Circulation. 2004;110:1903-1908
Published online before print September 27, 2004, doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000143377.53389.C8
Published online before print September 27, 2004, doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000143377.53389.C8
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(Circulation. 2004;110:1903-1908.)
© 2004 American Heart Association, Inc.
Coronary Heart Disease |
Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Adds to Risk Prediction of Incident Coronary Events by C-Reactive Protein in Apparently Healthy Middle-Aged Men From the General Population
Results From the 14-Year Follow-Up of a Large Cohort From Southern Germany
From the Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology (W.K., N.K., G.T.), University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany; GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health (H.L., C.M.), Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany; and MONICA/KORA Myocardial Infarction Registry (H.L., C.M.), Augsburg Central Hospital, Augsburg, Germany.
Correspondence to Wolfgang Koenig, MD, FESC, FACC, Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Robert-Koch Straße. 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. E-mail wolfgang.koenig{at}medizin.uni-ulm.de
Received March 29, 2004; revision received June 9, 2004; accepted June 10, 2004.
Background— Chronic inflammation represents an essential feature of the atherosclerotic process. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), an enzyme mainly produced by monocytes/macrophages, generates potent proinflammatory products.
Methods and Results— Plasma concentrations of Lp-PLA2 were determined by ELISA in 934 apparently healthy men aged 45 to 64 years sampled from the general population in 1984 and followed up until 1998. During this period, 97 men experienced a coronary event diagnosed according to the MONICA (MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease) protocol. Baseline levels of Lp-PLA2 were higher in subjects who experienced an event than in event-free subjects (295±113 versus 263±79 ng/mL, P<0.01). Lp-PLA2 was positively correlated with total cholesterol (R=0.30, P<0.0001) and age (R=0.12, P=0.001), was only slightly correlated with HDL cholesterol (R=0.09, P=0.005) and C-reactive protein R=0.06, P=0.06), but was not correlated with body mass index or blood pressure. In a Cox model, a 1-SD increase in Lp-PLA2 was associated with risk of future coronary events (hazard ratio [HR] 1.37, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.62). After controlling for potential confounders, the HR was attenuated but remained statistically significant (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.47). Further inclusion of C-reactive protein in the model did not appreciably affect its predictive ability (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.45).
Conclusions— Elevated levels of Lp-PLA2 appeared to be predictive of future coronary events in apparently healthy middle-aged men with moderately elevated total cholesterol, independent of CRP. This suggests that Lp-PLA2 and CRP may be additive in their ability to predict risk of coronary heart disease.
Key Words: inflammation • risk factors • coronary disease • epidemiology • prognosis
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