This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by DeRuiter, M. C. Articles by Mentink, M. M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by DeRuiter, M. C. Articles by Mentink, M. M.

Circulation, Vol 87, 1306-1319, Copyright © 1993 by American Heart Association

ARTICLES

Development of the pharyngeal arch system related to the pulmonary and bronchial vessels in the avian embryo. With a concept on systemic- pulmonary collateral artery formation

MC DeRuiter, AC Gittenberger-de Groot, RE Poelmann, L VanIperen and MM Mentink
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Leiden, The Netherlands.

BACKGROUND. The literature is ambiguous as to the question of the developmental background of systemic-pulmonary collateral arteries. These are found in combination with various congenital heart malformations such as pulmonary atresia. From a clinical point of view, it is of interest to know whether we are dealing with the persistence of transient embryological vessels such as ventral segmental arteries or parts of pharyngeal arch arteries or with the prenatal or postnatal recruitment of the bronchial vasculature that normally supplies the lung. This study of the embryology of the extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary vasculature aims at a better understanding of the variations in origin, course, branching pattern, and histology of collateral arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS. Serial sections of quail embryos ranging between stage HH11 and stage HH28 were incubated with a monoclonal antibody (alpha MB1) against endothelial cells and their precursors. Additional series of chick embryos were injected with india ink to study the lumenized vascular patterns. A splanchnic plexus consisting of endothelial cells and precursors is present around the foregut before the lung buds develop. This plexus expands and gives rise to the pharyngeal arch arteries, the ventral pharyngeal veins, the pulmonary vessels, and the bronchial vessels, including the intrapulmonary vessel network. During two subsequent periods, the splanchnic plexus is transiently connected to the systemic arteries and veins. The bronchial arteries and veins develop in the second period from these transient vessels. The expansion and extension of the splanchnic plexus to many organs during the formation of the bronchial vessels explains the varying course and branching pattern of the bronchial vasculature. CONCLUSIONS. These results show that we are not dealing with two or more individual vascular systems that contribute to the developing vessels of the lungs but with one vascular plexus that normally gives rise to the pulmonary and bronchial vasculature but has the potential to give rise to other systemic-pulmonary connections.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				B. Davies, S. Mussa, P. Davies, J. Stickley, T. J. Jones, D. J. Barron, and W. J. Brawn Unifocalization of major aortopulmonary collateral arteries in pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect is essential to achieve excellent outcomes irrespective of native pulmonary artery morphology J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., December 1, 2009; 138(6): 1269 - 1275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Ozden, B. Mutlu, G. Kahveci, F. Bayrak, L. Saltik, S. Guran, and Y. Basaran Pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect with MAPCAs associated with right sided endocarditis and paradoxical embolic event Eur J Echocardiogr, August 1, 2007; 8(4): 292 - 295. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. N. Makanya, R. Hlushchuk, O. Baum, N. Velinov, M. Ochs, and V. Djonov Microvascular endowment in the developing chicken embryo lung Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, May 1, 2007; 292(5): L1136 - L1146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. M.S. van den Akker, D. G.M. Molin, P. P.W.M. Peters, S. Maas, L. J. Wisse, R. van Brempt, C. J. van Munsteren, M. M. Bartelings, R. E. Poelmann, P. Carmeliet, et al. Tetralogy of Fallot and Alterations in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Signaling and Notch Signaling in Mouse Embryos Solely Expressing the VEGF120 Isoform Circ. Res., March 30, 2007; 100(6): 842 - 849. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. T. Soufan, M. J.B. van den Hoff, J. M. Ruijter, P. A.J. de Boer, J. Hagoort, S. Webb, R. H. Anderson, and A. F.M. Moorman Reconstruction of the Patterns of Gene Expression in the Developing Mouse Heart Reveals an Architectural Arrangement That Facilitates the Understanding of Atrial Malformations and Arrhythmias Circ. Res., December 10, 2004; 95(12): 1207 - 1215. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. G.M Molin, M. C DeRuiter, L. J Wisse, M. Azhar, T. Doetschman, R. E Poelmann, and A. C Gittenberger-de Groot Altered apoptosis pattern during pharyngeal arch artery remodelling is associated with aortic arch malformations in Tgf{beta}2 knock-out mice Cardiovasc Res, November 1, 2002; 56(2): 312 - 322. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. B. Albanese, A. Carotti, A. Toscano, B. Marino, and R. M. Di Donato Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and systemic-pulmonary collateral arteries Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 2002; 73(4): 1322 - 1324. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. K. Lofland The management of pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect, and multiple aorta pulmonary collateral arteries by definitive single stage repair in early infancy Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., October 1, 2000; 18(4): 480 - 486. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. Amin, D. B. McElhinney, V. M. Reddy, P. Moore, F. L. Hanley, and D. F. Teitel Coronary to pulmonary artery collaterals in patients with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 2000; 70(1): 119 - 123. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Bergwerff, M. E. Verberne, M. C. DeRuiter, R. E. Poelmann, and A. C. Gittenberger-de-Groot Neural Crest Cell Contribution to the Developing Circulatory System : Implications for Vascular Morphology? Circ. Res., February 9, 1998; 82(2): 221 - 231. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M Chessa, G Butera, P Bonhoeffer, L Iserin, J Kachaner, S Lyonnet, A Munnich, D Sidi, and D Bonnet Relation of genotype 22q11 deletion to phenotype of pulmonary vessels in tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia-ventricular septal defect Heart, February 1, 1998; 79(2): 186 - 190. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. C. DeRuiter, A. C. Gittenberger-de Groot, A. J. J. C. Bogers, and N. J. Elzenga The restricted surgical relevance of morphologic criteria to classify systemic-pulmonary collateral arteries in pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., October 1, 1994; 108(4): 692 - 699. [Abstract] [Full Text]