Circulation, Vol 81, 638-648, Copyright © 1990 by American Heart Association
RJ Applegate, CP Cheng and WC Little
We compared left ventricle (LV) volume (V) simultaneously measured using
the conductance catheter (VM) with volume calculated from three LV
dimensions (VD) determined ultrasonically from endocardial crystals. Seven
adult mongrel dogs (20-30 kg) were anesthetized and instrumented to measure
micromanometer LV pressure and V. Three pairs of crystals were placed
orthogonally in subendocardial positions and a conductance catheter was
placed in the LV retrograde across the aortic valve. Under steady-state
conditions, over the range of a single cardiac cycle, the relation between
VM and VD was well described by a straight line. There was an excellent
correlation of conductance and dimension volumes with r equal to 0.97 +/-
0.04 and SEE 0.8 +/- 0.5 ml. The gain (1/alpha) and parallel conductance
volume (alpha VC) were constant. At lower volumes obtained during bicaval
occlusion, however, the relation between VM and VD was curvilinear. 1/alpha
and alpha VC both decreased as LVV fell. Thus, determination of absolute
volume using the conductance catheter depended on the conditions under
which the data were obtained. Under steady-state conditions, alpha VC
calculated by both the saline method (mean +/- SD, 50 +/- 15 ml) and by
regression of VM and VD, (45 +/- 21 ml) were similar. Consequently,
absolute LV end-diastolic volumes and end-systolic volumes by the
conductance and dimension methods were similar (53 +/- 14 ml and 38 +/- 14
ml vs. 56 +/- 17 ml and 44 +/- 16 ml, respectively, p = NS). When volume
decreased during bicaval occlusion, there was a progressively greater
decrease in VM as compared with VD. The absolute slope (EES) of the
end-systolic pressure-volume relation (ESPVR) was consistently higher by
the dimension method, group average, 16.3 +/- 7.6, than by the catheter,
8.5 +/- 5.9, p less than 0.05. The direction and magnitude of the change in
EES at different inotropic states (autonomic blockade; dobutamine),
however, was similarly measured by both the conductance catheter and
dimension method. We conclude that the gain and offset of the conductance
catheter are relatively constant at steady state but vary when volume is
reduced by caval occlusion. Thus, the conductance catheter accurately
measures absolute volumes at steady state but can underestimate the slope
and position of the ESPVR when it is determined by caval occlusion. The
conductance catheter does, however, accurately measure the directions and
magnitude of change in contractile state.
ARTICLES
Simultaneous conductance catheter and dimension assessment of left ventricle volume in the intact animal
Department of Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27103.
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