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(Circulation. 2009;120:1664-1671.)
© 2009 American Heart Association, Inc.

Cardiovascular Surgery

Early On–Cardiopulmonary Bypass Hypotension and Other Factors Associated With Vasoplegic Syndrome

Matthew A. Levin, MD; Hung-Mo Lin, ScD; Javier G. Castillo, MD; David H. Adams, MD; David L. Reich, MD; Gregory W. Fischer, MD

From the Departments of Anesthesiology (M.A.L., H.-M.L., D.L.R., G.W.F.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.G.C., D.H.A., G.W.F.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY.

Correspondence to Gregory W. Fischer, MD, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1010, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, 10029. E-mail Gregory.Fischer{at}mountsinai.org

Received August 13, 2008; accepted August 26, 2009.

Background— Vasoplegic syndrome is a form of vasodilatory shock that can occur after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We hypothesized that the severity and duration of the decline in mean arterial pressure immediately after CPB is begun can be used as a predictor of patients will develop vasoplegia in the immediate post-CPB period and of poor clinical outcome. We quantified the decline in mean arterial pressure by calculating an area above the mean arterial blood pressure curve.

Methods and Results— We retrospectively analyzed 2823 adult cardiac surgery cases performed between July 2002 and December 2006. Of these 2823, 577 (20.4%) were vasoplegic after separation from CPB. We found that 1645 patients (58.3%) had a clinically significant decline in mean arterial pressure after starting CPB (area above the mean arterial blood pressure curve >0) and were significantly more likely to become vasoplegic (23.0% versus 16.9%; odds ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 1.43; P<0.001). These patients were also far more likely either to die in hospital or to have a length of stay >10 days (odds ratio, 3.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.44 to 7.57; P=0.005). Additional risk factors for developing vasoplegia that were identified included the additive euroSCORE, procedure type, prebypass mean arterial pressure, length of bypass, administration of pre-CPB vasopressors, core temperature on CPB, pre- and post-CPB hematocrit, the preoperative use of β-blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and the intraoperative use of aprotinin.

Conclusions— The results of this investigation suggest that it is possible to predict vasoplegia intraoperatively before separation from CPB and that the presence of a clinically significant area above the mean arterial blood pressure curve serves as a predictor of poor clinical outcome.

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Clinical Summaries
Circulation 2009 120: 1647-1648. [Extract] [Full Text]