Donate Help Contact The AHA Sign In Home
American Heart Association
Circulation
Search: search_blue_button Advanced Search
Circulation. 1994;89:52-60

This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Reis, S. E.
Right arrow Articles by Brinker, J. A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Reis, S. E.
Right arrow Articles by Brinker, J. A.

Circulation, Vol 89, 52-60, Copyright © 1994 by American Heart Association


ARTICLES

Ethinyl estradiol acutely attenuates abnormal coronary vasomotor responses to acetylcholine in postmenopausal women

SE Reis, ST Gloth, RS Blumenthal, JR Resar, HA Zacur, G Gerstenblith and JA Brinker
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.

BACKGROUND: Estrogen administration in postmenopausal women is associated with a 50% reduction in the clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease. The mechanisms are not known, although one potential explanation is estrogen-induced modulation of coronary vasoreactivity. Acetylcholine is an endothelium-dependent vasodilator that may be used to assess coronary vasoreactivity and elicits coronary responses that parallel those found with common daily vasomotor stimuli. Therefore, we tested whether estrogen attenuates abnormal coronary vasomotor responses to acetylcholine in postmenopausal women. METHODS AND RESULTS: Acetylcholine-induced changes in coronary flow, resistance, and cross-sectional area were determined before and 15 minutes after intravenous administration of ethinyl estradiol (EE, 35 micrograms) in 15 postmenopausal women. The influence of estrogen on basal coronary flow, resistance, and epicardial cross-sectional area was also assessed by measuring these parameters before and after EE or placebo administration in 33 women. Estrogen altered basal coronary vasomotor tone in 22 women as manifested by an EE-induced 23.3 +/- 4.5% (mean +/- SEM) increase (P < .01) in coronary flow, a 15.0 +/- 3.2% decrease (P < .01) in resistance, and a 20.0 +/- 6.5% increase (P = .02) in epicardial cross-sectional area. Placebo administration in 11 women did not change these parameters. Estrogen also attenuated abnormal coronary vasomotor responses to acetylcholine. Seven women who exhibited a paradoxical acetylcholine-induced decrease in coronary flow (-33.5 +/- 12.3%, P < .01) and increase in resistance (38.9 +/- 14.1%, P = .05) and seven who had an abnormal acetylcholine-induced decrease in epicardial cross-sectional area (-14.2 +/- 4.4%; P = .04) did not have acetylcholine-induced changes in these parameters after EE administration. Acetylcholine-induced flow, resistance, and cross- sectional area responses before and after EE were significantly different (P < .01, P = .02, and P = .02, respectively). Normal coronary responses to acetylcholine were not affected by EE administration. CONCLUSIONS: EE attenuates abnormal coronary vasomotor responses to acetylcholine in postmenopausal women. EE also decreases basal coronary vasomotor tone as manifested by increased coronary flow, decreased resistance, and increased epicardial cross-sectional area. These acute effects of estrogen on coronary vasoreactivity may explain, in part, the cardioprotective effects of estrogen in postmenopausal women.


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
G. Han, H. Ma, R. Chintala, D. J. R. Fulton, S. A. Barman, and R. E. White
Essential Role of the 90-Kilodalton Heat Shock Protein in Mediating Nongenomic Estrogen Signaling in Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., June 1, 2009; 329(3): 850 - 855.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Physiol. Rev.Home page
J.-L. Balligand, O. Feron, and C. Dessy
eNOS Activation by Physical Forces: From Short-Term Regulation of Contraction to Chronic Remodeling of Cardiovascular Tissues
Physiol Rev, April 1, 2009; 89(2): 481 - 534.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Am Coll CardiolHome page
C. L. Shufelt and C. N. Bairey Merz
Contraceptive hormone use and cardiovascular disease.
