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(Circulation. 1955;11:620.)
© 1955 American Heart Association, Inc.

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Electrolyte Studies in Heart Failure

II. Extracellular Factors in the Pathogenesis of Congestive Edema

LLOYD T. ISERI M.D.¹; IVAN J. MADER M.D.¹; ALBERT J. BOYLE M.D., PH.D.¹

¹ From the Departments of Medicine, City of Detroit Receiving Hospital and Wayne University College of Medicine, Detroit, Mich.

Indirect metabolic studies and direct muscle biopsy studies have indicated diminution of intracellular electrolyte concentration during congestive heart failure explainable by extrusion of these electrolytes due to increase in osmolarity within the cells. Acute and chronic physical and circulatory stress in cardiac patients produced an elevation of plasma sodium concentration indicative of a concomittant increase in osmolarity of the extracellular fluid.