 1821 - 1830.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
J. Molnar, S. Yu, N. Mzhavia, C. Pau, I. Chereshnev, and H. M. Dansky
Diabetes Induces Endothelial Dysfunction but Does Not Increase Neointimal Formation in High-Fat Diet Fed C57BL/6J Mice
Circ. Res., June 10, 2005; 96(11): 1178 - 1184.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
J. O. Prior, M. J. Quinones, M. Hernandez-Pampaloni, A. D. Facta, T. H. Schindler, J. W. Sayre, W. A. Hsueh, and H. R. Schelbert
Coronary Circulatory Dysfunction in Insulin Resistance, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Circulation, May 10, 2005; 111(18): 2291 - 2298.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Vasc MedHome page
J. P Cooke
ADMA: its role in vascular disease
Vascular Medicine, May 1, 2005; 10(2_suppl): S11 - S17.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Vasc MedHome page
K. Sydow, C. E Mondon, and J. P Cooke
Insulin resistance: potential role of the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor ADMA
Vascular Medicine, May 1, 2005; 10(2_suppl): S35 - S43.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Vasc MedHome page
R. Maas
Pharmacotherapies and their influence on asymmetric dimethylargine (ADMA)
Vascular Medicine, May 1, 2005; 10(2_suppl): S49 - S57.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Vasc MedHome page
S. M Bode-Boger, F. Scalera, and J. Martens-Lobenhoffer
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) accelerates cell senescence
Vascular Medicine, May 1, 2005; 10(2_suppl): S65 - S71.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Vasc MedHome page
T. Teerlink
ADMA metabolism and clearance
Vascular Medicine, May 1, 2005; 10(2_suppl): S73 - S81.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Vasc MedHome page
R. H Boger, E. Schwedhelm, R. Maas, S. Quispe-Bravo, and C. Skamira
ADMA and oxidative stress may relate to the progression of renal disease: rationale and design of the VIVALDI study
Vascular Medicine, May 1, 2005; 10(2_suppl): S97 - S102.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.Home page
F. Scalera, J. T. Kielstein, J. Martens-Lobenhoffer, S. C. Postel, M. Tager, and S. M. Bode-Boger
Erythropoietin Increases Asymmetric Dimethylarginine in Endothelial Cells: Role of Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., April 1, 2005; 16(4): 892 - 898.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
P. Dandona, A. Aljada, A. Chaudhuri, P. Mohanty, and R. Garg
Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Perspective Based on Interactions Between Obesity, Diabetes, and Inflammation
Circulation, March 22, 2005; 111(11): 1448 - 1454.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Vasc MedHome page
V Achan, H. Ho, C Heeschen, M Stuehlinger, J. Jang, M Kimoto, P Vallance, and J. Cooke
ADMA regulates angiogenesis: genetic and metabolic evidence
Vascular Medicine, February 1, 2005; 10(1): 7 - 14.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J CARDIOVASC PHARMACOL THERHome page
S. C. Tyagi, W. Rodriguez, A. M. Patel, A. M. Roberts, J. C. Falcone, J. C. Passmore, J. T. Fleming, and I. G. Joshua
Hyperhomocysteinemic Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Oxidative Stress, Remodeling, and Endothelial-Myocyte Uncoupling
Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, January 1, 2005; 10(1): 1 - 10.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Endocr. Rev.Home page
B. F. Schrijvers, A. S. De Vriese, and A. Flyvbjerg
From Hyperglycemia to Diabetic Kidney Disease: The Role of Metabolic, Hemodynamic, Intracellular Factors and Growth Factors/Cytokines
Endocr. Rev., December 1, 2004; 25(6): 971 - 1010.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
F. Scalera, J. Borlak, B. Beckmann, J. Martens-Lobenhoffer, T. Thum, M. Tager, and S. M. Bode-Boger
Endogenous Nitric Oxide Synthesis Inhibitor Asymmetric Dimethyl L-Arginine Accelerates Endothelial Cell Senescence
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., October 1, 2004; 24(10): 1816 - 1822.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Nutr.Home page
H. L. Gornik and M. A. Creager
Arginine and Endothelial and Vascular Health
J. Nutr., October 1, 2004; 134(10): 2880S - 2887S.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
P. Vallance and J. Leiper
Cardiovascular Biology of the Asymmetric Dimethylarginine:Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase Pathway
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., June 1, 2004; 24(6): 1023 - 1030.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Vasc MedHome page
K. Sydow, B. Hornig, N. Arakawa, S. M Bode-Boger, D. Tsikas, T. Munuzel, and R. H Boger
Endothelial dysfunction in patients with peripheral arterial disease and chronic hyperhomocysteinemia: potential role of ADMA
Vascular Medicine, May 1, 2004; 9(2): 93 - 101.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
J. P. Cooke
Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine: The Uber Marker?
Circulation, April 20, 2004; 109(15): 1813 - 1818.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Diabetes CareHome page
L. Tarnow, P. Hovind, T. Teerlink, C. D.A. Stehouwer, and H.-H. Parving
Elevated Plasma Asymmetric Dimethylarginine as a Marker of Cardiovascular Morbidity in Early Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes
Diabetes Care, March 1, 2004; 27(3): 765 - 769.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Nutr.Home page
R. Kohli, C. J. Meininger, T. E. Haynes, W. Yan, J. T. Self, and G. Wu
Dietary L-Arginine Supplementation Enhances Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
J. Nutr., March 1, 2004; 134(3): 600 - 608.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Diabetes CareHome page
Z. T. Bloomgarden
The 1st World Congress on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome
Diabetes Care, February 1, 2004; 27(2): 602 - 609.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Diabetes CareHome page
E. T. Fossel
Improvement of Temperature and Flow in Feet of Subjects with Diabetes With Use of a Transdermal Preparation of L-Arginine: A pilot study
Diabetes Care, January 1, 2004; 27(1): 284 - 285.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
H. Dayoub, V. Achan, S. Adimoolam, J. Jacobi, M. C. Stuehlinger, B.-y. Wang, P. S. Tsao, M. Kimoto, P. Vallance, A. J. Patterson, et al.
Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase Regulates Nitric Oxide Synthesis: Genetic and Physiological Evidence
Circulation, December 16, 2003; 108(24): 3042 - 3047.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page