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 20, 2009; 53(3): 221 - 231.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Circ Cardiovasc ImagingHome page
H. Okura, Y. Takada, A. Yamabe, T. Kubo, K. Asawa, T. Ozaki, H. Yamagishi, I. Toda, M. Yoshiyama, J. Yoshikawa, et al.
Age- and Gender-Specific Changes in the Left Ventricular Relaxation: A Doppler Echocardiographic Study in Healthy Individuals
Circ Cardiovasc Imaging, January 1, 2009; 2(1): 41 - 46.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J EndocrinolHome page
V. Ricchiuti, C. G Lian, E. M Oestreicher, L. Tran, J. R Stone, T. Yao, E. W Seely, G. H Williams, and G. K Adler
Estradiol increases angiotensin II type 1 receptor in hearts of ovariectomized rats
J. Endocrinol., January 1, 2009; 200(1): 75 - 84.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
A. Goel, D. Thor, L. Anderson, and R. Rahimian
Sexual dimorphism in rabbit aortic endothelial function under acute hyperglycemic conditions and gender-specific responses to acute 17{beta}-estradiol
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2008; 294(6): H2411 - H2420.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
EndocrinologyHome page
E. Grossini, C. Molinari, D. A. S. G. Mary, F. Uberti, P. P. Caimmi, N. Surico, and G. Vacca
Intracoronary Genistein Acutely Increases Coronary Blood Flow in Anesthetized Pigs through {beta}-Adrenergic Mediated Nitric Oxide Release and Estrogenic Receptors
Endocrinology, May 1, 2008; 149(5): 2678 - 2687.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Ther Adv Cardiovasc DisHome page
P. D. Patel and R. R. Arora
Review: Endothelial dysfunction: A potential tool in gender related cardiovascular disease
Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, April 1, 2008; 2(2): 89 - 100.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
HypertensionHome page
M. L. Macedo, D. Luminoso, M. D. Savvidou, C. M. McEniery, and K. H. Nicolaides
Maternal Wave Reflections and Arterial Stiffness in Normal Pregnancy as Assessed by Applanation Tonometry
Hypertension, April 1, 2008; 51(4): 1047 - 1051.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
G. Han, H. Ma, R. Chintala, K. Miyake, D. J. R. Fulton, S. A. Barman, and R. E. White
Nongenomic, endothelium-independent effects of estrogen on human coronary smooth muscle are mediated by type I (neuronal) NOS and PI3-kinase-Akt signaling
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2007; 293(1): H314 - H321.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
G. Han, X. Yu, L. Lu, S. Li, H. Ma, S. Zhu, X. Cui, and R. E. White
Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Mediates Acute Potassium Channel Stimulation in Human Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., March 1, 2006; 316(3): 1025 - 1030.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
E. Schulz, E. Anter, M.-H. Zou, and J. F. Keaney Jr
Estradiol-Mediated Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Association With Heat Shock Protein 90 Requires Adenosine Monophosphate-Dependent Protein Kinase
Circulation, June 28, 2005; 111(25): 3473 - 3480.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
Q. Lu, D. C. Pallas, H. K. Surks, W. E. Baur, M. E. Mendelsohn, and R. H. Karas
Striatin assembles a membrane signaling complex necessary for rapid, nongenomic activation of endothelial NO synthase by estrogen receptor {alpha}
PNAS, December 7, 2004; 101(49): 17126 - 17131.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Mayo Clin Proc.Home page
S. C. Halligan, B. Murtagh, R. J. Lennon, G. M. Pumper, V. Mathew, S. T. Higano, and A. Lerman
Effect of Long-term Hormone Replacement Therapy on Coronary Endothelial Function in Postmenopausal Women
Mayo Clin. Proc., December 1, 2004; 79(12): 1514 - 1520.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
JAMAHome page
S. C. E. Schuit, H.-H. S. Oei, J. C. M. Witteman, C. H. Geurts van Kessel, J. B. J. van Meurs, R. L. Nijhuis, J. P. T. M. van Leeuwen, F. H. de Jong, M. C. Zillikens, A. Hofman, et al.
Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Myocardial Infarction
JAMA, June 23, 2004; 291(24): 2969 - 2977.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
C. Duvernoy, J. Martin, K. Briesmiester, A. Bargardi, O. Muzik, and L. Mosca
Myocardial Blood Flow and Flow Reserve in Response to Hormone Therapy in Postmenopausal Women with Risk Factors for Coronary Disease
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2004; 89(6): 2783 - 2788.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
J. Palacios, E. T. Marusic, N. C. Lopez, M. Gonzalez, and L. Michea
Estradiol-induced expression of Na+-K+-ATPase catalytic isoforms in rat arteries: gender differences in activity mediated by nitric oxide donors
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2004; 286(5): H1793 - H1800.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Vasc MedHome page
L. W. Lissin, R. Oka, S. Lakshmi, and J. P Cooke
Isoflavones improve vascular reactivity in post-menopausal women with hypercholesterolemia
Vascular Medicine, February 1, 2004; 9(1): 26 - 30.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
StrokeHome page
F. Iemolo, A. Martiniuk, D. A. Steinman, and J. D. Spence
Sex Differences in Carotid Plaque and Stenosis
Stroke, February 1, 2004; 35(2): 477 - 481.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
ANGIOLOGYHome page
J. Gellman, J. M. Hare, C. J. Lowenstein, G. Gerstenblith, V. Coombs, P. Langenberg, J. A. Brinker, and J. R. Resar
L-Arginine Ameliorates the Abnormal Sympathetic Response of the Dysfunctional Human Coronary Microvasculature
Angiology, January 1, 2004; 55(1): 1 - 8.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
M. Kimura, K. Sudhir, M. Jones, E. Simpson, A.-M. Jefferis, and J. P.F. Chin-Dusting
Impaired Acetylcholine-Induced Release of Nitric Oxide in the Aorta of Male Aromatase-Knockout Mice: Regulation of Nitric Oxide Production by Endogenous Sex Hormones in Males
Circ. Res., December 12, 2003; 93(12): 1267 - 1271.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Physiol. Rev.Home page
R. M. LOSEL, E. FALKENSTEIN, M. FEURING, A. SCHULTZ, H.-C. TILLMANN, K. ROSSOL-HASEROTH, and M. WEHLING
Nongenomic Steroid Action: Controversies, Questions, and Answers
Physiol Rev, July 1, 2003; 83(3): 965 - 1016.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Hum ReprodHome page
S. Fenkci, V. Fenkci, M. Yilmazer, M. Serteser, and T. Koken
Effects of short-term transdermal hormone replacement therapy on glycaemic control, lipid metabolism, C-reactive protein and proteinuria in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes or hypertension
Hum. Reprod., April 1, 2003; 18(4): 866 - 870.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Am Coll CardiolHome page
C. Noel Bairey Merz, B. D. Johnson, B. L. Sharaf, V. Bittner, S. L. Berga, G. D. Braunstein, T. K. Hodgson, K. A. Matthews, C. J. Pepine, S. E. Reis, et al.
Hypoestrogenemia of hypothalamic origin and coronary artery disease in premenopausal women: a report from the NHLBI-sponsored WISE study
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 5, 2003; 41(3): 413 - 419.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. C. Calkin, K. Sudhir, S. Honisett, M. R. I. Williams, T. Dawood, and P. A. Komesaroff
Rapid Potentiation of Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation by Estradiol in Postmenopausal Women Is Mediated via Cyclooxygenase 2
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2002; 87(11): 5072 - 5075.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Endocr. Rev.Home page
K. L. Chambliss and P. W. Shaul
Estrogen Modulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase
Endocr. Rev., October 1, 2002; 23(5): 665 - 686.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
G. Polvani, M. R. Marino, M. Roberto, L. Dainese, A. Parolari, G. Pompilio, S. D. Matteo, A. Fumero, A. Cannata, F. Barili, et al.
Acute effects of 17{beta}-estradiol on left internal mammary graft after coronary artery bypass grafting
Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 2002; 74(3): 695 - 699.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Hum ReprodHome page
A.C. Duncan, J.R. Petrie, M.J. Brosnan, A.M. Devlin, R.A. Bass, D.S. Charnock-Jones, J.M.C. Connell, A.F. Dominiczak, and M.A. Lumsden
Is estradiol cardioprotection a nitric oxide-mediated effect?
Hum. Reprod., July 1, 2002; 17(7): 1918 - 1924.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
A. M. Kenny, K. M. Prestwood, C. A. Gruman, G. Fabregas, B. Biskup, and G. Mansoor
Effects of Transdermal Testosterone on Lipids and Vascular Reactivity in Older Men With Low Bioavailable Testosterone Levels
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., July 1, 2002; 57(7): M460 - 465.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Cardiovasc ResHome page
T. S Mikkola and T. B Clarkson
Estrogen replacement therapy, atherosclerosis, and vascular function
Cardiovasc Res, February 15, 2002; 53(3): 605 - 619.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Cardiovasc ResHome page
J. C. Kaski
Overview of gender aspects of cardiac syndrome X
Cardiovasc Res, February 15, 2002; 53(3): 620 - 626.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Cardiovasc ResHome page
R. E White, G. Han, M. Maunz, C. Dimitropoulou, A. M El-Mowafy, R. S Barlow, J. D Catravas, C. Snead, G. O Carrier, S. Zhu, et al.
