Circulation, Vol 67, 968-977, Copyright © 1983 by American Heart Association
HB Hubert, M Feinleib, PM McNamara and WP Castelli
The relationship between the degree of obesity and the incidence of
cardiovascular disease (CVD) was reexamined in the 5209 men and women of
the original Framingham cohort. Recent observations of disease occurrence
over 26 years indicate that obesity, measured by Metropolitan Relative
Weight, was a significant independent predictor of CVD, particularly among
women. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that Metropolitan
Relative Weight, or percentage of desirable weight, on initial examination
predicted 26-year incidence of coronary disease (both angina and coronary
disease other than angina), coronary death and congestive heart failure in
men independent of age, cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, cigarettes,
left ventricular hypertrophy and glucose intolerance. Relative weight in
women was also positively and independently associated with coronary
disease, stroke, congestive failure, and coronary and CVD death. These data
further show that weight gain after the young adult years conveyed an
increased risk of CVD in both sexes that could not be attributed either to
the initial weight or the levels of the risk factors that may have resulted
from weight gain. Intervention in obesity, in addition to the well
established risk factors, appears to be an advisable goal in the primary
prevention of CVD.
ARTICLES
Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26- year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  F. Natale, M. A. Tedesco, R. Mocerino, V. de Simone, G. M. Di Marco, L. Aronne, M. Credendino, C. Siniscalchi, P. Calabro, M. Cotrufo, et al. Visceral adiposity and arterial stiffness: echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness reflects, better than waist circumference, carotid arterial stiffness in a large population of hypertensives Eur J Echocardiogr, June 1, 2009; 10(4): 549 - 555. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. J. Lavie, R. V. Milani, and H. O. Ventura Obesity and cardiovascular disease: risk factor, paradox, and impact of weight loss. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 26, 2009; 53(21): 1925 - 1932. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Lieb, L. M. Sullivan, T. B. Harris, R. Roubenoff, E. J. Benjamin, D. Levy, C. S. Fox, T. J. Wang, P. W. Wilson, W. B. Kannel, et al. Plasma Leptin Levels and Incidence of Heart Failure, Cardiovascular Disease, and Total Mortality in Elderly Individuals Diabetes Care, April 1, 2009; 32(4): 612 - 616. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 U G Longo, F Franceschi, L Ruzzini, F Spiezia, N Maffulli, and V Denaro Higher fasting plasma glucose levels within the normoglycaemic range and rotator cuff tears Br. J. Sports Med., April 1, 2009; 43(4): 284 - 287. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. S. Fox, P. Gona, U. Hoffmann, S. A. Porter, C. J. Salton, J. M. Massaro, D. Levy, M. G. Larson, R. B. D'Agostino Sr, C. J. O'Donnell, et al. Pericardial Fat, Intrathoracic Fat, and Measures of Left Ventricular Structure and Function: The Framingham Heart Study Circulation, March 31, 2009; 119(12): 1586 - 1591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C.-Y. Wang, H.-H. Kim, Y. Hiroi, N. Sawada, S. Salomone, L. E. Benjamin, K. Walsh, M. A. Moskowitz, and J. K. Liao Obesity Increases Vascular Senescence and Susceptibility to Ischemic Injury Through Chronic Activation of Akt and mTOR Sci. Signal., March 17, 2009; 2(62): ra11 - ra11. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Hursel and M. S Westerterp-Plantenga Green tea catechin plus caffeine supplementation to a high-protein diet has no additional effect on body weight maintenance after weight loss Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2009; 89(3): 822 - 830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Steinberger, S. R. Daniels, R. H. Eckel, L. Hayman, R. H. Lustig, B. McCrindle, and M. L. Mietus-Snyder Progress and Challenges in Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in the Young Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Circulation, February 3, 2009; 119(4): 628 - 647. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Stroebele, J. M. de Castro, J. Stuht, V. Catenacci, H. R. Wyatt, and J. O. Hill A Small-Changes Approach Reduces Energy Intake in Free-Living Humans J. Am. Coll. Nutr., February 1, 2009; 28(1): 63 - 68. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Winter, S. Rohrmann, J. Linseisen, O. Lanczik, P. A. Ringleb, J. Hebebrand, and T. Back Contribution of Obesity and Abdominal Fat Mass to Risk of Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attacks Stroke, December 1, 2008; 39(12): 3145 - 3151. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Mathew, L. Francis, A. Kayalar, and J. Cone Obesity: Effects on Cardiovascular Disease and its Diagnosis J Am Board Fam Med, November 1, 2008; 21(6): 562 - 568. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Sam, S. Haffner, M. H. Davidson, R. B. D'Agostino Sr., S. Feinstein, G. Kondos, A. Perez, and T. Mazzone Relationship of Abdominal Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue With Lipoprotein Particle Number and Size in Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes, August 1, 2008; 57(8): 2022 - 2027. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. K. Kumanyika, E. Obarzanek, N. Stettler, R. Bell, A. E. Field, S. P. Fortmann, B. A. Franklin, M. W. Gillman, C. E. Lewis, W. C. Poston II, et al. Population-Based Prevention of Obesity: The Need for Comprehensive Promotion of Healthful Eating, Physical Activity, and Energy Balance: A Scientific Statement From American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Interdisciplinary Committee for Prevention (Formerly the Expert Panel on Population and Prevention Science) Circulation, July 22, 2008; 118(4): 428 - 464. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. W. Harsha and G. A. Bray Weight Loss and Blood Pressure Control (Pro) Hypertension, June 1, 2008; 51(6): 1420 - 1425. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. D. Schocken, E. J. Benjamin, G. C. Fonarow, H. M. Krumholz, D. Levy, G. A. Mensah, J. Narula, E. S. Shor, J. B. Young, and Y. Hong Prevention of Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Councils on Epidemiology and Prevention, Clinical Cardiology, Cardiovascular Nursing, and High Blood Pressure Research; Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group; and Functional Genomics and Translational Biology Interdisciplinary Working Group Circulation, May 13, 2008; 117(19): 2544 - 2565. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. E. Nissen, S. J. Nicholls, K. Wolski, J. Rodes-Cabau, C. P. Cannon, J. E. Deanfield, J.-P. Despres, J. J. P. Kastelein, S. R. Steinhubl, S. Kapadia, et al. Effect of Rimonabant on Progression of Atherosclerosis in Patients With Abdominal Obesity and Coronary Artery Disease: The STRADIVARIUS Randomized Controlled Trial JAMA, April 2, 2008; 299(13): 1547 - 1560. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. S. Fox, M. J. Pencina, R. B. D'Agostino, J. M. Murabito, E. W. Seely, E. N. Pearce, and R. S. Vasan Relations of Thyroid Function to Body Weight: Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Observations in a Community-Based Sample Arch Intern Med, March 24, 2008; 168(6): 587 - 592. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. C. McGill Jr, C. A. McMahan, and S. S. Gidding Preventing Heart Disease in the 21st Century: Implications of the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) Study Circulation, March 4, 2008; 117(9): 1216 - 1227. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Zhou, A. Offer, G. Yang, M. Smith, G. Hui, G. Whitlock, R. Collins, Z. Huang, R. Peto, and Z. Chen Body Mass Index, Blood Pressure, and Mortality From Stroke: A Nationally Representative Prospective Study of 212 000 Chinese Men Stroke, March 1, 2008; 39(3): 753 - 759. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. T. Sturman, C. F. M. de Leon, J. L. Bienias, M. C. Morris, R. S. Wilson, and D. A. Evans Body mass index and cognitive decline in a biracial community population Neurology, January 29, 2008; 70(5): 360 - 367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. E. Abell, B. M. Egan, P. W.F. Wilson, S. Lipsitz, R. F. Woolson, and D. T. Lackland Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Associated With Body Mass Between Black and White Persons Am J Public Health, January 1, 2008; 98(1): 63 - 66. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. T. Kearney, E. R. Duncan, M. Kahn, and S. B. Wheatcroft Insulin resistance and endothelial cell dysfunction: studies in mammalian models Exp Physiol, January 1, 2008; 93(1): 158 - 163. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. S. Vlachos, A. Hatziioannou, A. Perelas, and D. N. Perrea Sonographic Assessment of Regional Adiposity Am. J. Roentgenol., December 1, 2007; 189(6): 1545 - 1553. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Schindler Review: The metabolic syndrome as an endocrine disease: is there an effective pharmacotherapeutic strategy optimally targeting the pathogenesis? Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, October 1, 2007; 1(1): 7 - 26. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. M. Kilbourne, J. S. Brar, R. A. Drayer, X. Xu, and E. P. Post Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolic Risk Factors in Male Patients With Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Bipolar Disorder Psychosomatics, October 1, 2007; 48(5): 412 - 417. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. J. Rodearmel, H. R. Wyatt, N. Stroebele, S. M. Smith, L. G. Ogden, and J. O. Hill Small Changes in Dietary Sugar and Physical Activity as an Approach to Preventing Excessive Weight Gain: The America on the Move Family Study Pediatrics, October 1, 2007; 120(4): e869 - e879. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. C. Pinder, Z. Duan, J. S. Goodwin, G. N. Hortobagyi, and S. H. Giordano Congestive Heart Failure in Older Women Treated With Adjuvant Anthracycline Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., September 1, 2007; 25(25): 3808 - 3815. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. E. Inouye, H. Shi, J. K. Howard, C. H. Daly, G. M. Lord, B. J. Rollins, and J. S. Flier Absence of CC Chemokine Ligand 2 Does Not Limit Obesity-Associated Infiltration of Macrophages Into Adipose Tissue Diabetes, September 1, 2007; 56(9): 2242 - 2250. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Sjostrom, K. Narbro, C. D. Sjostrom, K. Karason, B. Larsson, H. Wedel, T. Lystig, M. Sullivan, C. Bouchard, B. Carlsson, et al. Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Mortality in Swedish Obese Subjects N. Engl. J. Med., August 23, 2007; 357(8): 741 - 752. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. D. Lopaschuk, C. D.L. Folmes, and W. C. Stanley Cardiac Energy Metabolism in Obesity Circ. Res., August 17, 2007; 101(4): 335 - 347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Marini, E. Succurro, S. Frontoni, M. L. Hribal, F. Andreozzi, R. Lauro, F. Perticone, and G. Sesti Metabolically Healthy but Obese Women Have an Intermediate Cardiovascular Risk Profile Between Healthy Nonobese Women and Obese Insulin-Resistant Women Diabetes Care, August 1, 2007; 30(8): 2145 - 2147. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. R. Subauste and C. F. Burant Role of FoxO1 in FFA-induced oxidative stress in adipocytes Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2007; 293(1): E159 - E164. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A.H. Barnett, P. Mackin, I. Chaudhry, A. Farooqi, R. Gadsby, A. Heald, J. Hill, H. Millar, R. Peveler, A. Rees, et al. Minimising metabolic and cardiovascular risk in schizophrenia: diabetes, obesity and dyslipidaemia J Psychopharmacol, June 1, 2007; 21(4): 357 - 373. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W.-S. Chow, B. M.Y. Cheung, A. W.K. Tso, A. Xu, N. M.S. Wat, C. H.Y. Fong, L. H.Y. Ong, S. Tam, K. C.B. Tan, E. D. Janus, et al. Hypoadiponectinemia as a Predictor for the Development of Hypertension: A 5-Year Prospective Study Hypertension, June 1, 2007; 49(6): 1455 - 1461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. W. Jones, M. Haykowsky, C. J. Peddle, A. A. Joy, E. N. Pituskin, L. M. Tkachuk, K. S. Courneya, D. J. Slamon, and J. R. Mackey Cardiovascular Risk Profile of Patients with HER2/neu-Positive Breast Cancer Treated with Anthracycline-Taxane-Containing Adjuvant Chemotherapy and/or Trastuzumab Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2007; 16(5): 1026 - 1031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. E. Silver, S. D. Beske, D. D. Christou, A. J. Donato, K. L. Moreau, I. Eskurza, P. E. Gates, and D. R. Seals Overweight and Obese Humans Demonstrate Increased Vascular Endothelial NAD(P)H Oxidase-p47phox Expression and Evidence of Endothelial Oxidative Stress Circulation, February 6, 2007; 115(5): 627 - 637. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. L. Haheim, S. Tonstad, I. Hjermann, P. Leren, and I. Holme Predictiveness of body mass index for fatal coronary heart disease in men according to length of follow-up: A 21-year prospective cohort study Scand J Public Health, January 1, 2007; 35(1): 4 - 10. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D S Celermajer and J. G J Ayer Childhood risk factors for adult cardiovascular disease and primary prevention in childhood. Heart, November 1, 2006; 92(11): 1701 - 1706. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. S Rogers, A. R Ness, C. D Steer, J. C. Wells, P. M Emmett, J. R Reilly, J. Tobias, and G. D. Smith Associations of size at birth and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measures of lean and fat mass at 9 to 10 y of age. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2006; 84(4): 739 - 747. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Cavusoglu, C. Ruwende, V. Chopra, S. Yanamadala, C. Eng, L. T. Clark, D. J. Pinsky, and J. D. Marmur Adiponectin is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, and myocardial infarction in patients presenting with chest pain Eur. Heart J., October 1, 2006; 27(19): 2300 - 2309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Lund Haheim, P.G. Lund Larsen, A.J. Sogaard, and I. Holme Risk factors associated with body mass index increase in men at 28 years follow-up QJM, October 1, 2006; 99(10): 665 - 671. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. G.E. Zarraga and E. R. Schwarz Impact of Dietary Patterns and Interventions on Cardiovascular Health Circulation, August 29, 2006; 114(9): 961 - 973. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Lamounier-Zepter, M. Ehrhart-Bornstein, P. Karczewski, H. Haase, S. R. Bornstein, and I. Morano Human adipocytes attenuate cardiomyocyte contraction: characterization of an adipocyte-derived negative inotropic activity FASEB J, August 1, 2006; 20(10): 1653 - 1659. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. L Williams, P. J Chowienczyk, S. B Wheatcroft, A. G Patel, R. A Sherwood, A. M Shah, and M. T Kearney Divergent effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on blood pressure and endothelial function in obese humans Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, May 1, 2006; 3(1): 34 - 38. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Taneli, S. Yegane, C. Ulman, H. Tikiz, A. R. Bilge, Z. Ari, and B. S. Uyanik Increased Serum Leptin Concentrations in Patients with Chronic Stable Angina Pectoris and ST-Elevated Myocardial Infarction Angiology, May 1, 2006; 57(3): 267 - 272. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Poirier, T. D. Giles, G. A. Bray, Y. Hong, J. S. Stern, F. X. Pi-Sunyer, and R. H. Eckel Obesity and cardiovascular disease: pathophysiology, evaluation, and effect of weight loss. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., May 1, 2006; 26(5): 968 - 976. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Lo, S. E. Dolan, J. R. Kanter, L. C. Hemphill, J. M. Connelly, R. S. Lees, and S. K. Grinspoon Effects of Obesity, Body Composition, and Adiponectin on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Healthy Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2006; 91(5): 1677 - 1682. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. H. Wigfield, J. D. Lindsey, A. Munoz, P. S. Chopra, N. M. Edwards, and R. B. Love Is extreme obesity a risk factor for cardiac surgery? An analysis of patients with a BMI>/=40. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., April 1, 2006; 29(4): 434 - 440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. E. Safar, S. Czernichow, and J. Blacher Obesity, Arterial Stiffness, and Cardiovascular Risk J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., April 1, 2006; 17(4_suppl_2): S109 - S111. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Mora, I-M. Lee, J. E. Buring, and P. M Ridker Association of Physical Activity and Body Mass Index With Novel and Traditional Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Women JAMA, March 22, 2006; 295(12): 1412 - 1419. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Poirier, T. D. Giles, G. A. Bray, Y. Hong, J. S. Stern, F. X. Pi-Sunyer, and R. H. Eckel Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Effect of Weight Loss: An Update of the 1997 American Heart Association Scientific Statement on Obesity and Heart Disease From the Obesity Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Circulation, February 14, 2006; 113(6): 898 - 918. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z. Chen, G. Yang, M. Zhou, M. Smith, A. Offer, J. Ma, L. Wang, H. Pan, G. Whitlock, R. Collins, et al. Body mass index and mortality from ischaemic heart disease in a lean population: 10 year prospective study of 220 000 adult men Int. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2006; 35(1): 141 - 150. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Novak, C. M. Kotz, and J. A. Levine Central orexin sensitivity, physical activity, and obesity in diet-induced obese and diet-resistant rats Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, February 1, 2006; 290(2): E396 - E403. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Bionda, C. Bergerot, D. Ardail, C. Rodriguez-Lafrasse, and R. Rousson Plasma BNP and NT-proBNP Assays by Automated Immunoanalyzers: Analytical and Clinical Study Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci., January 1, 2006; 36(3): 299 - 306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N.F. Murphy, K. MacIntyre, S. Stewart, C.L. Hart, D. Hole, and J.J.V. McMurray Long-term cardiovascular consequences of obesity: 20-year follow-up of more than 15 000 middle-aged men and women (the Renfrew-Paisley study) Eur. Heart J., January 1, 2006; 27(1): 96 - 106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Tatli, M. Yildiz, C. Gul, A. Birsin, E. Karahasanoglu, F. Ozcelik, and G. Ozbay Effect of Obesity on Coronary Collateral Vessel Development in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Angiology, November 1, 2005; 56(6): 657 - 661. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S. Fox, Q. Yang, L. A. Cupples, C.-Y. Guo, L. D. Atwood, J. M. Murabito, D. Levy, M. E. Mendelsohn, D. E. Housman, and A. M. Shearman Sex-Specific Association between Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} Gene Variation and Measures of Adiposity: The Framingham Heart Study J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2005; 90(11): 6257 - 6262. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Thomas, K. Bean, B. Pannier, J.-M. Oppert, L. Guize, and A. Benetos Cardiovascular Mortality in Overweight Subjects: The Key Role of Associated Risk Factors Hypertension, October 1, 2005; 46(4): 654 - 659. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S Zukauskaite, D Lasiene, L Lasas, B Urbonaite, and P Hindmarsh Onset of breast and pubic hair development in 1231 preadolescent Lithuanian schoolgirls Arch. Dis. Child., September 1, 2005; 90(9): 932 - 936. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Sagstuen, N. Aass, S.D. Fossa, O. Dahl, O. Klepp, E.A. Wist, T. Wilsgaard, and R.M. Bremnes Blood Pressure and Body Mass Index in Long-Term Survivors of Testicular Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., August 1, 2005; 23(22): 4980 - 4990. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. C. Stanley, F. A. Recchia, and G. D. Lopaschuk Myocardial Substrate Metabolism in the Normal and Failing Heart Physiol Rev, July 1, 2005; 85(3): 1093 - 1129. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Y. Liu, A. M. Xydakis, R. C. Hoogeveen, P. H. Jones, E. O. Smith, K. W. Nelson, and C. M. Ballantyne Multiplexed Analysis of Biomarkers Related to Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome in Human Plasma, Using the Luminex-100 System Clin. Chem., July 1, 2005; 51(7): 1102 - 1109. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Jin, G. L. Grunkemeier, A. P. Furnary, J. R. Handy Jr, and for the Providence Health System Cardiovascular St Is Obesity a Risk Factor for Mortality in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery? Circulation, June 28, 2005; 111(25): 3359 - 3365. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S. Fox, N. L. Heard-Costa, R. S. Vasan, J. M. Murabito, R. B. D'Agostino Sr., and L. D. Atwood Genomewide Linkage Analysis of Weight Change in the Framingham Heart Study J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2005; 90(6): 3197 - 3201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. C. W. Lau, B. Dhillon, H. Yan, P. E. Szmitko, and S. Verma Adipokines: molecular links between obesity and atheroslcerosis Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2005; 288(5): H2031 - H2041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Mora, L. R. Yanek, T. F. Moy, M. D. Fallin, L. C. Becker, and D. M. Becker Interaction of Body Mass Index and Framingham Risk Score in Predicting Incident Coronary Disease in Families Circulation, April 19, 2005; 111(15): 1871 - 1876. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. de Simone, K. Wachtell, V. Palmieri, D. A. Hille, G. Beevers, B. Dahlof, U. de Faire, F. Fyhrquist, H. Ibsen, S. Julius, et al. Body Build and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Hypertension and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: The LIFE (Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension) Study Circulation, April 19, 2005; 111(15): 1924 - 1931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Rega, C. Kaun, T.W. Weiss, S. Demyanets, G. Zorn, S.P. Kastl, S. Steiner, D. Seidinger, C.W. Kopp, M. Frey, et al. Inflammatory Cytokines Interleukin-6 and Oncostatin M Induce Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in Human Adipose Tissue Circulation, April 19, 2005; 111(15): 1938 - 1945. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Kurth, J. M. Gaziano, K. M. Rexrode, C. S. Kase, N. R. Cook, J. E. Manson, and J. E. Buring Prospective Study of Body Mass Index and Risk of Stroke in Apparently Healthy Women Circulation, April 19, 2005; 111(15): 1992 - 1998. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. T. Noronha, J.-M. Li, S. B. Wheatcroft, A. M. Shah, and M. T. Kearney Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Has Divergent Effects on Vascular and Metabolic Function in Obesity Diabetes, April 1, 2005; 54(4): 1082 - 1089. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Franco, J. Brandberg, L. Lonn, B. Andersson, B.-A. Bengtsson, and G. Johannsson Growth Hormone Treatment Reduces Abdominal Visceral Fat in Postmenopausal Women with Abdominal Obesity: A 12-Month Placebo-Controlled Trial J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2005; 90(3): 1466 - 1474. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Eilat-Adar, M. Eldar, and U. Goldbourt Association of Intentional Changes in Body Weight with Coronary Heart Disease Event Rates in Overweight Subjects Who Have an Additional Coronary Risk Factor Am. J. Epidemiol., February 15, 2005; 161(4): 352 - 358. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S G. Wannamethee, A G. Shaper, and M. Walker Overweight and obesity and weight change in middle aged men: impact on cardiovascular disease and diabetes J Epidemiol Community Health, February 1, 2005; 59(2): 134 - 139. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Daviglus, K. Liu, L. L. Yan, A. Pirzada, L. Manheim, W. Manning, D. B. Garside, R. Wang, A. R. Dyer, P. Greenland, et al. Relation of Body Mass Index in Young Adulthood and Middle Age to Medicare Expenditures in Older Age JAMA, December 8, 2004; 292(22): 2743 - 2749. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H. Bates, T. A. Dundon, M. Seifert, M. Carlson, E. Maratos-Flier, and M. G. Myers Jr LRb-STAT3 Signaling Is Required for the Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Expenditure by Leptin Diabetes, December 1, 2004; 53(12): 3067 - 3073. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Jood, C. Jern, L. Wilhelmsen, and A. Rosengren Body Mass Index in Mid-Life Is Associated With a First Stroke in Men: A Prospective Population Study Over 28 Years Stroke, December 1, 2004; 35(12): 2764 - 2769. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. Widlansky, H. D. Sesso, K. M. Rexrode, J. E. Manson, and J. M. Gaziano Body Mass Index and Total and Cardiovascular Mortality in Men With a History of Cardiovascular Disease Arch Intern Med, November 22, 2004; 164(21): 2326 - 2332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Y. Wong, T. O'Moore-Sullivan, R. Leano, N. Byrne, E. Beller, and T. H. Marwick Alterations of Left Ventricular Myocardial Characteristics Associated With Obesity Circulation, November 9, 2004; 110(19): 3081 - 3087. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. T. de Jongh, E. H. Serne, R. G. IJzerman, G. de Vries, and C. D.A. Stehouwer Free Fatty Acid Levels Modulate Microvascular Function: Relevance for Obesity-Associated Insulin Resistance, Hypertension, and Microangiopathy Diabetes, November 1, 2004; 53(11): 2873 - 2882. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. E. Wisse The Inflammatory Syndrome: The Role of Adipose Tissue Cytokines in Metabolic Disorders Linked to Obesity J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., November 1, 2004; 15(11): 2792 - 2800. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Chiquette, G. Ramirez, and R. DeFronzo A Meta-analysis Comparing the Effect of Thiazolidinediones on Cardiovascular Risk Factors Arch Intern Med, October 25, 2004; 164(19): 2097 - 2104. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A. Brownley, K. C. Light, K. M. Grewen, E. E. Bragdon, A. L. Hinderliter, and S. G. West Postprandial Ghrelin Is Elevated in Black Compared with White Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2004; 89(9): 4457 - 4463. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. L. Neville, C. V. R. Brown, J. Weng, D. Demetriades, and G. C. Velmahos Obesity Is an Independent Risk Factor of Mortality in Severely Injured Blunt Trauma Patients Arch Surg, September 1, 2004; 139(9): 983 - 987. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Eyre, R. Kahn, R. M. Robertson, and and the ACS/ADA/AHA Collaborative Writing Committe Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association Stroke, August 1, 2004; 35(8): 1999 - 2010. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. L. S. Visscher, A. Rissanen, J. C. Seidell, M. Heliovaara, P. Knekt, A. Reunanen, and A. Aromaa Obesity and Unhealthy Life-Years in Adult Finns: An Empirical Approach Arch Intern Med, July 12, 2004; 164(13): 1413 - 1420. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P G Kopelman and C Grace New thoughts on managing obesity Gut, July 1, 2004; 53(7): 1044 - 1053. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Eyre, R. Kahn, R. M. Robertson, and the ACS/ADA/AHA Collaborative Writing Committe, N. G. Clark, C. Doyle, T. Gansler, T. Glynn, Y. Hong, R. A. Smith, et al. Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association CA Cancer J Clin, July 1, 2004; 54(4): 190 - 207. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Eyre, R. Kahn, and R. M. Robertson Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A common agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association Diabetes Care, July 1, 2004; 27(7): 1812 - 1824. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Eyre, R. Kahn, R. M. Robertson, the ACS/ADA/AHA Collaborative Writing Committee, ACS/ADA/AHA Collaborative Writing Committee Member, N. G. Clark, C. Doyle, Y. Hong, T. Gansler, T. Glynn, et al. Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association Circulation, June 29, 2004; 109(25): 3244 - 3255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. T. de Jongh, E. H. Serne, R. G. IJzerman, G. de Vries, and C. D.A. Stehouwer Impaired Microvascular Function in Obesity: Implications for Obesity-Associated Microangiopathy, Hypertension, and Insulin Resistance Circulation, June 1, 2004; 109(21): 2529 - 2535. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Mehra, P. A. Uber, M. H. Park, R. L. Scott, H. O. Ventura, B. C. Harris, and E. D. Frohlich Obesity and suppressed B-type natriuretic peptide levels in heart failure J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 5, 2004; 43(9): 1590 - 1595. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. M. Wendelboe, K. T. Hegmann, L. H. Gren, S. C. Alder, G. L. White Jr., and J. L. Lyon Associations Between Body-Mass Index and Surgery for Rotator Cuff Tendinitis J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., April 1, 2004; 86(4): 743 - 747. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. L Pelkman, V. K Fishell, D. H Maddox, T. A Pearson, D. T Mauger, and P. M Kris-Etherton Effects of moderate-fat (from monounsaturated fat) and low-fat weight-loss diets on the serum lipid profile in overweight and obese men and women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2004; 79(2): 204 - 212. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Freedland, W. J. Aronson, C. J. Kane, J. C. Presti Jr, C. L. Amling, D. Elashoff, and M. K. Terris Impact of Obesity on Biochemical Control After Radical Prostatectomy for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: A Report by the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital Database Study Group J. Clin. Oncol., February 1, 2004; 22(3): 446 - 453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. De Bacquer, G. De Backer, D. Cokkinos, U. Keil, M. Montaye, E. Ostor, K. Pyorala, S. Sans, and for the EUROASPIRE II Study Group Overweight and obesity in patients with established coronary heart disease: Are we meeting the challenge? Eur. Heart J., January 2, 2004; 25(2): 121 - 128. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|