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(Circulation. 2006;114:1821-1828.)
© 2006 American Heart Association, Inc.

Heart Failure

Activation of the Cardiac Proteasome During Pressure Overload Promotes Ventricular Hypertrophy

Christophe Depre, MD, PhD; Qian Wang, MS; Lin Yan, PhD; Nadia Hedhli, BS; Pallavi Peter, MD; Li Chen, MD; Chull Hong, MD; Luc Hittinger, MD, PhD; Bijan Ghaleh, PhD; Junichi Sadoshima, MD, PhD; Dorothy E. Vatner, MD; Stephen F. Vatner, MD; Kiran Madura, PhD

From the Cardiovascular Research Institute (C.D., Q.W., L.Y., N.H., P.P., C.H., L.H., B.G., J.S., D.E.V., S.F.V.), Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, and Department of Biochemistry (L.C., K.M.), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway.

Correspondence to Stephen F. Vatner, MD, Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, 185 South Orange Ave, MSB G-609, New Jersey Medical School, UMDNJ, Newark, NJ 07103 (e-mail vatnersf{at}umdnj.edu); or Kiran Madura, PhD, Department of Biochemistry, 683 Hoes Lane, SPH Room 383, Robert Wood Johnson Medical, School, UMDNJ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 (e-mail maduraki@umndj.edu).

Received November 1, 2005; de novo received May 2, 2006; revision received July 24, 2006; accepted July 27, 2006.

Background— The adaptation of cardiac mass to hemodynamic overload requires an adaptation of protein turnover, ie, the balance between protein synthesis and degradation. We tested 2 hypotheses: (1) chronic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) activates the proteasome system of protein degradation, especially in the myocardium submitted to the highest wall stress, ie, the subendocardium, and (2) the proteasome system is required for the development of LVH.

Methods and Results— Gene and protein expression of proteasome subunits and proteasome activity were measured separately from left ventricular subendocardium and subepicardium, right ventricle, and peripheral tissues in a canine model of severe, chronic (2 years) LVH induced by aortic banding and then were compared with controls. Both gene and protein expressions of proteasome subunits were increased in LVH versus control (P<0.05), which was accompanied by a significant (P<0.05) increase in proteasome activity. Posttranslational modification of the proteasome was also detected by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. These changes were found specifically in left ventricular subendocardium but not in left ventricular subepicardium, right ventricle, or noncardiac tissues from the same animals. In a mouse model of chronic pressure overload, a 50% increase in heart mass and a 2-fold increase in proteasome activity (both P<0.05 versus sham) were induced. In that model, the proteasome inhibitor epoxomicin completely prevented LVH while blocking proteasome activation.

Conclusions— The increase in proteasome expression and activity found during chronic pressure overload in myocardium submitted to higher stress is also required for the establishment of LVH.

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