Endothelium-independent effect of estrogen on Ca2+-activated K+ channels in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells
Cardiovasc Res, February 15, 2002; 53(3): 650 - 661.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Cardiovasc ResHome page
M. Fischer, A. Baessler, and H. Schunkert
Renin angiotensin system and gender differences in the cardiovascular system
Cardiovasc Res, February 15, 2002; 53(3): 672 - 677.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
R. Campisi, L. Nathan, M. H. Pampaloni, H. Schoder, J. W. Sayre, G. Chaudhuri, and H. R. Schelbert
Noninvasive Assessment of Coronary Microcirculatory Function in Postmenopausal Women and Effects of Short-Term and Long-Term Estrogen Administration
Circulation, January 29, 2002; 105(4): 425 - 430.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Am Coll CardiolHome page
S. P. Schulman, D. R. Thiemann, P. Ouyang, N. C. Chandra, D. S. Schulman, S. E. Reis, M. Terrin, S. Forman, C. Piva de Albuquerque, R. D. Bahr, et al.
Effects of acute hormone therapy on recurrent ischemia in postmenopausal women with unstable angina
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 16, 2002; 39(2): 231 - 237.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Eur Heart JHome page
M Sitges, M Heras, E Roig, M Duran, M Masotti, M.J Zurbano, M Roque, and G Sanz
Acute and mid-term combined hormone replacement therapy improves endothelial function in post-menopausal women with angina and angiographically normal coronary arteries
Eur. Heart J., November 2, 2001; 22(22): 2116 - 2124.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
HypertensionHome page
M. E. Beyer, G. Yu, H. Hanke, and H. M. Hoffmeister
Acute Gender-Specific Hemodynamic and Inotropic Effects of 17{beta}-Estradiol on Rats
Hypertension, November 1, 2001; 38(5): 1003 - 1010.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
A. Saitta, D. Altavilla, D. Cucinotta, N. Morabito, N. Frisina, F. Corrado, R. D'Anna, A. Lasco, G. Squadrito, A. Gaudio, et al.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study on Effects of Raloxifene and Hormone Replacement Therapy on Plasma NO Concentrations, Endothelin-1 Levels, and Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Postmenopausal Women
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 2001; 21(9): 1512 - 1519.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Exp. Biol. Med.Home page
R. Kakucs, S. Varbiro, G. L. Nadasy, E. Monos, and B. Szekacs
Acute, Nongenomic Vasodilatory Action of Estradiol Is Attenuated by Chronic Estradiol Treatment
Experimental Biology and Medicine, June 1, 2001; 226(6): 538 - 542.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Am Coll CardiolHome page
P. S. Jhund, N. Dawson, A. P. Davie, N. Sattar, J. Norrie, K. P. J. O'Kane, and J. J. V. McMurray
Attenuation of endothelin-1 induced vasoconstriction by 17{beta} estradiol is not sustained during long-term therapy in postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 1, 2001; 37(5): 1367 - 1373.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
R. J. Gonzales, B. R. Walker, and N. L. Kanagy
17{beta}-Estradiol increases nitric oxide-dependent dilation in rat pulmonary arteries and thoracic aorta
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, March 1, 2001; 280(3): L555 - L564.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch Intern MedHome page
F. K. Welty
Cardiovascular Disease and Dyslipidemia in Women
Arch Intern Med, February 26, 2001; 161(4): 514 - 522.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
JNCI J Natl Cancer InstHome page
S. E. Reis, J. P. Costantino, D. L. Wickerham, E. Tan-Chiu, J. Wang, and M. Kavanah
Cardiovascular Effects of Tamoxifen in Women With and Without Heart Disease: Breast Cancer Prevention Trial
J Natl Cancer Inst, January 3, 2001; 93(1): 16 - 21.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
M. H. Laughlin, W. G. Schrage, R. M. McAllister, H. A. Garverick, and A. W. Jones
Interaction of gender and exercise training: vasomotor reactivity of porcine skeletal muscle arteries
