Electrophysiological testing and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. Use and limitations in patients with coronary artery disease and impaired ventricular function

« Previous Article | Table of Contents | Next Article »

Circulation. 1990;82:350-358

This Article

	Full Text (PDF)
	Alert me when this article is cited
	Alert me if a correction is posted
	Citation Map

Services

	Email this article to a friend
	Similar articles in this journal
	Similar articles in PubMed
	Alert me to new issues of the journal
	Download to citation manager
	Request Permissions

Citing Articles

	Citing Articles via HighWire
	Citing Articles via Google Scholar

Google Scholar

	Articles by Wilber, D. J.
	Articles by Scanlon, P. J.
	Search for Related Content

PubMed

	PubMed Citation
	Articles by Wilber, D. J.
	Articles by Scanlon, P. J.

ARTICLES

Electrophysiological testing and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. Use and limitations in patients with coronary artery disease and impaired ventricular function

DJ Wilber, B Olshansky, JF Moran and PJ Scanlon
Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153.

Electrophysiological testing was performed in 100 consecutive patients with spontaneous asymptomatic nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, chronic coronary artery disease, and ejection fraction of less than 40%. Fifty-seven patients without inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias were discharged on no antiarrhythmic therapy. Sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia was induced in 37 patients, and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation was induced in six patients. Of the 43 patients with inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias, three had spontaneous cardiac arrest during serial drug testing and were excluded from further analysis. Twenty patients were discharged on drug therapy, resulting in suppression of inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias. The remaining 20 patients with persistently inducible sustained arrhythmias were discharged on drug therapy, resulting in maximal rate slowing of the induced tachycardia. During a mean follow-up of 16.7 months, there were 10 recurrent cardiac arrests or sudden deaths. The 1- and 2-year actuarial incidence of these events was 2% and 6%, respectively, in patients without inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias; 0% and 11%, respectively, in patients in whom inducible arrhythmias were suppressed; and 34% and 50%, respectively, in patients with persistently inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias. Multivariate Cox analysis identified only the persistence of inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias as a significant independent predictor of sudden death or recurrent sustained arrhythmias (p less than 0.001; relative risk, 3.5; 95% confidence intervals, 2.1-4.9). In this population, therapeutic intervention to prevent sudden death is unnecessary in patients without inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

This article has been cited by other articles:

R. J. Myerburg, V. Reddy, and A. Castellanos
Indications for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators based on evidence and judgment.
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 25, 2009; 54(9): 747 - 763.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

R. J. Myerburg
Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators after Myocardial Infarction
N. Engl. J. Med., November 20, 2008; 359(21): 2245 - 2253.
[Full Text] [PDF]

T. Rossenbacker, S. G. Priori, and D. P. Zipes
The fight against sudden cardiac death: consensus guidelines as a reference
Eur. Heart J. Suppl., December 1, 2007; 9(suppl_I): I50 - I58.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

W. Jung and B. Schumacher
What is the role of risk stratification for sudden death in the defibrillator era?
Eur. Heart J. Suppl., December 1, 2007; 9(suppl_I): I59 - I65.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart, D. P. Zipes, A. J. Camm, M. Borggrefe, A. E. Buxton, B. Chaitman, M. Fromer, G. Gregoratos, G. Klein, A. J. Moss, et al.
ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death)
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 5, 2006; 48(5): e247 - e346.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Writing Committee Members, D. P. Zipes, A. J. Camm, M. Borggrefe, A. E. Buxton, B. Chaitman, M. Fromer, G. Gregoratos, G. Klein, A. J. Moss, et al.
ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death) Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society
Europace, September 1, 2006; 8(9): 746 - 837.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Z. Goldberger and R. Lampert
Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators: Expanding Indications and Technologies
JAMA, February 15, 2006; 295(7): 809 - 818.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

