Circulation, Vol 83, 1754-1763, Copyright © 1991 by American Heart Association
DJ Farrar, MG Bond, WA Riley and JK Sawyer
We noninvasively measured changes in average aortic stiffness in 79
cynomolgus monkeys being fed cholesterol progression, regression, and
control diets by measuring pulse wave velocity (PWV) in 260 experiments
during a 30-month period. Every 6 months, a group of monkeys was studied
with invasive aortic PWV techniques and with ultrasonically determined
pressure-strain elastic modulus (Ep) of the carotid artery, and then the
group was killed so that morphometric evaluation of atherosclerosis
severity could be made. After 6 months of a cholesterol progression diet,
PWV decreased slightly from 6.2 +/- 0.1 to 5.7 +/- 0.1 m/sec, followed by
an approximate linear increase to 8.8 +/- 1.2 m/sec after 30 months on the
diet. The corresponding ratio of intimal (plaque) area to medial area
(IA/MA) measured on perfusion-fixed cross- sections of the abdominal and
thoracic aortas increased from 0.16 +/- 0.07 at 6 months to 1.23 +/- 0.22
at 30 months. Monkeys in the regression groups were fed the cholesterol
progression diet for 18 months, followed by a chow diet for 6 or 12 months.
In the first 6 months of the cholesterol regression diet, PWV continued to
increase from 7.0 +/- 0.2 to 8.1 +/- 0.4 m/sec, and IA/MA was 1.24 +/-
0.18. However, after 12 months of the cholesterol regression diet, PWV
decreased to 6.8 +/- 0.4 m/sec, and IA/MA was 0.90 +/- 0.18. The
variability of the data demonstrates that PWV is not a simple function of
atherosclerosis severity, and the best simple correlation was r = 0.69 (r2
= 0.48) between PWV and intimal area. However, multiple regression analysis
of aortic PWV, systolic (SP) and diastolic (DP) blood pressures, and total
plasma cholesterol concentration (TPC), all of which can be measured with
minimally invasive techniques, improved the prediction of the IA/MA ratio
through the following equation: IA/MA = 0.127 PWV-0.039
DP+0.023SP+0.0003TPC-0.292 (r = 0.81, r2 = 0.66). These data suggest that
arterial stiffness in combination with minimally invasive parameters can be
used to predict the severity of diffuse asymptomatic atherosclerosis in
monkeys. However, more widespread application of these data to humans is
uncertain because of biological variability and differences between animal
models and human subjects.
ARTICLES
Anatomic correlates of aortic pulse wave velocity and carotid artery elasticity during atherosclerosis progression and regression in monkeys
Department of Physiology, Bowmann Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, N.C.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  K. G. Moulakakis, D. P. Sokolis, D. N. Perrea, T. Dosios, I. Dontas, M. V. Poulakou, C. A. Dimitriou, G. Sandris, and P. E. Karayannacos The Mechanical Performance and Histomorphological Structure of the Descending Aorta in Hyperthyroidism Angiology, June 1, 2007; 58(3): 343 - 352. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. J. Kullo, L. F. Bielak, S. T. Turner, P. F. Sheedy II, and P. A. Peyser Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity Is Associated With the Presence and Quantity of Coronary Artery Calcium: A Community-Based Study Hypertension, February 1, 2006; 47(2): 174 - 179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. V. Nair, D. Waters, W. Rogers, G. J. Kowalchuk, T. D. Stuckey, and D. M. Herrington Pulse Pressure and Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression in Postmenopausal Women Hypertension, January 1, 2005; 45(1): 53 - 57. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J Brodszki, C Bengtsson, T Lanne, O Nived, G Sturfelt, and K Marsal Abnormal mechanical properties of larger arteries in postmenopausal women with systemic lupus erythematosus Lupus, December 1, 2004; 13(12): 917 - 923. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. M. Herrington, W. V. Brown, L. Mosca, W. Davis, B. Eggleston, W. G. Hundley, and J. Raines Relationship Between Arterial Stiffness and Subclinical Aortic Atherosclerosis Circulation, July 27, 2004; 110(4): 432 - 437. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Meinders, L. Kornet, and A. P. G. Hoeks Assessment of spatial inhomogeneities in intima media thickness along an arterial segment using its dynamic behavior Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 5, 2003; 285(1): H384 - H391. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. J. Willens, W. Davis, D. M. Herrington, K. Wade, K. Kesler, S. Mallon, W. V. Brown, J. H. C. Reiber, and J. K. Raines Relationship of Peripheral Arterial Compliance and Standard Cardiovascular Risk Factors Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, May 1, 2003; 37(3): 197 - 206. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Bonapace, A. Rossi, M. Cicoira, L. Franceschini, G. Golia, L. Zanolla, P. Marino, and P. Zardini Aortic Distensibility Independently Affects Exercise Tolerance in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy Circulation, April 1, 2003; 107(12): 1603 - 1608. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Frick, S. P. Schwarzacher, H. F. Alber, A. Rinner, H. Ulmer, O. Pachinger, and F. Weidinger Morphologic rather than functional or mechanical sonographic parameters of the brachial artery are related to angiographically evident coronary atherosclerosis J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 20, 2002; 40(10): 1825 - 1830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. A. Kingwell, T. K. Waddell, T. L. Medley, J. D. Cameron, and A. M. Dart Large artery stiffness predicts ischemic threshold in patients with coronary artery disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 21, 2002; 40(4): 773 - 779. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. B. Wilkinson, K. Prasad, I. R. Hall, A. Thomas, H. MacCallum, D. J. Webb, M. P. Frenneaux, and J. R. Cockcroft Increased central pulse pressure and augmentation index in subjects with hypercholesterolemia J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 20, 2002; 39(6): 1005 - 1011. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Boutouyrie, A. I. Tropeano, R. Asmar, I. Gautier, A. Benetos, P. Lacolley, and S. Laurent Aortic Stiffness Is an Independent Predictor of Primary Coronary Events in Hypertensive Patients: A Longitudinal Study Hypertension, January 1, 2002; 39(1): 10 - 15. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Suzuki, A. Kashiwagi, Y. Nishio, K. Egawa, S. Shimizu, H. Maegawa, M. Haneda, H. Yasuda, S. Morikawa, T. Inubushi, et al. Increased Arterial Wall Stiffness Limits Flow Volume in the Lower Extremities in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Diabetes Care, December 1, 2001; 24(12): 2107 - 2114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. K. Waddell, A. M. Dart, T. L. Medley, J. D. Cameron, and B. A. Kingwell Carotid Pressure Is a Better Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease Severity Than Brachial Pressure Hypertension, October 1, 2001; 38(4): 927 - 931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Laurent, P. Boutouyrie, R. Asmar, I. Gautier, B. Laloux, L. Guize, P. Ducimetiere, and A. Benetos Aortic Stiffness Is an Independent Predictor of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Hypertensive Patients Hypertension, May 1, 2001; 37(5): 1236 - 1241. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. M. van Popele, D. E. Grobbee, M. L. Bots, R. Asmar, J. Topouchian, R. S. Reneman, A. P. G. Hoeks, D. A. M. van der Kuip, A. Hofman, and J. C. M. Witteman Association Between Arterial Stiffness and Atherosclerosis : The Rotterdam Study Stroke, February 1, 2001; 32(2): 454 - 460. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. J. Glynn, C. U. Chae, J. M. Guralnik, J. O. Taylor, and C. H. Hennekens Pulse Pressure and Mortality in Older People Arch Intern Med, October 9, 2000; 160(18): 2765 - 2772. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-X. Wang, M. Halks-Miller, R. Vergona, M. E. Sullivan, R. Fitch, C. Mallari, B. Martin-McNulty, V. da Cunha, A. Freay, G. M. Rubanyi, et al. Increased aortic stiffness assessed by pulse wave velocity in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2000; 278(2): H428 - H434. