Circulation, Vol 81, 1680-1687, Copyright © 1990 by American Heart Association
JK Williams, MR Adams and HS Klopfenstein
Although evidence indicates that estrogen replacement therapy reduces risk
of coronary heart disease, the mechanism remains unknown. Among the
possibilities are that estrogen replacement therapy may 1) inhibit growth
of atherosclerotic plaque and 2) decrease the prevalence of transient
myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction by modulating vasomotion in
atherosclerotic coronary arteries. Using quantitative coronary angiography,
we determined vasomotor responses of atherosclerotic coronary arteries in
ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys; six were given physiological estrogen
"replacement" by subcutaneous implants, and six were not. Intracoronary
infusion of the endothelium- dependent dilator acetylcholine (1 X 10(-6) M)
caused paradoxical constriction of coronary arteries (from 1.2 +/- 0.2 to
0.6 +/- 0.1 mm, p less than 0.05) in the estrogen-deficient monkeys.
However, acetylcholine tended to minimally dilate the left circumflex
coronary artery in estrogen-treated monkeys (from 1.2 +/- 0.2 to 1.5 +/-
0.2 mm, p greater than 0.2). Although estrogen replacement therapy reduced
plaque extent in coronary arteries, altered vasomotion was not related to
plaque extent. We conclude that estrogen modulates vasomotion of
atherosclerotic coronary arteries of monkeys and speculate that
estrogen-modulated constrictor responses of atherosclerotic coronary
arteries may reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease in
postmenopausal women.
ARTICLES
Estrogen modulates responses of atherosclerotic coronary arteries
Arteriosclerosis Research Center, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27103.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  A. Iwakura, S. Shastry, C. Luedemann, H. Hamada, A. Kawamoto, R. Kishore, Y. Zhu, G. Qin, M. Silver, T. Thorne, et al. Estradiol Enhances Recovery After Myocardial Infarction by Augmenting Incorporation of Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells Into Sites of Ischemia-Induced Neovascularization via Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase-Mediated Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Circulation, March 28, 2006; 113(12): 1605 - 1614. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. R. Adams, D. L. Golden, J. K. Williams, A. A. Franke, T. C. Register, and J. R. Kaplan Soy Protein Containing Isoflavones Reduces the Size of Atherosclerotic Plaques without Affecting Coronary Artery Reactivity in Adult Male Monkeys J. Nutr., December 1, 2005; 135(12): 2852 - 2856. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. D. Kirwan, N. J. MacLusky, H. M. Shapiro, B. L. Abramson, S. G. Thomas, and J. M. Goodman Acute and Chronic Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy on the Cardiovascular System in Healthy Postmenopausal Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2004; 89(4): 1618 - 1629. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z. F. Ba, Y. Yokoyama, B. Toth, L. W. Rue III, K. I. Bland, and I. H. Chaudry Gender differences in small intestinal endothelial function: inhibitory role of androgens Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, March 1, 2004; 286(3): G452 - G457. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. D. Waters, D. Gordon, J. E. Rossouw, R. O. Cannon III, P. Collins, D. M. Herrington, J. Hsia, R. Langer, L. Mosca, P. Ouyang, et al. Women's Ischemic Syndrome Evaluation: Current Status and Future Research Directions Report of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Workshop : October 2-4, 2002 : Section 4: Lessons From Hormone Replacement Trials Circulation, February 17, 2004; 109 (6): e53 - e55. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. W. Lissin, R. Oka, S. Lakshmi, and J. P Cooke Isoflavones improve vascular reactivity in post-menopausal women with hypercholesterolemia Vascular Medicine, February 1, 2004; 9(1): 26 - 30. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Iemolo, A. Martiniuk, D. A. Steinman, and J. D. Spence Sex Differences in Carotid Plaque and Stenosis Stroke, February 1, 2004; 35(2): 477 - 481. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Kimura, K. Sudhir, M. Jones, E. Simpson, A.-M. Jefferis, and J. P.F. Chin-Dusting Impaired Acetylcholine-Induced Release of Nitric Oxide in the Aorta of Male Aromatase-Knockout Mice: Regulation of Nitric Oxide Production by Endogenous Sex Hormones in Males Circ. Res., December 12, 2003; 93(12): 1267 - 1271. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. D. Spence, T. Thornton, A. D. Muir, and N. D. Westcott The Effect of Flax Seed Cultivars with Differing Content of {alpha}-Linolenic Acid and Lignans on Responses to Mental Stress J. Am. Coll. Nutr., December 1, 2003; 22(6): 494 - 501. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. D. Wagner, D. C. Schwenke, K. A. Greaves, L. Zhang, M. S. Anthony, R. M. Blair, M. K. Shadoan, and J. K. Williams Soy Protein With Isoflavones, but not an Isoflavone-Rich Supplement, Improves Arterial Low-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism and Atherogenesis Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., December 1, 2003; 23(12): 2241 - 2246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Nishino, H.-J. Youn, D. Gheorghevici, C. Zellner, T. M. Chou, K. Sudhir, and R. F. Redberg Effect of Intracoronary Estradiol on Postischemic Microvascular Damage in a Porcine Model: A Myocardial Contrast Echocardiographic Study Angiology, November 1, 2003; 54(6): 701 - 709. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Muller-Delp, D. B. Lubahn, K. E. Nichol, B. J. Philips, E. M. Price, E. M. Curran, and M. H. Laughlin Regulation of nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation in coronary arteries of estrogen receptor-{alpha}-deficient mice Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2003; 285(5): H2150 - H2157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. C. Liu, T. B. J. Kuo, and C. C. H. Yang Effects of estrogen on gender-related autonomic differences in humans Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2003; 285(5): H2188 - H2193. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. van Eickels, R. D. Patten, M. J. Aronovitz, A. Alsheikh-Ali, K. Gostyla, F. Celestin, C. Grohe, M. E. Mendelsohn, and R. H. Karas 17-Beta-Estradiol increases cardiac remodeling and mortality in mice with myocardial infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 4, 2003; 41(11): 2084 - 2092. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. J. Teede, B. P. McGrath, L. DeSilva, M. Cehun, A. Fassoulakis, and P. J. Nestel Isoflavones Reduce Arterial Stiffness: A Placebo-Controlled Study in Men and Postmenopausal Women Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., June 1, 2003; 23(6): 1066 - 1071. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. C. Villablanca, K. A. Lewis, D. Tham, and J. C. Rutledge Differential regulation of gene expression by ovariectomy in mouse aorta Physiol Genomics, February 6, 2003; 12(3): 175 - 185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Noel Bairey Merz, B. D. Johnson, B. L. Sharaf, V. Bittner, S. L. Berga, G. D. Braunstein, T. K. Hodgson, K. A. Matthews, C. J. Pepine, S. E. Reis, et al. Hypoestrogenemia of hypothalamic origin and coronary artery disease in premenopausal women: a report from the NHLBI-sponsored WISE study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 5, 2003; 41(3): 413 - 419. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Furukawa, K. Kazuma, M. Kawa, M. Miyashita, K. Niiro, R. Kusukawa, and M. Kojima Effects of an Off-Site Walking Program on Energy Expenditure, Serum Lipids, and Glucose Metabolism in Middle-Aged Women Biol Res Nurs, January 1, 2003; 4(3): 181 - 192. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. L. Bellino and P. M. Wise Nonhuman Primate Models of Menopause Workshop Biol Reprod, January 1, 2003; 68(1): 10 - 18. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. B. Hodgin and N. Maeda Minireview: Estrogen and Mouse Models of Atherosclerosis Endocrinology, December 1, 2002; 143(12): 4495 - 4501. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. A. Lindenfeld and R. D. Langer Bleeding Patterns of the Hormone Replacement Therapies in the Postmenopausal Estrogen and Progestin Interventions Trial Obstet. Gynecol., November 1, 2002; 100(5): 853 - 863. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. L. Chambliss and P. W. Shaul Estrogen Modulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Endocr. Rev., October 1, 2002; 23(5): 665 - 686. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. K. Sukhova, J. K. Williams, and P. Libby Statins Reduce Inflammation in Atheroma of Nonhuman Primates Independent of Effects on Serum Cholesterol Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., September 1, 2002; 22(9): 1452 - 1458. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. K. Koh Effects of estrogen on the vascular wall: vasomotor function and inflammation Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2002; 55(4): 714 - 726. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. E. Mullick, J. M. McDonald, G. Melkonian, P. Talbot, K. E. Pinkerton, and J. C. Rutledge Reactive carbonyls from tobacco smoke increase arterial endothelial layer injury Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2002; 283(2): H591 - H597. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A.C. Duncan, J.R. Petrie, M.J. Brosnan, A.M. Devlin, R.A. Bass, D.S. Charnock-Jones, J.M.C. Connell, A.F. Dominiczak, and M.A. Lumsden Is estradiol cardioprotection a nitric oxide-mediated effect? Hum. Reprod., July 1, 2002; 17(7): 1918 - 1924. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Mihmanli, V. Mihmanli, F. Kantarci, M. S. Albayram, K. Atakir, M. Cantasdemir, and C. Akman Effects of Oophorectomy and Hormone Replacement Therapy on the Pulsatility Indices of Hepatic and Renal Arteries J. Ultrasound Med., April 1, 2002; 21(4): 367 - 373. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. C. Villablanca, K. A. Lewis, and J. C. Rutledge Time- and dose-dependent differential upregulation of three genes by 17beta -estradiol in endothelial cells J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2002; 92(3): 1064 - 1073. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. S Mikkola and T. B Clarkson Estrogen replacement therapy, atherosclerosis, and vascular function Cardiovasc Res, February 15, 2002; 53(3): 605 - 619. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Campisi, L. Nathan, M. H. Pampaloni, H. Schoder, J. W. Sayre, G. Chaudhuri, and H. R. Schelbert Noninvasive Assessment of Coronary Microcirculatory Function in Postmenopausal Women and Effects of Short-Term and Long-Term Estrogen Administration Circulation, January 29, 2002; 105(4): 425 - 430. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. N. Hodis, W. J. Mack, R. A. Lobo, D. Shoupe, A. Sevanian, P. R. Mahrer, R. H. Selzer, C.-r. Liu, C.-h. Liu, S. P. Azen, et al. Estrogen in the Prevention of Atherosclerosis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Ann Intern Med, December 4, 2001; 135(11): 939 - 953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Herrington, M. A. Espeland, J. R. Crouse III, J. Robertson, W. A. Riley, M. A. McBurnie, and G. L. Burke Estrogen Replacement and Brachial Artery Flow-Mediated Vasodilation in Older Women Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., December 1, 2001; 21(12): 1955 - 1961. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G.M.C. Rosano, M. Fini, and G. Mercuro Hormone replacement therapy in women with angina with normal coronary arteriograms. Pathogenetic or symptomatic therapy? Eur. Heart J., November 2, 2001; 22(22): 2051 - 2054. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. E. Beyer, G. Yu, H. Hanke, and H. M. Hoffmeister Acute Gender-Specific Hemodynamic and Inotropic Effects of 17{beta}-Estradiol on Rats Hypertension, November 1, 2001; 38(5): 1003 - 1010. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Saitta, D. Altavilla, D. Cucinotta, N. Morabito, N. Frisina, F. Corrado, R. D'Anna, A. Lasco, G. Squadrito, A. Gaudio, et al. Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study on Effects of Raloxifene and Hormone Replacement Therapy on Plasma NO Concentrations, Endothelin-1 Levels, and Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Postmenopausal Women Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., September 1, 2001; 21(9): 1512 - 1519. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. J. Teede, F. S. Dalais, D. Kotsopoulos, Y.-L. Liang, S. Davis, and B. P. McGrath Dietary Soy Has Both Beneficial and Potentially Adverse Cardiovascular Effects: A Placebo-Controlled Study in Men and Postmenopausal Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2001; 86(7): 3053 - 3060. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. J. Gonzales, B. R. Walker, and N. L. Kanagy 17{beta}-Estradiol increases nitric oxide-dependent dilation in rat pulmonary arteries and thoracic aorta Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, March 1, 2001; 280(3): L555 - L564. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. M. C. Rosano, C. M. Webb, S. Chierchia, G. Luigi Morgani, M. Gabraele, P. M. Sarrel, D. de Ziegler, and P. Collins Natural progesterone, but not medroxyprogesterone acetate, enhances the beneficial effect of estrogen on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in postmenopausal women J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 2000; 36(7): 2154 - 2159. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S. Hayward, W. V. Kalnins, and R. P. Kelly Acute effects of 17beta -estradiol on ventricular and vascular hemodynamics in postmenopausal women Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2000; 279(5): H2277 - H2284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. ADAMS, M. S. ANTHONY, J. M. MANNING, D. L. GOLDEN, and J. S. PARKS Low-Dose Contraceptive Estrogen-Progestin and Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis of Monkeys Obstet. Gynecol., August 1, 2000; 96(2): 250 - 255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. P. Thompson, G. Pinkas, and C. P. Weiner Chronic 17{beta}-Estradiol Replacement Increases Nitric Oxide-Mediated Vasodilation of Guinea Pig Coronary Microcirculation Circulation, July 25, 2000; 102(4): 445 - 451. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Yallampalli and Y.-L. Dong Estradiol-17{beta} Inhibits Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS)-II and Stimulates NOS-III Gene Expression in the Rat Uterus Biol Reprod, July 1, 2000; 63(1): 34 - 41. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A.S. Bilsel, H. Moini, E. Tetik, F. Aksungar, B. Kaynak, and A. Ozer 17{beta}-Estradiol modulates endothelin-1 expression and release in human endothelial cells Cardiovasc Res, June 1, 2000; 46(3): 579 - 584. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Wroblewski Lissin and J. P. Cooke Phytoestrogens and cardiovascular health J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 1, 2000; 35(6): 1403 - 1410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. B. Stefano, V. Prevot, J.-C. Beauvillain, P. Cadet, C. Fimiani, I. Welters, G. L. Fricchione, C. Breton, P. Lassalle, M. Salzet, et al. Cell-Surface Estrogen Receptors Mediate Calcium-Dependent Nitric Oxide Release in Human Endothelia Circulation, April 4, 2000; 101(13): 1594 - 1597. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. H. McNulty, D. Jagasia, J. M. Whiting, and T. Caulin-Glaser Effect of 6-wk estrogen withdrawal or replacement on myocardial ischemic tolerance in rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2000; 278(4): H1030 - H1034. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S. Hayward, R. P. Kelly, and P. Collins The roles of gender, the menopause and hormone replacement on cardiovascular function Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 2000; 46(1): 28 - 49. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Fraser, S. T. Davidge, and A. S. Clanachan Activation of Ca2+-independent nitric oxide synthase by 17{beta}-estradiol in post-ischemic rat heart Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 2000; 46(1): 111 - 118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Wight, C. F. Kung, P. Moreau, H. Takase, N. A. Bersinger, and T. F. Luscher Aging, Serum Estradiol Levels, and Pregnancy Differentially Affect Vascular Reactivity of the Rat Uterine Artery Reproductive Sciences, March 1, 2000; 7(2): 106 - 113. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. EDMUNDS and G.Y.H. LIP Cardiovascular risk in women: the cardiologist's perspective QJM, March 1, 2000; 93(3): 135 - 145. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Hayashi, T. Esaki, E. Muto, H. Kano, Y. Asai, N. K. Thakur, D. Sumi, M. Jayachandran, and A. Iguchi Dehydroepiandrosterone Retards Atherosclerosis Formation Through Its Conversion to Estrogen : The Possible Role of Nitric Oxide Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., March 1, 2000; 20(3): 782 - 792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. R. Peterson, M. Courtois, L. F. Peterson, M. R. Peterson, V. G. Dávila-Román, R. J. Spina, and B. Barzilai Estrogen Increases Hyperemic Microvascular Blood Flow Velocity in Postmenopausal Women J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., March 1, 2000; 55(3): 174M - 179. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Squadrito, D. Altavilla, G. Squadrito, A. Saitta, D. Cucinotta, L. Minutoli, B. Deodato, M. Ferlito, G. M. Campo, A. Bova, et al. Genistein supplementation and estrogen replacement therapy improve endothelial dysfunction induced by ovariectomy in rats Cardiovasc Res, January 14, 2000; 45(2): 454 - 462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. C. D. Westendorp, B. A. I.’t Veld, M. L. Bots, J. M. Akkerhuis, A. Hofman, D. E. Grobbee, and J. C. M. Witteman Hormone Replacement Therapy and Intima-Media Thickness of the Common Carotid Artery : The Rotterdam Study Stroke, December 1, 1999; 30(12): 2562 - 2567. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Barrett-Connor, D. Goodman-Gruen, and B. Patay Endogenous Sex Hormones and Cognitive Function in Older Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 1999; 84(10): 3681 - 3685. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. E. Mendelsohn and R. H. Karas The Protective Effects of Estrogen on the Cardiovascular System N. Engl. J. Med., June 10, 1999; 340(23): 1801 - 1811. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Herrington, B. L. Werbel, W. A. Riley, B. E. Pusser, and T. M. Morgan Individual and combined effects of estrogen/progestin therapy and lovastatin on lipids and flow-mediated vasodilation in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 1, 1999; 33(7): 2030 - 2037. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. L. Crawford and C. B. Johannes The Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 1999; 84(6): 1803 - 1806. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|