This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by RYTAND, D. A. Articles by PROFANT, G. R. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by RYTAND, D. A. Articles by PROFANT, G. R.

(Circulation. 1966;34:111.)
© 1966 American Heart Association, Inc.

---

Simple Optical Methods for the Recognition of Atrial Flutter, Especially at Slow Atrial Rates

DAVID A. RYTAND M.D.¹; ARTHUR FRANK M.D.¹; GENE R. PROFANT M.D.¹

¹ From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.

Simple optical methods, particularly the use of a cylindrical lens, are described which facilitate the examination of electrocardiograms and the differentiation of atrial flutter from atrial tachycardia with block. Results of utilizing the methods indicate that what may seem to be an isoelectric line of the latter is sometimes but an optical illusion, especially at slow atrial rates. Continuous atrial electrical activity of flutter has been detected at atrial rates as slow as 88 per minute. Some of these findings are relevant to certain considerations on the mechanisms of atrial arrhythmias.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				K.C. Malhotra, R.K. Arya, S.N. Chugh, and B.B. Singla Status of Platelets in Complicated and Uncomplicated Diabetes Mellitus Angiology, June 1, 1982; 33(6): 410 - 417. [Abstract] [PDF]