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Wilfert, K. Drischel, A. Unbehaun, H. Guski, P. B. Persson, and H. M. Stauss Vascular Response to Angiotensin II in Atherosclerosis : Role of the Baroreflex Hypertension, February 1, 2000; 35(2): 685 - 690. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Shishido, M. Sugimachi, O. Kawaguchi, H. Miyano, T. Kawada, W. Matsuura, Y. Ikeda, and K. Sunagawa Novel method to estimate ventricular contractility using intraventricular pulse wave velocity Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 1999; 277(6): H2409 - H2415. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. S. Saba, M. J. Roman, C. Longhini, D. Scorzoni, R. Pini, R. B. Devereux, and A. Ganau Carotid Intimal-Medial Thickness and Stiffness Are Not Affected by Hypercholesterolemia in Uncomplicated Essential Hypertension Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., November 1, 1999; 19(11): 2788 - 2794. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. L. Berry, R. A. P. Skyrme-Jones, J. D. Cameron, R. C. O'Brien, and I. T. Meredith Systemic arterial compliance is reduced in young patients with IDDM Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 1999; 276(6): H1839 - H1845. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Schmidt-Trucksass, D. Grathwohl, A. Schmid, R. Boragk, C. Upmeier, J. Keul, and M. Huonker Structural, Functional, and Hemodynamic Changes of the Common Carotid Artery With Age in Male Subjects Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., April 1, 1999; 19(4): 1091 - 1097. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Zureik, P.-J. Touboul, C. Bonithon-Kopp, D. Courbon, C. Berr, C. Leroux, and P. Ducimetiere Cross-Sectional and 4-Year Longitudinal Associations Between Brachial Pulse Pressure and Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in a General Population : The EVA Study Stroke, March 1, 1999; 30(3): 550 - 555. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. U. Chae, M. A. Pfeffer, R. J. Glynn, G. F. Mitchell, J. O. Taylor, and C. H. Hennekens Increased Pulse Pressure and Risk of Heart Failure in the Elderly JAMA, February 17, 1999; 281(7): 634 - 643. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. O. Toikka, P. Niemi, M. Ahotupa, H. Niinikoski, J. S. A. Viikari, T. Ronnemaa, J. J. Hartiala, and O. T. Raitakari Large-Artery Elastic Properties in Young Men : Relationships to Serum Lipoproteins and Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., February 1, 1999; 19(2): 436 - 441. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. D. Lehmann, K. D. Hopkins, A. Rawesh, R. C. Joseph, K. Kongola, S. W. Coppack, and R. G. Gosling Relation Between Number of Cardiovascular Risk Factors/Events and Noninvasive Doppler Ultrasound Assessments of Aortic Compliance Hypertension, September 1, 1998; 32(3): 565 - 569. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. F. Mitchell, L. A. Moye, E. Braunwald, J.-L. Rouleau, V. Bernstein, E. M. Geltman, G. C. Flaker, M. A. Pfeffer, and f. t. S. Investigators Sphygmomanometrically Determined Pulse Pressure Is a Powerful Independent Predictor of Recurrent Events After Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Impaired Left Ventricular Function Circulation, December 16, 1997; 96(12): 4254 - 4260. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Breithaupt-Grogler, M. Ling, H. Boudoulas, and G. G. Belz Protective Effect of Chronic Garlic Intake on Elastic Properties of Aorta in the Elderly Circulation, October 21, 1997; 96(8): 2649 - 2655. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Giannattasio, A. A. Mangoni, M. Failla, M. L. Stella, S. Carugo, M. Bombelli, R. Sega, and G. Mancia Combined Effects of Hypertension and Hypercholesterolemia on Radial Artery Function Hypertension, February 1, 1997; 29(2): 583 - 586. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Benetos, J. Topouchian, S. Ricard, S. Gautier, A. Bonnardeaux, R. Asmar, O. Poirier, F. Soubrier, M. Safar, and F. Cambien Influence of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Polymorphism on Aortic Stiffness in Never-Treated Hypertensive Patients Hypertension, July 1, 1995; 26(1): 44 - 47. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|