Circulation. 2002;106:1121-1126
Published online before print August 12, 2002, doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000027819.19722.EE
Published online before print August 12, 2002, doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000027819.19722.EE
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(Circulation. 2002;106:1121.)
© 2002 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports |
Percutaneous Transcatheter Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale in Patients With Paradoxical Embolism
From the Cardiac Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.
Reprint requests to Igor F. Palacios, MD, Director, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory and Interventional Cardiology, Cardiac Unit, Bulfinch 105, Massachusetts General Hospital, Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114. E-mail palacios.igor{at}mgh.harvard.edu
Background— Percutaneous transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) is used as an alternative to surgery or long-term anticoagulation for the treatment of patients with paradoxical embolism and PFO.
Methods and Results— We report the immediate and long-term clinical and echocardiographic outcome of 110 consecutive patients (58 males, mean age 47±14 years) who underwent transcatheter closure of PFO because of paradoxical embolism between 1995 and 2001. Procedural success, defined as successful deployment of the device and effective occlusion (no, or trivial, shunt after device placement), was achieved in all (100%) patients. There was no in-hospital mortality, 1 device migration requiring surgical intervention (0.9%), and 1 episode of cardiac tamponade (0.9%) requiring pericardiocentesis. A progressive increment in full occlusion was observed (44%, 51%, 66%, and 71% at 1 day, 6 months, and 1 and 2 years, respectively, after device placement). At a mean follow-up of 2.3 years, 2 patients experienced recurrent neurological events (1 fatal stroke and 1 transient ischemic attack), representing an annual risk of recurrence of 0.9%. In addition, 4 (3.6%) of the patients required reintervention for device malalignment or significant shunt. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a freedom from recurrent embolic events and reintervention of 96% and 90% at 1 and 5 years, respectively.
Conclusions— Transcatheter closure of PFO is a safe and effective therapy for patients with paradoxical embolism and PFO. It is associated with a high success rate, low incidence of hospital complications, and low frequency of recurrent systemic embolic events.
Key Words: heart septal defects • embolism • catheterization • stroke
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