Circulation, Vol 81, 1762-1767, Copyright © 1990 by American Heart Association
L Linder, W Kiowski, FR Buhler and TF Luscher
In isolated blood vessels, acetylcholine releases endothelium-derived
relaxing factor (EDRF). In vivo, the vasodilator action of acetylcholine
may be mediated by EDRF, but prostacyclin or prejunctional inhibition of
adrenergic neurotransmission may also be involved. Therefore, we
investigated whether acetylcholine releases EDRF in humans in vivo and, if
so, whether the response altered in essential hypertension. Acetylcholine
was infused into the brachial artery, and forearm blood flow measured by
venous occlusion plethysmography. In control subjects, acetylcholine
(0.02-16 micrograms/min/100 ml tissue) increased flow from 2.4 +/- 5.0 to
20.6 +/- 5.2 ml/min/100 ml tissue (n = 14; p less than 0.05) and decreased
forearm vascular resistance from 42.0 +/- 4.1 to 6.0 +/- 1.4 units (p less
than 0.03), a response comparable to that of sodium nitroprusside (0.6
micrograms/min ml tissue). Acetylsalicylic acid (500 mg i.v.) given to
block vascular prostacyclin production did not alter the response (n = 14).
alpha-Adrenoceptor blockade by phentolamine (12 micrograms/min/100 ml
tissue) did not prevent the increase in flow evoked by acetylcholine. In
hypertensive patients, the decrease in forearm vascular resistance induced
by acetylcholine but not evoked by sodium nitroprusside was reduced as
compared with controls (14.5 +/- 3.1 and 6.1 +/- 1.6 units, respectively; n
= 8; p less than 0.05). Thus, the vascular effects of acetylcholine in the
human forearm circulation are independent of prostaglandins and adrenergic
neurotransmission and therefore are most likely to be mediated by EDRF; the
acetylcholine-induced release of EDRF is blunted in patients with essential
hypertension.
ARTICLES
Indirect evidence for release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in human forearm circulation in vivo. Blunted response in essential hypertension
Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
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S. Taddei, A. Virdis, L. Ghiadoni, A. Magagna, and A. Salvetti Vitamin C Improves Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation by Restoring Nitric Oxide Activity in Essential Hypertension Circulation, June 9, 1998; 97(22): 2222 - 2229. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Laine, M. J. Knuuti, U. Ruotsalainen, T. Utriainen, V. Oikonen, M. Raitakari, M. Luotolahti, O. Kirvela, P. Vicini, C. Cobelli, et al. Preserved Relative Dispersion but Blunted Stimulation of Mean Flow, Absolute Dispersion, and Blood Volume by Insulin in Skeletal Muscle of Patients With Essential Hypertension Circulation, June 2, 1998; 97(21): 2146 - 2153. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Cardillo, C. M. Kilcoyne, R. O. Cannon III, and J. A. Panza Racial Differences in Nitric Oxide–Mediated Vasodilator Response to Mental Stress in the Forearm Circulation Hypertension, June 1, 1998; 31(6): 1235 - 1239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C. Cardillo and J. A Panza Impaired endothelial regulation of vascular tone in patients with systemic arterial hypertension Vascular Medicine, May 1, 1998; 3(2): 138 - 144. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. P Noon, B. R Walker, M. F Hand, and D. J Webb Impairment of forearm vasodilatation to acetylcholine in hypercholesterolemia is reversed by aspirin Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 1998; 38(2): 480 - 484. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. J. Duffy, B. T. Tran, G. New, R. N. Tudball, M. D. Esler, R. W. Harper, and I. T. Meredith Continuous release of vasodilator prostanoids contributes to regulation of resting forearm blood flow in humans Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 1998; 274(4): H1174 - H1183. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Perticone, R. Ceravolo, R. Maio, G. Ventura, A. Zingone, N. Perrotti, and P. L. Mattioli Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism Is Associated With Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Never Treated Hypertensive Patients Hypertension, April 1, 1998; 31(4): 900 - 905. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Cardillo, C. M. Kilcoyne, A. A. Quyyumi, R. O. Cannon III, and J. A. Panza Selective Defect in Nitric Oxide Synthesis May Explain the Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Patients With Essential Hypertension Circulation, March 10, 1998; 97(9): 851 - 856. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Husain, N. P. Andrews, D. Mulcahy, J. A. Panza, and A. A. Quyyumi Aspirin Improves Endothelial Dysfunction in Atherosclerosis Circulation, March 3, 1998; 97(8): 716 - 720. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Owlya, L. Vollenweider, L. Trueb, C. Sartori, M. Lepori, P. Nicod, and U. Scherrer Cardiovascular and Sympathetic Effects of Nitric Oxide Inhibition at Rest and During Static Exercise in Humans Circulation, December 2, 1997; 96(11): 3897 - 3903. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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U. Scherrer and C. Sartori Insulin as a Vascular and Sympathoexcitatory Hormone : Implications for Blood Pressure Regulation, Insulin Sensitivity, and Cardiovascular Morbidity Circulation, December 2, 1997; 96(11): 4104 - 4113. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. J. Joyner and N. M. Dietz Nitric oxide and vasodilation in human limbs J Appl Physiol, December 1, 1997; 83(6): 1785 - 1796. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Jern, U. Wall, A. Bergbrant, L. Selin-Sjogren, and C. Jern Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation and Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Release in Borderline Hypertension Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 1997; 17(12): 3376 - 3383. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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R. Joannides, V. Richard, W. E. Haefeli, A. Benoist, L. Linder, T. F. Luscher, and C. Thuillez Role of Nitric Oxide in the Regulation of the Mechanical Properties of Peripheral Conduit Arteries in Humans Hypertension, December 1, 1997; 30(6): 1465 - 1470. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S. Taddei, A. Virdis, L. Ghiadoni, S. Uleri, A. Magagna, and A. Salvetti Lacidipine Restores Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Essential Hypertensive Patients Hypertension, December 1, 1997; 30(6): 1606 - 1612. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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H. O. Steinberg, B. Bayazeed, G. Hook, A. Johnson, J. Cronin, and A. D. Baron Endothelial Dysfunction Is Associated With Cholesterol Levels in the High Normal Range in Humans Circulation, November 18, 1997; 96(10): 3287 - 3293. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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W. E. Haefeli, L. Linder, and T. F. Luscher Quinaprilat Induces Arterial Vasodilation Mediated by Nitric Oxide in Humans Hypertension, October 1, 1997; 30(4): 912 - 917. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A. Bouloumie, J. Bauersachs, W. Linz, B. A. Scholkens, G. Wiemer, I. Fleming, and R. Busse Endothelial Dysfunction Coincides With an Enhanced Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression and Superoxide Anion Production Hypertension, October 1, 1997; 30(4): 934 - 941. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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K. Node, M. Kitakaze, H. Yoshikawa, H. Kosaka, and M. Hori Reduced Plasma Concentrations of Nitrogen Oxide in Individuals With Essential Hypertension Hypertension, September 1, 1997; 30(3): 405 - 408. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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K. A. H. Kaasjager, H. A. Koomans, and T. J. Rabelink Endothelin-1–Induced Vasopressor Responses in Essential Hypertension Hypertension, July 1, 1997; 30(1): 15 - 21. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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C. Cardillo, C. M. Kilcoyne, R. O. Cannon III, A. A. Quyyumi, and J. A. Panza Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition With Oxypurinol Improves Endothelial Vasodilator Function in Hypercholesterolemic but Not in Hypertensive Patients Hypertension, July 1, 1997; 30(1): 57 - 63. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. Sander, J. Hansen, and R. G. Victor The Sympathetic Nervous System Is Involved in the Maintenance but Not Initiation of the Hypertension Induced by N{omega}-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester Hypertension, July 1, 1997; 30(1): 64 - 70. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S. J. Hutchison, M. S. Reitz, K. Sudhir, R. E. Sievers, B.-Q. Zhu, Y.-P. Sun, T. M. Chou, P. C. Deedwania, K. Chatterjee, S. A. Glantz, et al. Chronic Dietary L-Arginine Prevents Endothelial Dysfunction Secondary to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Normocholesterolemic Rabbits Hypertension, May 1, 1997; 29(5): 1186 - 1191. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S. Taddei, A. Virdis, P. Mattei, L. Ghiadoni, C. B. Fasolo, I. Sudano, and A. Salvetti Hypertension Causes Premature Aging of Endothelial Function in Humans Hypertension, March 1, 1997; 29(3): 736 - 743. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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H. O. Steinberg and A. D. Baron Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus and Nitrovasodilation: Important and Complex Interactions Circulation, February 4, 1997; 95(3): 560 - 561. [Full Text]
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S. Makimattila, M. Mantysaari, P.-H. Groop, P. Summanen, A. Virkamaki, A. Schlenzka, J. Fagerudd, and H. Yki-Jarvinen Hyperreactivity to Nitrovasodilators in Forearm Vasculature Is Related to Autonomic Dysfunction in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Circulation, February 4, 1997; 95(3): 618 - 625. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S. Taddei, A. Virdis, L. Ghiadoni, A. Magagna, and A. Salvetti Cyclooxygenase Inhibition Restores Nitric Oxide Activity in Essential Hypertension Hypertension, January 1, 1997; 29(1): 274 - 279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Iwatsubo, M. Nagano, T. Sakai, K. Kumamoto, R. Morita, J. Higaki, T. Ogihara, and T. Hata Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Improves Forearm Reactive Hyperemia in Essential Hypertension Hypertension, January 1, 1997; 29(1): 286 - 290. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. Antony, G. Lerebours, and A. Nitenberg Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Restores Flow-Dependent and Cold Pressor Test–Induced Dilations in Coronary Arteries of Hypertensive Patients Circulation, December 15, 1996; 94(12): 3115 - 3122. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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