Circulation, Vol 80, 198-205, Copyright © 1989 by American Heart Association
JT Willerson, P Golino, J Eidt, WB Campbell and LM Buja
We have speculated previously that the abrupt conversion from chronic
stable to unstable angina and the continuum to acute myocardial infarction
may result from myocardial ischemia caused by progressive platelet
aggregation and dynamic vasoconstriction themselves caused by local
increases in thromboxane and serotonin at sites of coronary artery stenosis
and endothelial injury. Platelet aggregation and dynamic coronary artery
vasoconstriction probably result from the local accumulation of thromboxane
and serotonin and also relative decreases in the local concentrations of
endothelially derived vasodilators and inhibitors of platelet aggregation,
such as endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) and prostacyclin. With
severe reductions in coronary blood flow caused by these mechanisms,
platelet aggregates may increase, and an occlusive thrombus composed of
platelets and white and red blood cells in a fibrin mesh may develop. When
coronary arteries are occluded or narrowed for a sufficient period of time
by these mechanisms, myocardial necrosis, electrical instability, or sudden
death may occur. We believe that unstable angina and acute myocardial
infarction are a continuum in relation to the process of coronary artery
thrombosis and vasoconstriction. When the period of platelet aggregation or
dynamic vasoconstriction at sites of endothelial injury and coronary artery
stenosis is brief, unstable angina or non-Q wave infarction may occur.
However, when the coronary artery obstruction by these mechanisms is
prolonged for several hours, Q wave myocardial infarction results. Chronic
endothelial injury and coronary artery stenosis are probably associated
with the accumulation of platelets, white and red blood cells, and a fibrin
mesh at the site of stenosis and endothelial injury.
ARTICLES
Specific platelet mediators and unstable coronary artery lesions. Experimental evidence and potential clinical implications
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9047.
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G. G. Neri Serneri, D. Prisco, F. Martini, A. Gori, T. Brunelli, L. Poggesi, C. Rostagno, G. F. Gensini, and R. Abbate Acute T-Cell Activation Is Detectable in Unstable Angina Circulation, April 1, 1997; 95(7): 1806 - 1812. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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T. Ueyama, H. Ikeda, N. Haramaki, K. Kuwano, and T. Imaizumi Effects of Monoclonal Antibody to P-Selectin and Analogue of Sialyl Lewis X on Cyclic Flow Variations in Stenosed and Endothelium-Injured Canine Coronary Arteries Circulation, March 18, 1997; 95(6): 1554 - 1559. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J.-P. Valentin, S. Vieu, F. Bertolino, P. Fauré, and G. W. John Differential Involvement of Serotonin 2A/C and Thromboxane A2/Prostanoid Receptors in High- vs. Low-Shear Rate Arterial Thrombosis in Rabbits J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., February 1, 1997; 280(2): 761 - 769. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S. P. Schulman, P. J. Goldschmidt-Clermont, E. J. Topol, R. M. Califf, F. I. Navetta, J. T. Willerson, N. C. Chandra, A. D. Guerci, J. J. Ferguson, R. A. Harrington, et al. Effects of Integrelin, a Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Antagonist, in Unstable Angina: A Randomized Multicenter Trial Circulation, November 1, 1996; 94(9): 2083 - 2089. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. T. Willerson Inhibitors of Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptors: Will They Be Useful When Given Chronically? Circulation, September 1, 1996; 94(5): 866 - 868. [Full Text]
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T. Kadokami, K. Egashira, K. Kuwata, Y. Fukumoto, T. Kozai, H. Yasutake, T. Kuga, H. Shimokawa, K. Sueishi, and A. Takeshita Altered Serotonin Receptor Subtypes Mediate Coronary Microvascular Hyperreactivityin Pigs With Chronic Inhibitionof Nitric Oxide Synthesis Circulation, July 15, 1996; 94(2): 182 - 189. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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N. Maalej and J. D. Folts Increased Shear Stress Overcomes the Antithrombotic Platelet Inhibitory Effect of Aspirin in Stenosed Dog Coronary Arteries Circulation, March 15, 1996; 93(6): 1201 - 1205. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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C. W. White Simplicity's Virtue Scorned : Precision Comes to TIMI Flow Grading and the Results Are . . . Surprising Circulation, March 1, 1996; 93(5): 853 - 856. [Full Text]