J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2001; 90(1): 216 - 227.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
ANGIOLOGYHome page
A. Federici, M. Ciccone, E. Cicinelli, M. Lombardi, M. V. Pitzalis, P. Galantino, and V. Pinto
Effects of Estrogen Therapy on Arterial Resistance and Pulsatility in Postmenopausal Women
Angiology, January 1, 2001; 52(1): 15 - 23.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
K. J. Mather, E. G. Norman, J. C. Prior, and T. G. Elliott
Preserved Forearm Endothelial Responses with Acute Exposure to Progesterone: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial of 17-{beta} Estradiol, Progesterone, and 17-{beta} Estradiol with Progesterone in Healthy Menopausal Women
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2000; 85(12): 4644 - 4649.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
S. Vehkavaara, J. Westerbacka, T. Hakala-Ala-Pietilä, A. Virkamäki, O. Hovatta, and H. Yki-Järvinen
Effect of Estrogen Replacement Therapy on Insulin Sensitivity of Glucose Metabolism and Preresistance and Resistance Vessel Function in Healthy Postmenopausal Women
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2000; 85(12): 4663 - 4670.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Pharmacol. Rev.Home page
E. Falkenstein, H.-C. Tillmann, M. Christ, M. Feuring, and M. Wehling
Multiple Actions of Steroid Hormones---A Focus on Rapid, Nongenomic Effects
Pharmacol. Rev., December 1, 2000; 52(4): 513 - 556.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
S. Vehkavaara, T. Hakala-Ala-Pietila, A. Virkamaki, R. Bergholm, C. Ehnholm, O. Hovatta, M.-R. Taskinen, and H. Yki-Jarvinen
Differential Effects of Oral and Transdermal Estrogen Replacement Therapy on Endothelial Function in Postmenopausal Women
Circulation, November 28, 2000; 102(22): 2687 - 2693.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
C. M. Webb, M. A. Ghatei, J. G. McNeill, DCRR, and P. Collins
17{beta}-Estradiol Decreases Endothelin-1 Levels in the Coronary Circulation of Postmenopausal Women With Coronary Artery Disease
Circulation, October 3, 2000; 102(14): 1617 - 1622.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch Intern MedHome page
L. Mosca
The Role of Hormone Replacement Therapy in the Prevention of Postmenopausal Heart Disease
Arch Intern Med, August 14, 2000; 160(15): 2263 - 2272.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Am Coll CardiolHome page
S. E. Reis, R. Holubkov, J. B. Young, B. G. White, J. N. Cohn, and A. M. Feldman
Estrogen is associated with improved survival in aging women with congestive heart failure: analysis of the vesnarinone studies
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 1, 2000; 36(2): 529 - 533.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
L. P. Thompson, G. Pinkas, and C. P. Weiner
Chronic 17{beta}-Estradiol Replacement Increases Nitric Oxide-Mediated Vasodilation of Guinea Pig Coronary Microcirculation
Circulation, July 25, 2000; 102(4): 445 - 451.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
BloodHome page
G. B. Stefano, P. Cadet, C. Breton, Y. Goumon, V. Prevot, J. P. Dessaint, J.-C. Beauvillain, A. S. Roumier, I. Welters, and M. Salzet
Estradiol-stimulated nitric oxide release in human granulocytes is dependent on intracellular calcium transients: evidence of a cell surface estrogen receptor
Blood, June 15, 2000; 95(12): 3951 - 3958.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Cardiovasc ResHome page
A.S. Bilsel, H. Moini, E. Tetik, F. Aksungar, B. Kaynak, and A. Ozer
17{beta}-Estradiol modulates endothelin-1 expression and release in human endothelial cells
Cardiovasc Res, June 1, 2000; 46(3): 579 - 584.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Am Coll CardiolHome page
L. Wroblewski Lissin and J. P. Cooke
Phytoestrogens and cardiovascular health
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 1, 2000; 35(6): 1403 - 1410.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
G. B. Stefano, V. Prevot, J.-C. Beauvillain, P. Cadet, C. Fimiani, I. Welters, G. L. Fricchione, C. Breton, P. Lassalle, M. Salzet, et al.
