| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Circulation, Vol 88, 20-28, Copyright © 1993 by American Heart Association
DH Blankenhorn, RH Selzer, DW Crawford, JD Barth, CR Liu, CH Liu, WJ Mack and P Alaupovic
BACKGROUND. Controlled clinical trials have reported treatment effects
evaluated with serial imaging in coronary and femoral but not cervical
arteries. The Cholesterol Lowering Atherosclerosis Study, a coronary,
cervical, and femoral angiographic trial of colestipol plus niacin,
included a pilot study of standardized carotid ultrasound imaging. METHODS
AND RESULTS. Seventy-eight subjects had ultrasound studies at baseline, 2,
and 4 years. Twenty-four drug and 22 placebo subjects had carotid
ultrasound images at baseline, 2, and 4 years with matching cervical
angiograms. Computer image processing was applied to ultrasound images of
common carotid (far wall) and cervical angiograms. Computer operators were
blind to treatment group. Carotid ultrasound measurements were tested for
treatment effects and compared with measurements of atherosclerosis in
coronary and cervical angiograms. Drug subjects showed significant
progressive reduction in carotid thickness at 2 (P = .0001) and 4 years (P
= .0001); placebo subjects significantly increased wall thickness at 2 and
4 years. Reduced levels of apolipoprotein B and increased levels of high
density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein C-III were significant
predictors of carotid wall thinning. Ultrasound-measured carotid
intima-media thickness was correlated at baseline with visually read
coronary angiographic stenosis and at 2 years with a robust computer
measurement of mild carotid atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS. Common carotid
intima- media thickening can be reduced by colestipol-niacin treatment.
Two- year image-processed carotid ultrasound trials can provide adequate
power with 50 subjects per group to test for this treatment effect.
ARTICLES
Beneficial effects of colestipol-niacin therapy on the common carotid artery. Two- and four-year reduction of intima-media thickness measured by ultrasound
Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  B. V. Howard, M. J. Roman, R. B. Devereux, J. L. Fleg, J. M. Galloway, J. A. Henderson, Wm. J. Howard, E. T. Lee, M. Mete, B. Poolaw, et al. Effect of Lower Targets for Blood Pressure and LDL Cholesterol on Atherosclerosis in Diabetes: The SANDS Randomized Trial JAMA, April 9, 2008; 299(14): 1678 - 1689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. J.P. Kastelein and E. de Groot Ultrasound imaging techniques for the evaluation of cardiovascular therapies Eur. Heart J., April 1, 2008; 29(7): 849 - 858. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. M. Singh, M. H. Shishehbor, and B. J. Ansell High-Density Lipoprotein as a Therapeutic Target: A Systematic Review JAMA, August 15, 2007; 298(7): 786 - 798. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C.-C. Szeto, K.-M. Chow, K.-S. Woo, P. Chook, B. Ching-Ha Kwan, C.-B. Leung, and P. Kam-Tao Li Carotid Intima Media Thickness Predicts Cardiovascular Diseases in Chinese Predialysis Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., June 1, 2007; 18(6): 1966 - 1972. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Wunsch, G. de Sousa, A. M. Toschke, and T. Reinehr Intima-Media Thickness in Obese Children Before and After Weight Loss Pediatrics, December 1, 2006; 118(6): 2334 - 2340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Kanadasi, M. Cayli, M. San, K. Aikimbaev, C. C. Alhan, M. Demir, and M. Demirtas The Presence of a Calcific Plaque in the Common Carotid Artery as a Predictor of Coronary Atherosclerosis Angiology, October 1, 2006; 57(5): 585 - 592. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. R. Crouse III Thematic review series: Patient-Oriented Research. Imaging atherosclerosis: state of the art J. Lipid Res., August 1, 2006; 47(8): 1677 - 1699. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. B. Goldstein, R. Adams, M. J. Alberts, L. J. Appel, L. M. Brass, C. D. Bushnell, A. Culebras, T. J. DeGraba, P. B. Gorelick, J. R. Guyton, et al. Primary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council: Cosponsored by the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Interdisciplinary Working Group; Cardiovascular Nursing Council; Clinical Cardiology Council; Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Council; and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline. Circulation, June 20, 2006; 113(24): e873 - e923. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. B. Goldstein, R. Adams, M. J. Alberts, L. J. Appel, L. M. Brass, C. D. Bushnell, A. Culebras, T. J. DeGraba, P. B. Gorelick, J. R. Guyton, et al. Primary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council: Cosponsored by the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Interdisciplinary Working Group; Cardiovascular Nursing Council; Clinical Cardiology Council; Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Council; and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline. Stroke, June 1, 2006; 37(6): 1583 - 1633. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Raggi, A. Taylor, Z. Fayad, D. O'Leary, S. Nissen, D. Rader, and L. J. Shaw Atherosclerotic Plaque Imaging: Contemporary Role in Preventive Cardiology Arch Intern Med, November 14, 2005; 165(20): 2345 - 2353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. M. Mayosi, P. J. Avery, M. Baker, N. Gaukrodger, H. Imrie, F. R. Green, M. Farrall, H. Watkins, and B. Keavney Genotype at the -174G/C Polymorphism of the Interleukin-6 Gene Is Associated With Common Carotid Artery Intimal-Medial Thickness: Family Study and Meta-Analysis Stroke, October 1, 2005; 36(10): 2215 - 2219. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N Gaukrodger, B M Mayosi, H Imrie, P Avery, M Baker, J M C Connell, H Watkins, M Farrall, and B Keavney A rare variant of the leptin gene has large effects on blood pressure and carotid intima-medial thickness: a study of 1428 individuals in 248 families J. Med. Genet., June 1, 2005; 42(6): 474 - 478. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Taylor, L. E. Sullenberger, H. J. Lee, J. K. Lee, and K. A. Grace Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol (ARBITER) 2: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Extended-Release Niacin on Atherosclerosis Progression in Secondary Prevention Patients Treated With Statins Circulation, December 7, 2004; 110(23): 3512 - 3517. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. de Groot, G. K. Hovingh, A. Wiegman, P. Duriez, A. J. Smit, J.-C. Fruchart, and J. J.P. Kastelein Measurement of Arterial Wall Thickness as a Surrogate Marker for Atherosclerosis Circulation, June 15, 2004; 109(23_suppl_1): III-33 - III-38. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Poredos Intima-media thickness: indicator of cardiovascular risk and measure of the extent of atherosclerosis Vascular Medicine, February 1, 2004; 9(1): 46 - 54. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Bots, G. W. Evans, W. A. Riley, and D. E. Grobbee Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Measurements in Intervention Studies: Design Options, Progression Rates, and Sample Size Considerations: A Point of View Stroke, December 1, 2003; 34(12): 2985 - 2994. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. F. Meschia and T. C. Gerber Editorial Comment--Vascular Thickness and Calcification as Markers of Atherosclerotic Burden Stroke, October 1, 2003; 34(10): 2372 - 2373. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. F. Redberg, P. Greenland, V. Fuster, K. Pyorala, S. N. Blair, A. R. Folsom, A. B. Newman, D. H. O'Leary, T. J. Orchard, B. Psaty, et al. Prevention Conference VI: Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Writing Group III: Risk Assessment in Persons With Diabetes Circulation, May 7, 2002; 105 (18): e144 - e152. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Wiklund, J. Hulthe, J. Wikstrand, C. Schmidt, S.-O. Olofsson, and G. Bondjers Effect of Controlled Release/Extended Release Metoprolol on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients With Hypercholesterolemia: A 3-Year Randomized Study Stroke, February 1, 2002; 33(2): 572 - 577. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. E. Chambless, A. R. Folsom, V. Davis, R. Sharrett, G. Heiss, P. Sorlie, M. Szklo, G. Howard, and G. W. Evans Risk Factors for Progression of Common Carotid Atherosclerosis: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, 1987-1998 Am. J. Epidemiol., January 1, 2002; 155(1): 38 - 47. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. N. Hodis, W. J. Mack, R. A. Lobo, D. Shoupe, A. Sevanian, P. R. Mahrer, R. H. Selzer, C.-r. Liu, C.-h. Liu, S. P. Azen, et al. Estrogen in the Prevention of Atherosclerosis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Ann Intern Med, December 4, 2001; 135(11): 939 - 953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. A. BENEDETTO, F. MALLAMACI, G. TRIPEPI, and C. ZOCCALI Prognostic Value of Ultrasonographic Measurement of Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Dialysis Patients J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., November 1, 2001; 12(11): 2458 - 2464. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Elkind, J. Cheng, B. Boden-Albala, M. C. Paik, and R. L. Sacco Elevated White Blood Cell Count and Carotid Plaque Thickness : The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study Stroke, April 1, 2001; 32(4): 842 - 849. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Angerer, S. Stork, W. Kothny, P. Schmitt, and C. von Schacky Effect of Oral Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement on Progression of Atherosclerosis : A Randomized, Controlled Trial Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., February 1, 2001; 21(2): 262 - 268. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. B. Goldstein, R. Adams, K. Becker, C. D. Furberg, P. B. Gorelick, G. Hademenos, M. Hill, G. Howard, V. J. Howard, B. Jacobs, et al. Primary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke : A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association Circulation, January 2, 2001; 103(1): 163 - 182. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. B. Goldstein, R. Adams, K. Becker, C. D. Furberg, P. B. Gorelick, G. Hademenos, M. Hill, G. Howard, V. J. Howard, B. Jacobs, et al. Primary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke : A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association Stroke, January 1, 2001; 32(1): 280 - 299. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Rubenfire, S. Rajagopalan, and L. Mosca Carotid artery vasoreactivity in response to sympathetic stress correlates with coronary disease risk and is independent of wall thickness J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 2000; 36(7): 2192 - 2197. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Waterworth, P. J. Talmud, S. R. Bujac, R. M. Fisher, G. J. Miller, and S. E. Humphries Contribution of Apolipoprotein C-III Gene Variants to Determination of Triglyceride Levels and Interaction With Smoking in Middle-Aged Men Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., December 1, 2000; 20(12): 2663 - 2669. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Liu, C. Labeur, C.-F. Xu, R. Ferrell, L. Lins, R. Brasseur, M. Rosseneu, K. M. Weiss, S. E. Humphries, and P. J. Talmud Characterization of the lipid-binding properties and lipoprotein lipase inhibition of a novel apolipoprotein C-III variant Ala23Thr J. Lipid Res., November 1, 2000; 41(11): 1760 - 1771. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. D. White, R. J. Simes, N. E. Anderson, G. J. Hankey, J. D.G. Watson, D. Hunt, D. M. Colquhoun, P. Glasziou, S. MacMahon, A. C. Kirby, et al. Pravastatin Therapy and the Risk of Stroke N. Engl. J. Med., August 3, 2000; 343(5): 317 - 326. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Zureik, P. Ducimetiere, P.-J. Touboul, D. Courbon, C. Bonithon-Kopp, C. Berr, and C. Magne Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Predicts Occurrence of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques : Longitudinal Results From the Aging Vascular Study (EVA) Study Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., June 1, 2000; 20(6): 1622 - 1629. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Baldassarre, E. Tremoli, M. Amato, F. Veglia, A. Bondioli, and C. R. Sirtori Reproducibility Validation Study Comparing Analog and Digital Imaging Technologies for the Measurement of Intima-Media Thickness Stroke, May 1, 2000; 31(5): 1104 - 1110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Buttitta, U. Limbruno, A. S. Petronio, R. Baglini, G. Strata, R. Mariotti, M. Ciccone, M. Mariani, and A. Balbarini Usefulness of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Measurement and Peripheral B-Mode Ultrasound Scan in the Clinical Screening of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Angiology, April 1, 2000; 51(4): 269 - 279. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Castillo-Richmond, R. H. Schneider, C. N. Alexander, R. Cook, H. Myers, S. Nidich, C. Haney, M. Rainforth, and J. Salerno Effects of Stress Reduction on Carotid Atherosclerosis in Hypertensive African Americans Stroke, March 1, 2000; 31(3): 568 - 573. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Greenland, J. Abrams, G. P. Aurigemma, M. G. Bond, L. T. Clark, M. H. Criqui, J. R. Crouse III, L. Friedman, V. Fuster, D. M. Herrington, et al. Prevention Conference V : Beyond Secondary Prevention : Identifying the High-Risk Patient for Primary Prevention : Noninvasive Tests of Atherosclerotic Burden : Writing Group III Circulation, January 4, 2000; 101 (1): e16 - e22. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Kauhanen, G. A. Kaplan, D. E. Goldberg, R. Salonen, and J. T. Salonen Pattern of Alcohol Drinking and Progression of Atherosclerosis Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., December 1, 1999; 19(12): 3001 - 3006. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Hashimoto, M. Eto, M. Akishita, K. Kozaki, J. Ako, K. Iijima, S. Kim, K. Toba, M. Yoshizumi, and Y. Ouchi Correlation Between Flow-Mediated Vasodilatation of the Brachial Artery and Intima-Media Thickness in the Carotid Artery in Men Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., November 1, 1999; 19(11): 2795 - 2800. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Cohn, C. Marcoux, and J. Davignon Detection, Quantification, and Characterization of Potentially Atherogenic Triglyceride-Rich Remnant Lipoproteins Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., October 1, 1999; 19(10): 2474 - 2486. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. S. Woo, P. Chook, O. T. Raitakari, B. McQuillan, J. Z. Feng, and D. S. Celermajer Westernization of Chinese Adults and Increased Subclinical Atherosclerosis Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., October 1, 1999; 19(10): 2487 - 2493. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Nagai, E J. Metter, and J. L Fleg Increased carotid artery intimal-medial thickness: risk factor for exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in asymptomatic older individuals Vascular Medicine, August 1, 1999; 4(3): 181 - 186. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. T. Raitakari, M. R. Adams, and D. S. Celermajer Effect of Lp(a) on the Early Functional and Structural Changes of Atherosclerosis Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., April 1, 1999; 19(4): 990 - 995. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Ebrahim, O. Papacosta, P. Whincup, G. Wannamethee, M. Walker, A. N. Nicolaides, S. Dhanjil, M. Griffin, G. Belcaro, A. Rumley, et al. Carotid Plaque, Intima Media Thickness, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease in Men and Women : The British Regional Heart Study Stroke, April 1, 1999; 30(4): 841 - 850. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. H. O'Leary, J. F. Polak, R. A. Kronmal, T. A. Manolio, G. L. Burke, S. K. Wolfson, and The Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Rese Carotid-Artery Intima and Media Thickness as a Risk Factor for Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Older Adults N. Engl. J. Med., January 7, 1999; 340(1): 14 - 22. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-L. M. Gronholdt Ultrasound and Lipoproteins as Predictors of Lipid-Rich, Rupture-Prone Plaques in the Carotid Artery Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., January 1, 1999; 19(1): 2 - 13. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. J. Smilde, F. W. P. J. van den Berkmortel, G. H. J. Boers, H. Wollersheim, T. de Boo, H. van Langen, and A. F. H. Stalenhoef Carotid and Femoral Artery Wall Thickness and Stiffness in Patients at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease, With Special Emphasis on Hyperhomocysteinemia Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., December 1, 1998; 18(12): 1958 - 1963. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. MacMahon, N. Sharpe, G. Gamble, H. Hart, J. Scott, J. Simes, and H. White Effects of Lowering Average or Below-Average Cholesterol Levels on the Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis : Results of the LIPID Atherosclerosis Substudy Circulation, May 19, 1998; 97(18): 1784 - 1790. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Grover, S. Paquet, C. Levinton, L. Coupal, and H. Zowall Estimating the Benefits of Modifying Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease: A Comparison of Primary vs Secondary Prevention Arch Intern Med, March 23, 1998; 158(6): 655 - 662. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. W. Kamarck, S. A. Everson, G. A. Kaplan, S. B. Manuck, J. R. Jennings, R. Salonen, and J. T. Salonen Exaggerated Blood Pressure Responses During Mental Stress Are Associated With Enhanced Carotid Atherosclerosis in Middle-Aged Finnish Men : Findings From the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Study Circulation, December 2, 1997; 96(11): 3842 - 3848. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. J. Vagnini, S. Hill, J. Puvogel, and J. Puvogel The Use of Multisite High Resolution Arterial Imaging to Assess Arteriosclerosis Angiology, December 1, 1997; 48(12): 1023 - 1030. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Bots, A. Hofman, and D. E. Grobbee Increased Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness : Adaptive Response or a Reflection of Atherosclerosis? Findings From the Rotterdam Study Stroke, December 1, 1997; 28(12): 2442 - 2447. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Wendelhag, Q. Liang, T. Gustavsson, and J. Wikstrand A New Automated Computerized Analyzing System Simplifies Readings and Reduces the Variability in Ultrasound Measurement of Intima-Media Thickness Stroke, November 1, 1997; 28(11): 2195 - 2200. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Bots, A. W. Hoes, P. J. Koudstaal, A. Hofman, and D. E. Grobbee Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Risk of Stroke and Myocardial Infarction : The Rotterdam Study Circulation, September 2, 1997; 96(5): 1432 - 1437. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Spacil, R. Ceska, J. Sobra, J. Petrasek, and J. Spacil Decreasing Common Carotid Artery Intimal Thickness During Hypolipidemic Therapy Angiology, September 1, 1997; 48(9): 761 - 767. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Everson, G. A. Kaplan, D. E. Goldberg, R. Salonen, and J. T. Salonen Hopelessness and 4-Year Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis : The Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., August 1, 1997; 17(8): 1490 - 1495. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Hulthe, J. Wikstrand, H. Emanuelsson, O. Wiklund, P. J. de Feyter, and I. Wendelhag Atherosclerotic Changes in the Carotid Artery Bulb as Measured by B-Mode Ultrasound Are Associated With the Extent of Coronary Atherosclerosis Stroke, June 1, 1997; 28(6): 1189 - 1194. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. N. Hodis, W. J. Mack, M. Dunn, C.-r. Liu, C.-h. Liu, R. H. Selzer, and R. M. Krauss Intermediate-Density Lipoproteins and Progression of Carotid Arterial Wall Intima-Media Thickness Circulation, April 15, 1997; 95(8): 2022 - 2026. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|