Published online before print July 16, 2007, doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.693622
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(Circulation. 2007;116:489-496.)
© 2007 American Heart Association, Inc.
Epidemiology |
Residential Exposure to Traffic Is Associated With Coronary Atherosclerosis
From the Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (B.H., S. Moebus, N.L., K.H.J.), West German Heart Center, Essen (S. Möhlenkamp, A. Schmermund, R.E.), and Department of Endocrinology (K.M.), University Hospital, University of Duisburg–Essen, Essen; Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University of Halle–Wittenberg, Halle (A. Stang); Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (N.D.); and Rhenish Institute for Environmental Research at the University of Cologne, Cologne (M.M.), Germany.
Correspondence to Dr Barbara Hoffmann, Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany. E-mail barbara.hoffmann{at}uk-essen.de
Received February 20, 2007; accepted May 29, 2007.
Background— Long-term exposure to fine-particulate-matter (PM2.5) air pollution may accelerate the development and progression of atherosclerosis. We investigated the associations of long-term residential exposure to traffic and fine particulate matter with the degree of coronary atherosclerosis.
Methods and Results— We used baseline data on 4494 participants (age 45 to 74 years) from the German Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study, a population-based, prospective cohort study that started in 2000. To assess exposure differences, distances between residences and major roads were calculated, and annual fine particulate matter concentrations, derived from a small-scale dispersion model, were assigned to each address. The main outcome was coronary artery calcification (CAC) assessed by electron-beam computed tomography. We evaluated the association between air pollution and CAC with logistic and linear regression analyses, controlling for individual level risk factors of coronary atherosclerosis. Compared with participants living >200 m away from a major road, participants living within 50, 51 to 100, and 101 to 200 m had odds ratios of 1.63 (95% CI, 1.14 to 2.33), 1.34 (95% CI, 1.00 to 1.79), and 1.08 (95% CI, 0.85 to 1.39), respectively, for a high CAC (CAC above the age- and gender-specific 75th percentile). A reduction in the distance between the residence and a major road by half was associated with a 7.0% (95% CI, 0.1 to 14.4) higher CAC. Fine particulate matter exposure was associated with CAC only in subjects who had not been working full-time for at least 5 years.
Conclusions— Long-term residential exposure to high traffic is associated with the degree of coronary atherosclerosis.
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