Circulation, Vol 81, 491-497, Copyright © 1990 by American Heart Association
JA Vita, CB Treasure, EG Nabel, JM McLenachan, RD Fish, AC Yeung, VI Vekshtein, AP Selwyn and P Ganz
In animals, acetylcholine dilates normal arteries and produces
vasoconstriction in the presence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, or
atherosclerosis, reflecting endothelial cell dysfunction. In patients with
angiographically smooth coronary arteries, acetylcholine has been reported
to produce both vasodilation and constriction. To test the hypothesis that
the acetylcholine response relates to risk factors for coronary artery
disease, acetylcholine 10(-8) to 10(-6) M was infused into the left
anterior descending or circumflex coronary artery, and diameter changes
were assessed with quantitative angiography in 34 patients with
angiographically smooth coronary arteries. The acetylcholine response
ranged from +37% (dilation) to - 53% (constriction) at the peak
acetylcholine dose. All coronary arteries dilated in response to
nitroglycerin (26 +/- 17%), suggesting an abnormality of endothelial
function in the patients with a constrictor response to acetylcholine. By
multiple stepwise regression analysis, serum cholesterol (p less than
0.01), male gender (p less than 0.001), family history (p less than 0.05),
age (p less than 0.05), cholesterol level (p less than 0.01), and total
number of risk factors (p less than 0.0001) were independently associated
with the acetylcholine response. Thus, coronary risk factors are associated
with loss of endothelium-dependent vasodilation. The development of
vasoconstriction is likely to be an abnormality of endothelial function
that precedes atherosclerosis or an early marker of atherosclerosis not
detectable by angiography.
ARTICLES
Coronary vasomotor response to acetylcholine relates to risk factors for coronary artery disease
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
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J. L. Houghton, E. F. Philbin, D. S. Strogatz, M. T. Torosoff, S. A. Fein, P. A. Kuhner, V. E. Smith, and A. A. Carr The presence of African American race predicts improvement in coronary endothelial function after supplementary L-arginine J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 17, 2002; 39(8): 1314 - 1322. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y Fukuda, H Teragawa, K Matsuda, T Yamagata, H Matsuura, and K Chayama Tetrahydrobiopterin restores endothelial function of coronary arteries in patients with hypercholesterolaemia Heart, March 1, 2002; 87(3): 264 - 269. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Pretorius, D. A. Rosenbaum, J. Lefebvre, D. E. Vaughan, and N. J. Brown Smoking Impairs Bradykinin-Stimulated t-PA Release Hypertension, March 1, 2002; 39(3): 767 - 771. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P.M. Vanhoutte Ageing and endothelial dysfunction Eur. Heart J. Suppl., February 1, 2002; 4(suppl_A): A8 - A17. [Abstract] [PDF]
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 S. Simula, E. Vanninen, L. Viitanen, A. Kareinen, S. Lehto, P. Pajunen, M. Syvanne, J. Kuikka, M. Laakso, and J. Hartikainen Cardiac Adrenergic Innervation Is Affected in Asymptomatic Subjects with Very Early Stage of Coronary Artery Disease J. Nucl. Med., January 1, 2002; 43(1): 1 - 7. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M.C. Verhaar, E. Stroes, and T.J. Rabelink Folates and Cardiovascular Disease Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2002; 22(1): 6 - 13. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. B. Wilkinson, I. R. Hall, H. MacCallum, I. S. Mackenzie, C. M. McEniery, B. J. van der Arend, Y.-E. Shu, L. S. MacKay, D. J. Webb, and J. R. Cockcroft Pulse-Wave Analysis: Clinical Evaluation of a Noninvasive, Widely Applicable Method for Assessing Endothelial Function Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2002; 22(1): 147 - 152. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. H. Stein, C. M. Carlsson, K. Papcke-Benson, S. E. Aeschlimann, A. Bodemer, M. Carnes, and P. E. McBride The effects of lipid-lowering and antioxidant vitamin therapies on flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery in older adults with hypercholesterolemia J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 2001; 38(7): 1806 - 1813. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. N. Chan, H. M. Colhoun, and P. Vallance Cardiovascular risk factors as determinants of endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vascular reactivity in the general population J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 2001; 38(7): 1814 - 1820. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 U. Lockowandt and A. Franco-Cereceda Off-pump coronary bypass surgery causes less immediate postoperative coronary endothelial dysfunction compared to on-pump coronary bypass surgery Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., December 1, 2001; 20(6): 1147 - 1151. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Frau Transcutaneous PO2 Response to Transient Arterial Occlusion In Peripheral Vascular Disease Detected by Heating Power Oximeter Angiology, December 1, 2001; 52(12): 851 - 857. [Abstract] [PDF]
