Circulation, Vol 86, 563-571, Copyright © 1992 by American Heart Association
T Miura, S Miyazaki, BD Guth, M Kambayashi and J Ross Jr
BACKGROUND. The magnitude of the force-frequency effect on myocardial
contractility in the conscious animal has been studied at rest, but it has
not been assessed during exercise. METHODS AND RESULTS. The influence of
heart rate (HR) changes were evaluated during treadmill exercise in eight
preinstrumented, conscious dogs in which high- fidelity left ventricular
(LV) pressure, LV volume (by sonomicrometry), and aortic pressure were
measured. Under resting conditions, end- systolic pressure-volume relations
were obtained using inferior vena caval occlusion. Dogs were run on a
treadmill, and the intrinsic exercise HR was reduced by infusion of a
specific bradycardic drug (UL- FS 49 0.5 mg/kg) during continuing exercise
while HR was maintained at 240 beats per minute by atrial pacing. At 6
minutes of running at a fixed, paced HR when a stable drug effect had been
achieved, no effects of UL-FS 49 on measures of LV contractility were
detected compared with exercise before drug administration. HR was then
reduced stepwise from 240 to 210, 180, or 150 beats per minute in a random
manner, returning to 240 beats per minute between steps. Progressive
reductions in measures of myocardial contractility occurred as the HR was
slowed, and reduction of rate from 240 to 150 beats per minute reduced the
LV maximum positive dP/dt by 31% and (dP/dt)DP40 by 21% despite increases
in LV end-diastolic pressure. The entire end-systolic pressure-volume could
not be determined during exercise, but beat-averaged end-systolic
pressure-volume points during exercise were progressively shifted to the
right and downward by slowing the exercise HR. Thus, a pronounced negative
inotropic influence of slowing the heart was observed during exercise, and
the rate of ventricular relaxation (tau) was also significantly prolonged.
CONCLUSIONS. These findings indicate that force-frequency effects on the
inotropic state of the intact LV are markedly enhanced by exercise.
ARTICLES
Influence of the force-frequency relation on left ventricular function during exercise in conscious dogs
Yamaguchi University, Japan.
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