Circulation, Vol 81, 297-307, Copyright © 1990 by American Heart Association
R Beyar, EP Shapiro, WL Graves, WJ Rogers, WH Guier, GA Carey, RL Soulen, EA Zerhouni, ML Weisfeldt and JL Weiss
We have developed a method to quantify and map regional wall thickening
throughout the left ventricle (LV) with magnetic resonance imaging. In
contrast to methods that measure planar wall thickness and thickening, this
method uses the three-dimensional (3D) geometry of the left ventricle to
calculate the perpendicular thickness of the wall. We tested this method at
three levels of increasing complexity using 1) phantom studies, 2) in vivo
experiments in dogs with normal cardiac function, and 3) in vivo studies in
dogs during acute ischemia. Experiments were conducted in 15 open-chest
dogs imaged by a 0.38 T iron core magnet. Five short-axis images at end
diastole and end systole were obtained with the spin echo technique by use
of the QRS as a trigger for end diastole and the second heart sound, S2, to
time end systole. After acquisition of preischemic images, acute ischemia
was induced by either coronary artery ligation (n = 5) or intracoronary
dental rubber injection (n = 5), which produced severe transmural ischemia.
By use of computer-aided contouring of the endocardial and epicardial
borders, each image was divided into 16 segments with radial lines
originating from the midwall centroid. A 3D volume element was defined as
that generated by connecting two matched planar segments in two adjacent
image planes. This defined 64 volume elements comprising the entire left
ventricle. Thickness and thickening before and during ischemia were then
calculated by using the planar segments and the 3D volume elements. In
phantom studies, the 3D method was accurate, independent of the angle of
inclination of the image plane to the phantom wall, whereas the planar
method showed considerable overestimation of thickness when the image plane
was oblique to the phantom wall. In the dogs before induction of ischemia,
the 3D method demonstrated the well-established normal taper in
end-diastolic wall thickness from 1.10 +/- 0.02 cm at the base to 1.05 +/-
0.11 cm at the apex (p less than 0.01). By contrast, the planar method did
not detect the decrease in thickness toward the apex (1.13 +/- 0.07 cm at
the base vs. 1.16 +/- 0.14 cm at the apex, p = NS). During acute ischemia,
thickening was calculated by both methods at the center of the ischemic
zone defined by Monastral blue nonstaining and compared with the
preischemic values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
ARTICLES
Quantification and validation of left ventricular wall thickening by a three-dimensional volume element magnetic resonance imaging approach
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
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