J. P. Daubert, W. Zareba, W. J. Hall, C. Schuger, A. Corsello, A. R. Leon, M. L. Andrews, S. McNitt, D. T. Huang, A. J. Moss, et al.
Predictive Value of Ventricular Arrhythmia Inducibility for Subsequent Ventricular Tachycardia or Ventricular Fibrillation in Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT) II Patients
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 3, 2006; 47(1): 98 - 107.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

U. Sartipy, A. Albage, E. Straat, P. Insulander, and D. Lindblom
Surgery for Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients Undergoing Left Ventricular Reconstruction by the Dor Procedure
Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 2006; 81(1): 65 - 71.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

D. G Katritsis and A.J. Camm
Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia: where do we stand?
Eur. Heart J., July 1, 2004; 25(13): 1093 - 1099.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

C Wolpert, J Kuschyk, N Aramin, S Spehl, F Streitner, T Suselbeck, B Schumacher, K K Haase, R Schimpf, and M Borggrefe
Incidence and electrophysiological characteristics of spontaneous ventricular tachyarrhythmias in high risk coronary patients and prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator
Heart, June 1, 2004; 90(6): 667 - 671.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

M Meyborg, R Mura, C Tiefenbacher, R Becker, J Michaelsen, and F Niroomand
Comparative follow up of patients with implanted cardioverter-defibrillators after induction of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardias or ventricular fibrillation by programmed stimulation
Heart, June 1, 2003; 89(6): 629 - 632.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

D. S. Lee, L. D. Green, P. P. Liu, P. Dorian, D. M. Newman, F. C. Grant, J. V. Tu, and D. A. Alter
Effectiveness of implantable defibrillators for preventing arrhythmic events and death: A Meta-Analysis
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 7, 2003; 41(9): 1573 - 1582.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Committee Members, G. Gregoratos, J. Abrams, A. E. Epstein, R. A. Freedman, D. L. Hayes, M. A. Hlatky, R. E. Kerber, G. V. Naccarelli, M. H. Schoenfeld, et al.
ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices--Summary Article: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/NASPE Committee to Update the 1998 Pacemaker Guidelines)
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 6, 2002; 40(9): 1703 - 1719.
[Full Text] [PDF]

G. Gregoratos, J. Abrams, A. E. Epstein, R. A. Freedman, D. L. Hayes, M. A. Hlatky, R. E. Kerber, G. V. Naccarelli, M. H. Schoenfeld, M. J. Silka, et al.
ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices: Summary Article: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/NASPE Committee to Update the 1998 Pacemaker Guidelines)
Circulation, October 15, 2002; 106(16): 2145 - 2161.
[Full Text] [PDF]

L. A. Pires, M. H. Lehmann, A. E. Buxton, G. E. Hafley, K. L. Lee, and the Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial Inve
Differences in inducibility and prognosis of in-hospital versus out-of-hospital identified nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with coronary artery disease: clinical and trial design implications
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 1, 2001; 38(4): 1156 - 1162.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

S.G. Priori, E. Aliot, C. Blomstrom-Lundqvist, L. Bossaert, G. Breithardt, P. Brugada, A.J. Camm, R. Cappato, S.M. Cobbe, C. Di Mario, et al.
Task Force on Sudden Cardiac Death of the European Society of Cardiology
Eur. Heart J., August 2, 2001; 22(16): 1374 - 1450.
[PDF]

M. H. Gollob and J. J. Seger
Current Status of the Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Chest, April 1, 2001; 119(4): 1210 - 1221.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

G. R. Gaudette, I. B. Krukenkamp, A. E. Saltman, H. Horimoto, and S. Levitsky
Preconditioning with PKC and the ATP-sensitive potassium channels: a codependent relationship
Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 2000; 70(2): 602 - 608.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

A. E. Saltman, G. R. Gaudette, S. Levitsky, and I. B. Krukenkamp
Amrinone preconditioning in the isolated perfused rabbit heart
Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 2000; 70(2): 609 - 613.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