Cell-Surface Estrogen Receptors Mediate Calcium-Dependent Nitric Oxide Release in Human Endothelia
Circulation, April 4, 2000; 101(13): 1594 - 1597.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Cardiovasc ResHome page
C. S. Hayward, R. P. Kelly, and P. Collins
The roles of gender, the menopause and hormone replacement on cardiovascular function
Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 2000; 46(1): 28 - 49.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
L. R. Peterson, M. Courtois, L. F. Peterson, M. R. Peterson, V. G. Dávila-Román, R. J. Spina, and B. Barzilai
Estrogen Increases Hyperemic Microvascular Blood Flow Velocity in Postmenopausal Women
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., March 1, 2000; 55(3): 174M - 179.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Vasc MedHome page
J. P Cooke
The endothelium: a new target for therapy
Vascular Medicine, February 1, 2000; 5(1): 49 - 53.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Cardiovasc ResHome page
F. Squadrito, D. Altavilla, G. Squadrito, A. Saitta, D. Cucinotta, L. Minutoli, B. Deodato, M. Ferlito, G. M. Campo, A. Bova, et al.
Genistein supplementation and estrogen replacement therapy improve endothelial dysfunction induced by ovariectomy in rats
Cardiovasc Res, January 14, 2000; 45(2): 454 - 462.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
R. H. Karas, J. B. Hodgin, M. Kwoun, J. H. Krege, M. Aronovitz, W. Mackey, J. A. Gustafsson, K. S. Korach, O. Smithies, and M. E. Mendelsohn
Estrogen inhibits the vascular injury response in estrogen receptor beta -deficient female mice
PNAS, December 21, 1999; 96(26): 15133 - 15136.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
S. D. McCole, M. D. Brown, G. E. Moore, J. M. Zmuda, J. D. Cwynar, and J. M. Hagberg
Cardiovascular hemodynamics with increasing exercise intensities in postmenopausal women
J Appl Physiol, December 1, 1999; 87(6): 2334 - 2340.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
G. New, S. J. Duffy, R. W. Harper, and I. T. Meredith
Estrogen improves acetylcholine-induced but not metabolic vasodilation in biological males
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 1999; 277(6): H2341 - H2347.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Immunol.Home page
G. B. Stefano, V. Prevot, J.-C. Beauvillain, C. Fimiani, I. Welters, P. Cadet, C. Breton, J. Pestel, M. Salzet, and T. V. Bilfinger
Estradiol Coupling to Human Monocyte Nitric Oxide Release Is Dependent on Intracellular Calcium Transients: Evidence for an Estrogen Surface Receptor
J. Immunol., October 1, 1999; 163(7): 3758 - 3763.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Am Coll CardiolHome page
T. J. Anderson
Assessment and treatment of endothelial dysfunction in humans
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 1, 1999; 34(3): 631 - 638.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Cardiovasc ResHome page
W. S Post, P. J Goldschmidt-Clermont, C. C Wilhide, A. W Heldman, M. S Sussman, P. Ouyang, E. E Milliken, and J.-P. J Issa
Methylation of the estrogen receptor gene is associated with aging and atherosclerosis in the cardiovascular system
Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 1999; 43(4): 985 - 991.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch Intern MedHome page
N. F. Col, S. G. Pauker, R. J. Goldberg, M. H. Eckman, R. K. Orr, E. M. Ross, and J. B. Wong
Individualizing Therapy to Prevent Long-term Consequences of Estrogen Deficiency in Postmenopausal Women
Arch Intern Med, July 12, 1999; 159(13): 1458 - 1466.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
NEJMHome page
M. E. Mendelsohn and R. H. Karas
The Protective Effects of Estrogen on the Cardiovascular System
N. Engl. J. Med., June 10, 1999; 340(23): 1801 - 1811.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
LupusHome page
V M Miller
Gender and vascular reactivity
Lupus, June 1, 1999; 8(5): 409 - 415.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
C. N. B. Merz
The Efficacy of Hormonal Therapy for Reducing Coronary Artery Disease in Women
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 1999; 84(6): 1810 - 1812.
