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Circulation, Vol 89, 718-723, Copyright © 1994 by American Heart Association

ARTICLES

Arterial imaging with a new forward-viewing intravascular ultrasound catheter, II. Three-dimensional reconstruction and display of data

KH Ng, JL Evans, MJ Vonesh, SN Meyers, TA Mills, BJ Kane, WN Aldrich, YT Jang, PG Yock and MD Rold
Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Ill.

BACKGROUND: Current intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) catheters provide transverse imaging at the level of the ultrasound transducer. This limits imaging to large-diameter segments without critical atherosclerotic narrowings. We have developed a prototype 20-MHz forward-viewing IVUS catheter that provides two-dimensional sector imaging distal to the catheter tip. A present limitation of this technique is that the catheter must be manually rotated to obtain multiple longitudinal views required to integrate the segment into a three-dimensional matrix. To overcome this, we have developed an algorithm that reconstructs these multiple two-dimensional forward- viewing IVUS images into a three-dimensional matrix for more complete depiction of the segment distal to the ultrasound catheter. This algorithm allows display and multidimensional slicing of the three- dimensional reconstruction. METHODS AND RESULTS. To test our algorithms, five arterial segments (three canine aortas, two human femoral arteries) were evaluated in vitro. In each segment, 36 forward- viewing longitudinal slices were collected, digitized, processed, and reoriented to produce a three-dimensional reconstruction (3DR) matrix. The matrix data were sliced into parallel transverse sections and compared with morphometric interpretation of histological sections (Histo). As a result, image data could be reconstructed for a distance of 2.0 cm ahead of the catheter. 3DR easily demonstrated wall and luminal morphology and provided transverse IVUS images comparable to the histological specimens. A good correlation was noted between Histo- and 3DR-determined luminal diameters (LD) and luminal areas: 3DR LD = 1.4 Histo LD-0.4, r = .86; 3DR LD = 0.7 +/- 0.20 cm (mean +/- SD); and Histo LD = 0.7 +/- 0.13 cm. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data demonstrate the feasibility of 3DR of forward-viewing IVUS data. This method allows rapid, detailed analysis of diseased arterial segments previously unavailable with standard IVUS and may permit better targeting of interventional techniques.

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