A. E. Buxton, K. L. Lee, L. DiCarlo, M. R. Gold, G. S. Greer, E. N. Prystowsky, M. F. O'Toole, A. Tang, J. D. Fisher, J. Coromilas, et al.
Electrophysiologic Testing to Identify Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Who Are at Risk for Sudden Death
N. Engl. J. Med., June 29, 2000; 342(26): 1937 - 1945.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

M. Osada, T. Netticadan, K. Kawabata, K. Tamura, and N. S. Dhalla
Ischemic preconditioning prevents I/R-induced alterations in SR calcium-calmodulin protein kinase II
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2000; 278(6): H1791 - H1798.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

A. E. Buxton, K. L. Lee, J. D. Fisher, M. E. Josephson, E. N. Prystowsky, G. Hafley, and The Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial Inve
A Randomized Study of the Prevention of Sudden Death in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
N. Engl. J. Med., December 16, 1999; 341(25): 1882 - 1890.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

P. J. Welch, R. L. Page, and M. H. Hamdan
Management of ventricular arrhythmias: A trial-based approach
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 1, 1999; 34(3): 621 - 630.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

J. J. Goldberger
Treatment and Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: Effect of Recent Clinical Trials
Arch Intern Med, June 28, 1999; 159(12): 1281 - 1287.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

B. P. Knight, R. Goyal, F. Pelosi, M. Flemming, L. Horwood, F. Morady, and S. A. Strickberger
Outcome of patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and unexplained syncope treated with an implantable defibrillator
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 1, 1999; 33(7): 1964 - 1970.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

A. E. Buxton, G. E. Hafley, M. H. Lehmann, M. Gold, M. O'Toole, A. Tang, J. Coromilas, B. Hook, N. J. Stamato, and K. L. Lee
Prediction of Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia Inducible by Programmed Stimulation in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease : Utility of Clinical Variables
Circulation, April 13, 1999; 99(14): 1843 - 1850.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

D. Andresen, G. Steinbeck, T. Bruggemann, D. Muller, R. Haberl, S. Behrens, E. Hoffmann, K. Wegscheider, R.u. Dissmann, and H.-C. Ehlers
Risk stratification following myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era: a two-step strategy using noninvasive and invasive methods
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 1, 1999; 33(1): 131 - 138.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

K. Ogunyankin and B. N. Singh
Reflections on Recent Clinical Trials in Patients With Heart Failure and Those With Reduced Ventricular Function
Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, January 1, 1997; 2(3): 147 - 152.
[PDF]

S. Saksena and I. Giorgberidze
The Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial: MADIT Provides the Basis for Developing Therapeutic Strategy for Patients With Severely Depressed Ventricular Ejection Fraction With Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia
Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, January 1, 1997; 2(3): 229 - 234.
[PDF]

A. J. Moss, W. J. Hall, D. S. Cannom, J. P. Daubert, S. L. Higgins, H. Klein, J. H. Levine, S. Saksena, A. L. Waldo, D. Wilber, et al.
Improved Survival with an Implanted Defibrillator in Patients with Coronary Disease at High Risk for Ventricular Arrhythmia
N. Engl. J. Med., December 26, 1996; 335(26): 1933 - 1940.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

P. L. Friedman and W. G. Stevenson
Unsustained Ventricular Tachycardia -- To Treat or Not to Treat
N. Engl. J. Med., December 26, 1996; 335(26): 1984 - 1985.
[Full Text]

J. A. Reiffel
Data-driven Decisions: The Importance of Clinical Trials in Arrhythmia Management
Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, January 1, 1996; 1(1): 79 - 88.
[Abstract] [PDF]

P. G. Burns, I. B. Krukenkamp, C. A. Caldarone, G. R. Gaudette, E. A. Bukhari, and S. Levitsky
Does Cardiopulmonary Bypass Alone Elicit Myoprotective Preconditioning?
Circulation, November 1, 1995; 92(9): 447 - 451.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

