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(Circulation. 1959;20:1053.)
© 1959 American Heart Association, Inc.

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Gallop Rhythm of the Heart

II. Quadruple Rhythm and its Relation to Summation and Augmented Gallops

JOSEPH GRAYZEL M.D.¹

¹ From the Departments of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, N.C., and New York University College of Medicine, New York, N.Y.

The 2 fundamental types of gallop are ventricular gallop and atrial gallop. Adequate cardiac acceleration modifies these gallops and may produce a summation gallop, an augmented ventricular gallop, or an augmented atrial gallop. The summation and augmented gallops were examined and their relation to the 2 fundamental gallops was quantitated. The cardiac rate at which summation and augmentation occur is unique. A graph and 2 corresponding equations were derived which relate the summation cardiac rate and corresponding cycle length to familiar electrocardiographic and phonocardiographic intervals.