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M. Gawaz, F.-J. Neumann, I. Ott, A. Schiessler, and A. Schomig Platelet Function in Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated With Direct Angioplasty Circulation, January 15, 1996; 93(2): 229 - 237. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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L. G. Frederick, O. D. Suleymanov, L. W. King, A. K. Salyers, N. S. Nicholson, and L. P. Feigen The Protective Dose of the Potent GPIIb/IIIa Antagonist SC-54701A Is Reduced When Used in Combination With Aspirin and Heparin in a Canine Model of Coronary Artery Thrombosis Circulation, January 1, 1996; 93(1): 129 - 134. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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L. Lacoste, J. Y.T. Lam, J. Hung, G. Letchacovski, C. B. Solymoss, and D. Waters Hyperlipidemia and Coronary Disease : Correction of the Increased Thrombogenic Potential With Cholesterol Reduction Circulation, December 1, 1995; 92(11): 3172 - 3177. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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H. Ikeda, Y. Takajo, K. Ichiki, T. Ueno, S. Maki, T. Noda, K. Sugi, and T. Imaizumi Increased Soluble Form of P-Selectin in Patients With Unstable Angina Circulation, October 1, 1995; 92(7): 1693 - 1696. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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E. Falk, P. K. Shah, and V. Fuster Coronary Plaque Disruption Circulation, August 1, 1995; 92(3): 657 - 671. [Full Text]
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H. W. Mueller, C. A. Haught, J. M. McNatt, K. Cui, S. J. Gaskell, D. A. Johnston, and J. T. Willerson Measurement of Platelet-Activating Factor in a Canine Model of Coronary Thrombosis and in Endarterectomy Samples From Patients With Advanced Coronary Artery Disease Circ. Res., July 1, 1995; 77(1): 54 - 63. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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P. Theroux Angiographic and Clinical Progression in Unstable Angina : From Clinical Observations to Clinical Trials Circulation, May 1, 1995; 91(9): 2295 - 2298. [Full Text]
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J. A. Berliner, M. Navab, A. M. Fogelman, J. S. Frank, L. L. Demer, P. A. Edwards, A. D. Watson, and A. J. Lusis Atherosclerosis: Basic Mechanisms : Oxidation, Inflammation, and Genetics Circulation, May 1, 1995; 91(9): 2488 - 2496. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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F. Leya, J. Fareed, and J. Walenga Acute Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and Management Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, March 1, 1995; 1(2): 160 - 165. [Abstract] [PDF]
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A. M. Zeiher, H. Goebel, V. Schachinger, and C. Ihling Tissue Endothelin-1 Immunoreactivity in the Active Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque : A Clue to the Mechanism of Increased Vasoreactivity of the Culprit Lesion in Unstable Angina Circulation, February 15, 1995; 91(4): 941 - 947. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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B. H. Annex, S. M. Denning, K. M. Channon, M. H. Sketch Jr, R. S. Stack, J. H. Morrissey, and K. G. Peters Differential Expression of Tissue Factor Protein in Directional Atherectomy Specimens From Patients With Stable and Unstable Coronary Syndromes Circulation, February 1, 1995; 91(3): 619 - 622. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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The EPIC Investigators Use of a Monoclonal Antibody Directed against the Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor in High-Risk Coronary Angioplasty N. Engl. J. Med., April 7, 1994; 330(14): 956 - 961. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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P. Golino, F. Piscione, C. R. Benedict, H. V. Anderson, M. Cappelli-Bigazzi, C. Indolfi, M. Condorelli, M. Chiariello, and J. T. Willerson Local Effect of Serotonin Released during Coronary Angioplasty N. Engl. J. Med., February 24, 1994; 330(8): 523 - 528. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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H. V. Anderson and J. T. Willerson Thrombolysis in Acute Myocardial Infarction N. Engl. J. Med., September 2, 1993; 329(10): 703 - 709. [Full Text]
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 Y. Basaran, M.M. Basaran, K.F. Babacan, B. Ener, T. Okay, H. Gok, and M. Ozdemir Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor Levels in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Unstable Angina Pectoris Angiology, April 1, 1993; 44(4): 332 - 337. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. A. Ware and D. D. Heistad Platelet-Endothelium Interactions N. Engl. J. Med., March 4, 1993; 328(9): 628 - 635. [Full Text]
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