				R. J. Myerburg Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators after Myocardial Infarction N. Engl. J. Med., November 20, 2008; 359(21): 2245 - 2253. [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Rossenbacker, S. G. Priori, and D. P. Zipes The fight against sudden cardiac death: consensus guidelines as a reference Eur. Heart J. Suppl., December 1, 2007; 9(suppl_I): I50 - I58. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Jung and B. Schumacher What is the role of risk stratification for sudden death in the defibrillator era? Eur. Heart J. Suppl., December 1, 2007; 9(suppl_I): I59 - I65. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart, D. P. Zipes, A. J. Camm, M. Borggrefe, A. E. Buxton, B. Chaitman, M. Fromer, G. Gregoratos, G. Klein, A. J. Moss, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 5, 2006; 48(5): e247 - e346. [Full Text] [PDF]

				Writing Committee Members, D. P. Zipes, A. J. Camm, M. Borggrefe, A. E. Buxton, B. Chaitman, M. Fromer, G. Gregoratos, G. Klein, A. J. Moss, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death) Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society Europace, September 1, 2006; 8(9): 746 - 837. [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. Goldberger and R. Lampert Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators: Expanding Indications and Technologies JAMA, February 15, 2006; 295(7): 809 - 818. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. P. Daubert, W. Zareba, W. J. Hall, C. Schuger, A. Corsello, A. R. Leon, M. L. Andrews, S. McNitt, D. T. Huang, A. J. Moss, et al. Predictive Value of Ventricular Arrhythmia Inducibility for Subsequent Ventricular Tachycardia or Ventricular Fibrillation in Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT) II Patients J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 3, 2006; 47(1): 98 - 107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				U. Sartipy, A. Albage, E. Straat, P. Insulander, and D. Lindblom Surgery for Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients Undergoing Left Ventricular Reconstruction by the Dor Procedure Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 2006; 81(1): 65 - 71. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. G Katritsis and A.J. Camm Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia: where do we stand? Eur. Heart J., July 1, 2004; 25(13): 1093 - 1099. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C Wolpert, J Kuschyk, N Aramin, S Spehl, F Streitner, T Suselbeck, B Schumacher, K K Haase, R Schimpf, and M Borggrefe Incidence and electrophysiological characteristics of spontaneous ventricular tachyarrhythmias in high risk coronary patients and prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator Heart, June 1, 2004; 90(6): 667 - 671. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M Meyborg, R Mura, C Tiefenbacher, R Becker, J Michaelsen, and F Niroomand Comparative follow up of patients with implanted cardioverter-defibrillators after induction of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardias or ventricular fibrillation by programmed stimulation Heart, June 1, 2003; 89(6): 629 - 632. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. S. Lee, L. D. Green, P. P. Liu, P. Dorian, D. M. Newman, F. C. Grant, J. V. Tu, and D. A. Alter Effectiveness of implantable defibrillators for preventing arrhythmic events and death: A Meta-Analysis J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 7, 2003; 41(9): 1573 - 1582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Committee Members, G. Gregoratos, J. Abrams, A. E. Epstein, R. A. Freedman, D. L. Hayes, M. A. Hlatky, R. E. Kerber, G. V. Naccarelli, M. H. Schoenfeld, et al. ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices--Summary Article: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/NASPE Committee to Update the 1998 Pacemaker Guidelines) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 6, 2002; 40(9): 1703 - 1719. [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Gregoratos, J. Abrams, A. E. Epstein, R. A. Freedman, D. L. Hayes, M. A. Hlatky, R. E. Kerber, G. V. Naccarelli, M. H. Schoenfeld, M. J. Silka, et al. ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices: Summary Article: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/NASPE Committee to Update the 1998 Pacemaker Guidelines) Circulation, October 15, 2002; 106(16): 2145 - 2161. [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. A. Pires, M. H. Lehmann, A. E. Buxton, G. E. Hafley, K. L. Lee, and the Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial Inve Differences in inducibility and prognosis of in-hospital versus out-of-hospital identified nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with coronary artery disease: clinical and trial design implications J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 1, 2001; 38(4): 1156 - 1162. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S.G. Priori, E. Aliot, C. Blomstrom-Lundqvist, L. Bossaert, G. Breithardt, P. Brugada, A.J. Camm, R. Cappato, S.M. Cobbe, C. Di Mario, et al. Task Force on Sudden Cardiac Death of the European Society of Cardiology Eur. Heart J., August 2, 2001; 22(16): 1374 - 1450. [PDF]