[Full Text]


Home page
J Am Coll CardiolHome page
C. N. Bairey Merz, S. F. Kelsey, C. J. Pepine, N. Reichek, S. E. Reis, W. J. Rogers, B. L. Sharaf, G. Sopko, and for the WISE Study Group
The Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study: protocol design, methodology and feasibility report
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 1, 1999; 33(6): 1453 - 1461.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
R. M. Goetz, H. S. Thatte, P. Prabhakar, M. R. Cho, T. Michel, and D. E. Golan
Estradiol induces the calcium-dependent translocation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase
PNAS, March 16, 1999; 96(6): 2788 - 2793.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
I. Dorup, K. Skajaa, and K. E. Sorensen
Normal pregnancy is associated with enhanced endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 1999; 276(3): H821 - H825.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
R.-T. Chang, G. P. Lambert, P. L. Moseley, F. K. Chapler, and C. V. Gisolfi
Effect of estrogen supplementation on exercise thermoregulation in premenopausal women
J Appl Physiol, December 1, 1998; 85(6): 2082 - 2088.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
A. Huang, D. Sun, A. Koller, and G. Kaley
Gender difference in flow-induced dilation and regulation of shear stress: role of estrogen and nitric oxide
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 1998; 275(5): R1571 - R1577.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
HypertensionHome page
G. Schillaci, P. Verdecchia, C. Borgioni, A. Ciucci, and C. Porcellati
Early Cardiac Changes After Menopause
Hypertension, October 1, 1998; 32(4): 764 - 769.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
M. Gerhard, B. W. Walsh, A. Tawakol, E. A. Haley, S. J. Creager, E. W. Seely, P. Ganz, and M. A. Creager
Estradiol Therapy Combined With Progesterone and Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Postmenopausal Women
Circulation, September 22, 1998; 98(12): 1158 - 1163.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Reproductive SciencesHome page
G. I. Gorodeski, T. Yang, M. N. Levy, J. Goldfarb, and W. H. Utian
Modulation of Coronary Vascular Resistance in Female Rabbits by Estrogen and Progesterone
Reproductive Sciences, July 1, 1998; 5(4): 197 - 202.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
P. A. Komesaroff, C. V.S. Black, and R. A. Westerman
A Novel, Nongenomic Action of Estrogen on the Cardiovascular System
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 1998; 83(7): 2313 - 2316.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
A. A. Nekooeian and C. C. Y. Pang
Estrogen restores role of basal nitric oxide in control of vascular tone in rats with chronic heart failure
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 1998; 274(6): H2094 - H2099.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
StrokeHome page
M. Matteis, E. Troisi, B. C. Monaldo, C. Caltagirone, and M. Silvestrini
Age and Sex Differences in Cerebral Hemodynamics : A Transcranial Doppler Study
Stroke, May 1, 1998; 29(5): 963 - 967.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
R. A. Vogel and M. C. Corretti
Estrogens, Progestins, and Heart Disease : Can Endothelial Function Divine the Benefit?
Circulation, April 7, 1998; 97(13): 1223 - 1226.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
A. Nitenberg, F. Paycha, S. Ledoux, R. Sachs, J.-R. Attali, and P. Valensi
Coronary Artery Responses to Physiological Stimuli Are Improved by Deferoxamine but not by L-Arginine in Non–Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Patients With Angiographically Normal Coronary Arteries and No Other Risk Factors
Circulation, March 3, 1998; 97(8): 736 - 743.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
J. Binko and H. Majewski
17beta -Estradiol reduces vasoconstriction in endothelium-denuded rat aortas through inducible NOS
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 1998; 274(3): H853 - H859.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. D. Minshall, F. Z. Stanczyk, K. Miyagawa, B. Uchida, M. Axthelm, M. Novy, and K. Hermsmeyer
Ovarian Steroid Protection against Coronary Artery Hyperreactivity in Rhesus Monkeys
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 1998; 83(2): 649 - 659.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
CirculationHome page