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L. V. d'Uscio, L. A. Smith, and Z. S. Katusic Hypercholesterolemia Impairs Endothelium-Dependent Relaxations in Common Carotid Arteries of Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice Stroke, November 1, 2001; 32(11): 2658 - 2664. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. S. Barua, J. A. Ambrose, L.-J. Eales-Reynolds, M. C. DeVoe, J. G. Zervas, and D. C. Saha Dysfunctional Endothelial Nitric Oxide Biosynthesis in Healthy Smokers With Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatation Circulation, October 16, 2001; 104(16): 1905 - 1910. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. J. O'Connell and J. Genest Jr High-Density Lipoproteins and Endothelial Function Circulation, October 16, 2001; 104(16): 1978 - 1983. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Wakatsuki, Y. Okatani, N. Ikenoue, and T. Fukaya Effect of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Postmenopausal Women Receiving Estrogen Circulation, October 9, 2001; 104(15): 1773 - 1778. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 P. Poredos State-of-the-Art Review: Endothelial Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, October 1, 2001; 7(4): 276 - 280. [Abstract] [PDF]
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 G. Pompilio, G. Rossoni, F. Alamanni, P. Tartara, I. Barajon, C. Rumio, B. Manfredi, and P. Biglioli Comparison of endothelium-dependent vasoactivity of internal mammary arteries from hypertensive, hypercholesterolemic, and diabetic patients Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 2001; 72(4): 1290 - 1297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Setoguchi, M. Mohri, H. Shimokawa, and A. Takeshita Tetrahydrobiopterin improves endothelial dysfunction in coronary microcirculation in patients without epicardial coronary artery disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 1, 2001; 38(2): 493 - 498. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. Huang, H. Xiao, J. M. Samii, J. A. Vita, and J. F. Keaney Jr. Contrasting effects of thiol-modulating agents on endothelial NO bioactivity Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, August 1, 2001; 281(2): C719 - C725. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Taddei, A. Virdis, L. Ghiadoni, G. Salvetti, G. Bernini, A. Magagna, and A. Salvetti Age-Related Reduction of NO Availability and Oxidative Stress in Humans Hypertension, August 1, 2001; 38(2): 274 - 279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. J. Duffy, E. S. Biegelsen, M. Holbrook, J. D. Russell, N. Gokce, J. F. Keaney Jr, and J. A. Vita Iron Chelation Improves Endothelial Function in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Circulation, June 12, 2001; 103(23): 2799 - 2804. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Al Suwaidi, S. T. Higano, D. R. Holmes Jr., R. Lennon, and A. Lerman Obesity is independently associated with coronary endothelial dysfunction in patients with normal or mildly diseased coronary arteries J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 1, 2001; 37(6): 1523 - 1528. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. Springer, A. Fife, W. Lawson, J. C.K. Hui, L. Jandorf, P. F. Cohn, and G. Fricchione Psychosocial Effects of Enhanced External Counterpulsation in the Angina Patient: A Second Study Psychosomatics, April 1, 2001; 42(2): 124 - 132. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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W. J. Kop, D. S. Krantz, R. H. Howell, M. A. Ferguson, V. Papademetriou, D. Lu, J. J. Popma, J. F. Quigley, M. Vernalis, and J. S. Gottdiener Effects of mental stress on coronary epicardial vasomotion and flow velocity in coronary artery disease: relationship with hemodynamic stress responses J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 1, 2001; 37(5): 1359 - 1366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. G. Lamping and F. M. Faraci Role of Sex Differences and Effects of Endothelial NO Synthase Deficiency in Responses of Carotid Arteries to Serotonin Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2001; 21(4): 523 - 528. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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