				M. H. Gollob and J. J. Seger Current Status of the Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Chest, April 1, 2001; 119(4): 1210 - 1221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. R. Gaudette, I. B. Krukenkamp, A. E. Saltman, H. Horimoto, and S. Levitsky Preconditioning with PKC and the ATP-sensitive potassium channels: a codependent relationship Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 2000; 70(2): 602 - 608. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. E. Saltman, G. R. Gaudette, S. Levitsky, and I. B. Krukenkamp Amrinone preconditioning in the isolated perfused rabbit heart Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 2000; 70(2): 609 - 613. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. E. Buxton, K. L. Lee, L. DiCarlo, M. R. Gold, G. S. Greer, E. N. Prystowsky, M. F. O'Toole, A. Tang, J. D. Fisher, J. Coromilas, et al. Electrophysiologic Testing to Identify Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Who Are at Risk for Sudden Death N. Engl. J. Med., June 29, 2000; 342(26): 1937 - 1945. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Osada, T. Netticadan, K. Kawabata, K. Tamura, and N. S. Dhalla Ischemic preconditioning prevents I/R-induced alterations in SR calcium-calmodulin protein kinase II Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2000; 278(6): H1791 - H1798. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. E. Buxton, K. L. Lee, J. D. Fisher, M. E. Josephson, E. N. Prystowsky, G. Hafley, and The Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial Inve A Randomized Study of the Prevention of Sudden Death in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease N. Engl. J. Med., December 16, 1999; 341(25): 1882 - 1890. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. J. Welch, R. L. Page, and M. H. Hamdan Management of ventricular arrhythmias: A trial-based approach J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 1, 1999; 34(3): 621 - 630. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. J. Goldberger Treatment and Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: Effect of Recent Clinical Trials Arch Intern Med, June 28, 1999; 159(12): 1281 - 1287. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. P. Knight, R. Goyal, F. Pelosi, M. Flemming, L. Horwood, F. Morady, and S. A. Strickberger Outcome of patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and unexplained syncope treated with an implantable defibrillator J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 1, 1999; 33(7): 1964 - 1970. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. E. Buxton, G. E. Hafley, M. H. Lehmann, M. Gold, M. O'Toole, A. Tang, J. Coromilas, B. Hook, N. J. Stamato, and K. L. Lee Prediction of Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia Inducible by Programmed Stimulation in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease : Utility of Clinical Variables Circulation, April 13, 1999; 99(14): 1843 - 1850. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Andresen, G. Steinbeck, T. Bruggemann, D. Muller, R. Haberl, S. Behrens, E. Hoffmann, K. Wegscheider, R.u. Dissmann, and H.-C. Ehlers Risk stratification following myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era: a two-step strategy using noninvasive and invasive methods J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 1, 1999; 33(1): 131 - 138. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Ogunyankin and B. N. Singh Reflections on Recent Clinical Trials in Patients With Heart Failure and Those With Reduced Ventricular Function Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, January 1, 1997; 2(3): 147 - 152. [PDF]

				S. Saksena and I. Giorgberidze The Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial: MADIT Provides the Basis for Developing Therapeutic Strategy for Patients With Severely Depressed Ventricular Ejection Fraction With Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, January 1, 1997; 2(3): 229 - 234. [PDF]

				A. J. Moss, W. J. Hall, D. S. Cannom, J. P. Daubert, S. L. Higgins, H. Klein, J. H. Levine, S. Saksena, A. L. Waldo, D. Wilber, et al. Improved Survival with an Implanted Defibrillator in Patients with Coronary Disease at High Risk for Ventricular Arrhythmia N. Engl. J. Med., December 26, 1996; 335(26): 1933 - 1940. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]