Circulation, Vol 84, 129-139, Copyright © 1991 by American Heart Association
JT Salonen, R Salonen, K Seppanen, R Rauramaa and J Tuomilehto
BACKGROUND. We investigated the association of cholesterol concentrations
in serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) and its subfractions HDL2 and HDL3
with the risk of acute myocardial infarction in 1,799 randomly selected men
42, 48, 54, or 60 years old. METHODS AND RESULTS. Baseline examinations in
the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study were done during
1984-1987. In Cox multivariate survival models adjusted for age and
examination year, serum HDL cholesterol of less than 1.09 mmol/l (42 mg/dl)
was associated with a 3.3-fold risk of acute myocardial infarction (95%
confidence intervals [CI], 1.7-6.4), serum HDL2, cholesterol of less than
0.65 mmol/l (25 mg/dl) was associated with a 4.0-fold risk of acute
myocardial infarction (95% CI, 1.9-8.3), and serum HDL3 cholesterol of less
than 0.40 mmol/l (15 mg/dl) was associated with a 2.0-fold (95% CI,
1.1-4.0) risk of acute myocardial infarction. Adjustments for obesity,
ischemic heart disease, other cardiovascular disease, maximal oxygen
uptake, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, serum low
density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations reduced
the excess risks associated with serum HDL, HDL2, and HDL3 cholesterol in
the lowest quartiles by 52%, 48%, and 41%, respectively. Additional
adjustments for alcohol consumption, cigarettes smoked daily, smoking
years, and leisure time energy expenditure reduced these excess risks
associated with low HDL, HDL2, and HDL3 cholesterol levels by another 26%,
24% and 21%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS. Our data confirm that both total
HDL and HDL2 levels have inverse associations with the risk of acute
myocardial infarction and may thus be protective factors in ischemic heart
disease, whereas the role of HDL3 remains equivocal.
ARTICLES
HDL, HDL2, and HDL3 subfractions, and the risk of acute myocardial infarction. A prospective population study in eastern Finnish men
Department of Community Health and General Practice, University of Kuopio, Finland.
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M L Bots, P C Elwood, J T Salonen, A Freire de Concalves, J Sivenius, A Di Carlo, Y Nikitin, V Benetou, J Tuomilehto, P J Koudstaal, et al. Level of fibrinogen and risk of fatal and non-fatal stroke. EUROSTROKE: a collaborative study among research centres in Europe J Epidemiol Community Health, February 1, 2002; 56(90001): i14 - 18. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M L Bots, J T Salonen, P C Elwood, Y Nikitin, A Freire de Concalves, D Inzitari, J Sivenius, A Trichopoulou, J Tuomilehto, P J Koudstaal, et al. {gamma}-Glutamyltransferase and risk of stroke: the EUROSTROKE project J Epidemiol Community Health, February 1, 2002; 56(90001): i25 - 29. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K G M Moons, M L Bots, J T Salonen, P C Elwood, A Freire de Concalves, Y Nikitin, J Sivenius, D Inzitari, V Benetou, J Tuomilehto, et al. Prediction of stroke in the general population in Europe (EUROSTROKE): Is there a role for fibrinogen and electrocardiography? J Epidemiol Community Health, February 1, 2002; 56(90001): i30 - 36. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. A. Laukkanen, S. Kurl, T. A. Lakka, T.-P. Tuomainen, R. Rauramaa, R. Salonen, J. Eranen, and J. T. Salonen Exercise-induced silent myocardial ischemia and coronary morbidity and mortality in middle-aged men J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 1, 2001; 38(1): 72 - 79. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Voutilainen, T. H. Rissanen, J. Virtanen, T. A. Lakka, and J. T. Salonen Low Dietary Folate Intake Is Associated With an Excess Incidence of Acute Coronary Events : The Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study Circulation, June 5, 2001; 103(22): 2674 - 2680. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H.-M. Lakka, T. A. Lakka, J. Tuomilehto, J. Sivenius, and J. T. Salonen Hyperinsulinemia and the Risk of Cardiovascular Death and Acute Coronary and Cerebrovascular Events in Men: The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study Arch Intern Med, April 24, 2000; 160(8): 1160 - 1168. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Lynch, S. P. Helmrich, T. A. Lakka, G. A. Kaplan, R. D. Cohen, R. Salonen, and J. T. Salonen Moderately Intense Physical Activities and High Levels of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Reduce the Risk of Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Middle-aged Men Arch Intern Med, June 24, 1996; 156(12): 1307 - 1314. [Abstract] [PDF]
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M. Halle, A. Berg, J. Keul, and M. W. Baumstark Association Between Serum Fibrinogen Concentrations and HDL and LDL Subfraction Phenotypes in Healthy Men Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 1996; 16(1): 144 - 148. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. Miller, R. G. Burgan, L. Osterlund, J. P. Segrest, and D. W. Garber A Prospective, Randomized Trial of Phenytoin in Nonepileptic Subjects With Reduced HDL Cholesterol Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 1995; 15(12): 2151 - 2156. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. T Salonen, K. Nyyssonen, T.-P. Tuomainen, P. H Maenpaa, H. Korpela, G. A Kaplan, J. Lynch, S. P Helmrich, and R. Salonen Increased risk of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus at low plasma vitamin E concentrations: a four year follow up study in men BMJ, October 28, 1995; 311(7013): 1124 - 1127. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. Lynch, G. A. Kaplan, R. Salonen, R. D. Cohen, and J. T. Salonen Socioeconomic Status and Carotid Atherosclerosis Circulation, October 1, 1995; 92(7): 1786 - 1792. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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U. Saxena, B. J. Auerbach, E. Ferguson, J. Wolle, Y. L. Marcel, K. H. Weisgraber, R. A. Hegele, and C. L. Bisgaier Apolipoprotein B and E Basic Amino Acid Clusters Influence Low-Density Lipoprotein Association with Lipoprotein Lipase Anchored to the Subendothelial Matrix Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 1995; 15(8): 1240 - 1247. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. T. Salonen, K. Seppanen, K. Nyyssonen, H. Korpela, J. Kauhanen, M. Kantola, J. Tuomilehto, H. Esterbauer, F. Tatzber, and R. Salonen Intake of Mercury From Fish, Lipid Peroxidation, and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Coronary, Cardiovascular, and Any Death in Eastern Finnish Men Circulation, February 1, 1995; 91(3): 645 - 655. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 T. A. Lakka, J. M. Venalainen, R. Rauramaa, R. Salonen, J. Tuomilehto, and J. T. Salonen Relation of Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness to the Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Men N. Engl. J. Med., June 2, 1994; 330(22): 1549 - 1554. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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R. S. Rosenson Low Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (Hypoalphalipoproteinemia) An Approach to Management Arch Intern Med, July 12, 1993; 153(13): 1528 - 1538. [Abstract] [PDF]
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M.C. Carr, A.F. Ayyobi, S.J. Murdoch, S.S. Deeb, and J.D. Brunzell Contribution of Hepatic Lipase, Lipoprotein Lipase, and Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein to LDL and HDL Heterogeneity in Healthy Women Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2002; 22(4): 667 - 673. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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