Circulation, Vol 84, 1176-1187, Copyright © 1991 by American Heart Association
GL Burke, PJ Savage, JM Sprafka, JV Selby, DR Jacobs Jr, LL Perkins, JM Roseman, GH Hughes and RR Fabsitz
BACKGROUND. The relation between self-reported parental disease and risk
factor levels was examined in 2,637 black and 2,478 white men and women
aged 18-30 years at the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults
(CARDIA) Study baseline examination (1985-1986). METHODS AND RESULTS. The
prevalence of parental disease (at least one parent) in white versus black
participants was 44% and 56% for hypertension, 47% and 44% for obesity, 16%
and 13% for myocardial infarction, 11% and 17% for diabetes, and 6% and 10%
for stroke, respectively. Among these young adults, parental hypertension
was associated with higher sex- and age-adjusted systolic and diastolic
blood pressure levels. Parental myocardial infarction was associated with
higher plasma cholesterol, higher blood pressure levels, and lower high
density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in white participants. Parental
diabetes was associated with higher fasting blood glucose and insulin
levels in all race-sex groups and with higher triglycerides and lower high
density lipoprotein cholesterol in black participants only. Parental
history of obesity was related to less favorable age- and sex-adjusted
lipid levels in white participants and higher blood pressure levels in
black participants. Parental history of stroke was associated with higher
systolic blood pressure levels in black participants. In general, these
differences across family history were predicted only in part by obesity.
The prevalence of more than one disease reported in parents occurred more
frequently than would have been expected due to chance alone. CONCLUSIONS.
These associations between parental disease and risk factors in their adult
children probably reflects the impact of both environmental and genetic
factors. Parental history may be a useful marker for high risk individuals.
ARTICLES
Relation of risk factor levels in young adulthood to parental history of disease. The CARDIA study
Department of Public Health Sciences, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27103.
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