Circulation, Vol 85, 1374-1379, Copyright © 1992 by American Heart Association
JJ McMurray, SG Ray, I Abdullah, HJ Dargie and JJ Morton
BACKGROUND. Endothelins are recently characterized vasoconstrictor
peptides. As chronic heart failure (CHF) is characterized by peripheral
arteriolar and renal vasoconstriction, we have measured venous plasma
endothelin-like immunoreactivity ("endothelin") in patients with this
syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS. Compared with age- and sex-matched healthy
volunteers (mean +/- SEM plasma endothelin concentration 6.4 +/- 0.3
pmol/l, n = 16), patients with severe CHF had elevated peripheral venous
endothelin concentrations (12.4 +/- 0.6 pmol/l, n = 47, p less than 0.01).
Plasma endothelin did not increase with exercise in normal subjects or in
patients. Plasma endothelin concentration (mean, 13.4 +/- 0.9 pmol/l) did
not correlate with plasma atrial natriuretic factor concentration (mean,
88.9 +/- 11.9 pg/ml) in patients with CHF (n = 21). There was also no
correlation between plasma endothelin and serum urea or between endothelin
and serum creatinine in patients with CHF (n = 34). There was, however,
significant renal extraction of endothelin (aorta, 11.1 +/- 0.8 pmol/l;
renal vein, 8.8 +/- 0.6 pmol/ml; p = 0.02) in patients with CHF (n = 13).
CONCLUSIONS. Evidence suggests that circulatory endothelin concentrations
in the range 5-40 pmol/l are vasoactive. Consequently, the endothelin
concentrations found in patients with CHF may be of pathophysiological
significance.
ARTICLES
Plasma endothelin in chronic heart failure
Department of Cardiology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.
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M. Hulsmann, B. Stanek, B. Frey, B. Sturm, D. Putz, T. Kos, R. Berger, W. Woloszczuk, G. Maurer, and R. Pacher Value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing and big endothelin plasma levels to predict short-term prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 15, 1998; 32(6): 1695 - 1700. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Dupuis, J.-L. Rouleau, and P. Cernacek Reduced Pulmonary Clearance of Endothelin-1 Contributes to the Increase of Circulating Levels in Heart Failure Secondary to Myocardial Infarction Circulation, October 20, 1998; 98(16): 1684 - 1687. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. J. Cowburn, J. G.F. Cleland, J. D. McArthur, M. R. MacLean, H. J. Dargie, J. J.V. McMurray, and J. J. Morton Endothelin-1 has haemodynamic effects at pathophysiological concentrations in patients with left ventricular dysfunction Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 1998; 39(3): 563 - 570. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. J. Kelso, J. P. Spiers, B. J. McDermott, C. N. Scholfield, and B. Silke Receptor-Mediated Effects of Endothelin on the L-Type Ca++ Current in Ventricular Cardiomyocytes J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., August 1, 1998; 286(2): 662 - 669. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S M Maguire, A G Nugent, C McGurk, G D Johnston, and D P Nicholls Abnormal vascular responses in human chronic cardiac failure are both endothelium dependent and endothelium independent Heart, August 1, 1998; 80(2): 141 - 145. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 Z. Abassi, K. Gurbanov, I. Rubinstein, O. S. Better, A. Hoffman, and J. Winaver Regulation of intrarenal blood flow in experimental heart failure: role of endothelin and nitric oxide Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, April 1, 1998; 274(4): F766 - F774. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 H. Krum, R. J. Viskoper, Y. Lacourciere, M. Budde, V. Charlon, and The Bosentan Hypertension Investigators The Effect of an Endothelin-Receptor Antagonist, Bosentan, on Blood Pressure in Patients with Essential Hypertension N. Engl. J. Med., March 19, 1998; 338(12): 784 - 791. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C. Haug, W. Koenig, M. Hoeher, M. Kochs, V. Hombach, A. Gruenert, and H. Osterhues Direct enzyme immunometric measurement of plasma big endothelin-1 concentrations and correlation with indicators of left ventricular function Clin. Chem., February 1, 1998; 44(2): 239 - 243. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Mulder, V. Richard, G. Derumeaux, M. Hogie, J. P. Henry, F. Lallemand, P. Compagnon, B. Mace, E. Comoy, B. Letac, et al. Role of Endogenous Endothelin in Chronic Heart Failure : Effect of Long-term Treatment With an Endothelin Antagonist on Survival, Hemodynamics, and Cardiac Remodeling Circulation, September 16, 1997; 96(6): 1976 - 1982. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 C. H BUCKLEY, P. W F HADOKE, and C. J O'BRIEN Use of isolated ocular arteries in vitro to define the pathology of vascular changes in glaucoma Br J Ophthalmol, July 1, 1997; 81(7): 599 - 607. [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Yazaki and T. Yamazaki Reversing Congestive Heart Failure With Endothelin Receptor Antagonists Circulation, April 1, 1997; 95(7): 1752 - 1754. [Full Text]
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M. P. Love, W. G. Haynes, G. A. Gray, D. J. Webb, and J. J.V. McMurray Vasodilator Effects of Endothelin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Endothelin ETA Receptor Blockade in Chronic Heart Failure Patients Treated With ACE Inhibitors Circulation, November 1, 1996; 94(9): 2131 - 2137. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S. Sakai, T. Miyauchi, T. Sakurai, Y. Kasuya, M. Ihara, I. Yamaguchi, K. Goto, and Y. Sugishita Endogenous Endothelin-1 Participates in the Maintenance of Cardiac Function in Rats With Congestive Heart Failure : Marked Increase in Endothelin-1 Production in the Failing Heart Circulation, March 15, 1996; 93(6): 1214 - 1222. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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K. Setsuta, Y. Seino, Y. Tomita, J. Nejima, T. Takano, and H. Hayakawa Origin and Pathophysiological Role of Increased Plasma Endothelin-1 in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Angiology, July 1, 1995; 46(7): 557 - 565. [Abstract] [PDF]
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S. Goerre, M. Wenk, P. Bartsch, T. F. Luscher, F. Niroomand, E. Hohenhaus, O. Oelz, and W. H. Reinhart Endothelin-1 in Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With High-Altitude Exposure Circulation, January 15, 1995; 91(2): 359 - 364. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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F. X. McGowan Jr., P. J. Davis, R. D. Siewers, and P. J. del Nido Coronary vasoconstriction mediated by endothelin-1 in neonates: Reversal by nitroglycerin J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., January 1, 1995; 109(1): 88 - 98. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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