Circulation, Vol 82, 495-506, Copyright © 1990 by American Heart Association
MA Austin, MC King, KM Vranizan and RM Krauss
In a community-based study of 301 subjects from 61 nuclear families, two
distinct phenotypes (denoted A and B) were identified by nondenaturing
gradient gel electrophoretic analysis of low density lipoprotein (LDL)
subclasses. Phenotype A was characterized by predominance of large, buoyant
LDL particles, and phenotype B consisted of a major peak of small, dense
LDL particles. Previous analysis of the family data by complex segregation
analysis demonstrated that these phenotypes appear to be inherited as a
single-gene trait. In the present study, the phenotypes were found to be
closely associated with variations in plasma levels of other lipid,
lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein measurements. Specifically, phenotype B was
associated with increases in plasma levels of triglyceride and
apolipoprotein B, with mass of very low and intermediate density
lipoproteins, and with decreases in high density lipoprotein (HDL)
cholesterol, HDL2 mass, and plasma levels of apolipoprotein A-I. Thus, the
proposed genetic locus responsible for LDL subclass phenotypes also results
in an atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype.
ARTICLES
Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype. A proposed genetic marker for coronary heart disease risk
Research Medicine and Radiation Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley.
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J. P. Segrest, M. K. Jones, H. De Loof, and N. Dashti Structure of apolipoprotein B-100 in low density lipoproteins J. Lipid Res., September 1, 2001; 42(9): 1346 - 1367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 E. L. Ashton, J. D. Best, and M. J. Ball Effects of Monounsaturated Enriched Sunflower Oil on CHD Risk Factors Including LDL Size and Copper-Induced LDL Oxidation J. Am. Coll. Nutr., August 1, 2001; 20(4): 320 - 326. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Cui, R. S. Blumenthal, J. A. Flaws, M. K. Whiteman, P. Langenberg, P. S. Bachorik, and T. L. Bush Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Arch Intern Med, June 11, 2001; 161(11): 1413 - 1419. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. S. Kamigaki, D. S. Siscovick, S. M. Schwartz, B. M. Psaty, K. L. Edwards, T. E. Raghunathan, and M. A. Austin Low Density Lipoprotein Particle Size and Risk of Early-Onset Myocardial Infarction in Women Am. J. Epidemiol., May 15, 2001; 153(10): 939 - 945. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 F Formiga, J F Meco, X Pinto, J Jacob, I Moga, and R Pujol Lipid and lipoprotein levels in premenopausal systemic lupus erythematosus patients Lupus, May 1, 2001; 10(5): 359 - 363. [Abstract] [PDF]
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P. Holvoet, A. Mertens, P. Verhamme, K. Bogaerts, G. Beyens, R. Verhaeghe, D. Collen, E. Muls, and F. Van de Werf Circulating Oxidized LDL Is a Useful Marker for Identifying Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2001; 21(5): 844 - 848. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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X.-H. Zhang, D. Lowe, P. Giles, S. Fell, M. J. Connock, and D. J. Maslin Gender May Affect the Action of Garlic Oil on Plasma Cholesterol and Glucose Levels of Normal Subjects J. Nutr., May 1, 2001; 131(5): 1471 - 1478. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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W. Marz, H. Scharnagl, C. Abletshauser, M. M. Hoffmann, A. Berg, J. Keul, H. Wieland, and M. W. Baumstark Fluvastatin Lowers Atherogenic Dense Low-Density Lipoproteins in Postmenopausal Women With the Atherogenic Lipoprotein Phenotype Circulation, April 17, 2001; 103(15): 1942 - 1948. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. H. Eckel Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia and Insulin Resistance : Distant Relatives Linked by Intra-abdominal Fat? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2001; 21(4): 469 - 470. [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. M. Suter, M. Gerritsen-Zehnder, E. Hasler, M. Gurtler, W. Vetter, and E. Hanseler Effect of Alcohol on Postprandial Lipemia with and without Preprandial Exercise J. Am. Coll. Nutr., February 1, 2001; 20(1): 58 - 64. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. M. Hoefner, S. D. Hodel, J. F. O'Brien, E. L. Branum, D. Sun, I. Meissner, and J. P. McConnell Development of a Rapid, Quantitative Method for LDL Subfractionation with Use of the Quantimetrix Lipoprint LDL System Clin. Chem., February 1, 2001; 47(2): 266 - 274. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. M. Krauss Atherogenic Lipoprotein Phenotype and Diet-Gene Interactions J. Nutr., February 1, 2001; 131(2): 340S - 343. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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B. L. Wajchenberg Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue: Their Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome Endocr. Rev., December 1, 2000; 21(6): 697 - 738. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A. Pedersen, M. W. Baumstark, P. Marckmann, H. Gylling, and B. Sandström An olive oil-rich diet results in higher concentrations of LDL cholesterol and a higher number of LDL subfraction particles than rapeseed oil and sunflower oil diets J. Lipid Res., December 1, 2000; 41(12): 1901 - 1911. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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K. Winkler, B. Wetzka, M. M. Hoffmann, I. Friedrich, M. Kinner, M. W. Baumstark, H. Wieland, W. März, and H. P. Zahradnik Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Subfractions during Pregnancy: Accumulation of Buoyant LDL with Advancing Gestation J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2000; 85(12): 4543 - 4550. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A. A. Rivellese, L. Patti, G. Romano, F. Innelli, L. Di Marino, G. Annuzzi, M. Iavicoli, G. A. Coronel, and G. Riccardi Effect of Insulin and Sulfonylurea Therapy, at the Same Level of Blood Glucose Control, on Low Density Lipoprotein Subfractions in Type 2 Diabetic Patients J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2000; 85(11): 4188 - 4192. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. Malkova, R. D. Evans, K. N. Frayn, S. M. Humphreys, P. R. M. Jones, and A. E. Hardman Prior exercise and postprandial substrate extraction across the human leg Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 2000; 279(5): E1020 - E1028. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C. R. Isasi, S. Shea, R. J. Deckelbaum, S. C. Couch, T. J. Starc, J. D. Otvos, and L. Berglund Apolipoprotein epsilon 2 Allele Is Associated With an Anti-atherogenic Lipoprotein Profile in Children: The Columbia University BioMarkers Study Pediatrics, September 1, 2000; 106(3): 568 - 575. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. Vakkilainen, S. Makimattila, A. Seppala-Lindroos, S. Vehkavaara, S. Lahdenpera, P.-H. Groop, M.-R. Taskinen, and H. Yki-Jarvinen Endothelial Dysfunction in Men With Small LDL Particles Circulation, August 15, 2000; 102(7): 716 - 721. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. M. Minihane, S. Khan, E. C. Leigh-Firbank, P. Talmud, J. W. Wright, M. C. Murphy, B. A. Griffin, and C. M. Williams ApoE Polymorphism and Fish Oil Supplementation in Subjects With an Atherogenic Lipoprotein Phenotype Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 2000; 20(8): 1990 - 1997. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. M Dreon, H. A Fernstrom, P. T Williams, and R. M Krauss Reduced LDL particle size in children consuming a very-low-fat diet is related to parental LDL-subclass patterns Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2000; 71(6): 1611 - 1616. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Oberman Hypertriglyceridemia and Coronary Heart Disease J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2000; 85(6): 2098 - 2105. [Full Text]
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J. S. Volek, A. L. Gomez, and W. J. Kraemer Fasting Lipoprotein and Postprandial Triacylglycerol Responses to a Low-Carbohydrate Diet Supplemented with n-3 Fatty Acids J. Am. Coll. Nutr., June 1, 2000; 19(3): 383 - 391. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. J. Talmud, K. L. Edwards, C. M. Turner, B. Newman, J. M. Palmen, S. E. Humphries, and M. A. Austin Linkage of the Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) Gene to LDL Particle Size : Use of a Novel Tetranucleotide Repeat Within the CETP Promoter Circulation, May 30, 2000; 101(21): 2461 - 2466. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. M. Schamberger, H. C. Geiss, M. M. Ritter, P. Schwandt, and K. G. Parhofer Influence of LDL apheresis on LDL subtypes in patients with coronary heart disease and severe hyperlipoproteinemia J. Lipid Res., May 1, 2000; 41(5): 727 - 733. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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H. Allayee, K. M. Dominguez, B. E. Aouizerat, R. M. Krauss, J. I. Rotter, J. Lu, R. M. Cantor, T. W. A. de Bruin, and A. J. Lusis Contribution of the hepatic lipase gene to the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype in familial combined hyperlipidemia J. Lipid Res., February 1, 2000; 41(2): 245 - 252. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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