S. E. Reis, V. Bhoopalam, K. A. Zell, P. J. Counihan, A. J. C. Smith, S. Pham, and S. Murali
Conjugated Estrogens Acutely Abolish Abnormal Cold-Induced Coronary Vasoconstriction in Male Cardiac Allografts
Circulation, January 13, 1998; 97(1): 23 - 25.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
T. Caulin-Glaser, G. Garcia-Cardena, P. Sarrel, W. C. Sessa, and J. R. Bender
17ß-Estradiol Regulation of Human Endothelial Cell Basal Nitric Oxide Release, Independent of Cytosolic Ca2+ Mobilization
Circ. Res., November 19, 1997; 81(5): 885 - 892.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
CirculationHome page
K. Sudhir, T. M. Chou, K. Chatterjee, E. P. Smith, T. C. Williams, J. P. Kane, M. J. Malloy, K. S. Korach, and G. M. Rubanyi
Premature Coronary Artery Disease Associated With a Disruptive Mutation in the Estrogen Receptor Gene in a Man
Circulation, November 18, 1997; 96(10): 3774 - 3777.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
CirculationHome page
V. Guetta, A. A. Quyyumi, A. Prasad, J. A. Panza, M. Waclawiw, and R. O. Cannon III
The Role of Nitric Oxide in Coronary Vascular Effects of Estrogen in Postmenopausal Women
Circulation, November 4, 1997; 96(9): 2795 - 2801.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
CirculationHome page
G. M.C. Rosano, A. M. Caixeta, S. Chierchia, S. Arie, M. Lopez-Hidalgo, W. I. Pereira, F. Leonardo, C. M. Webb, F. Pileggi, and P. Collins
Short-term Anti-Ischemic Effect of 17ß-Estradiol in Postmenopausal Women With Coronary Artery Disease
Circulation, November 4, 1997; 96(9): 2837 - 2841.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
D. A. Barber and V. M. Miller
Gender differences in endothelium-dependent relaxations do not involve NO in porcine coronary arteries
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 1997; 273(5): H2325 - H2332.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
S. M. Herman, J. T.C. Robinson, R. J. McCredie, M. R. Adams, M. J. Boyer, and D. S. Celermajer
Androgen Deprivation Is Associated With Enhanced Endothelium-Dependent Dilatation in Adult Men
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 1997; 17(10): 2004 - 2009.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
K. A. Roberts, M. M. Woo, and J. C. Rutledge
Nitric Oxide Mediates LDL Uptake in the Artery Wall in Response to High Concentrations of 17ß-Estradiol
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 1997; 17(10): 2123 - 2131.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
CirculationHome page
T. Akasaka, K. Yoshida, A. Yamamuro, T. Hozumi, T. Takagi, S. Morioka, and J. Yoshikawa
Phasic Coronary Flow Characteristics in Patients With Constrictive Pericarditis : Comparison With Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Circulation, September 16, 1997; 96(6): 1874 - 1881.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
CirculationHome page
J. K. Williams, E. K. Honore, and M. R. Adams
Contrasting Effects of Conjugated Estrogens and Tamoxifen on Dilator Responses of Atherosclerotic Epicardial Coronary Arteries in Nonhuman Primates
Circulation, September 16, 1997; 96(6): 1970 - 1975.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
CirculationHome page
C. R. White, J. Shelton, S.-J. Chen, V. Darley-Usmar, L. Allen, C. Nabors, P. W. Sanders, Y.-F. Chen, and S. Oparil
Estrogen Restores Endothelial Cell Function in an Experimental Model of Vascular Injury
Circulation, September 2, 1997; 96(5): 1624 - 1630.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
A. D. Freay, S. W. Curtis, K. S. Korach, and G. M. Rubanyi
Mechanism of Vascular Smooth Muscle Relaxation by Estrogen in Depolarized Rat and Mouse Aorta : Role of Nuclear Estrogen Receptor and Ca2+ Uptake
Circ. Res., August 19, 1997; 81(2): 242 - 248.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
E. M. Brooks, A. L. Morgan, J. M. Pierzga, S. L. Wladkowski, J. T. O'Gorman, J. A. Derr, and W. L. Kenney
Chronic hormone replacement therapy alters thermoregulatory and vasomotor function in postmenopausal women
J Appl Physiol, August 1, 1997; 83(2): 477 - 484.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
P. Holm, S. Stender, H. o. Andersen, B. F. Hansen, and B. G. Nordestgaard
Antiatherogenic Effect of Estrogen Abolished by Balloon Catheter Injury in Cholesterol-Clamped Rabbits
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 1997; 17(8): 1504 - 1511.
[Abstract] [Full Text]