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Circulation, Vol 89, 740-752, Copyright © 1994 by American Heart Association
AA Young, H Imai, CN Chang and L Axel
BACKGROUND: Myocardial tissue tagging with the use of magnetic resonance
imaging allows noninvasive regional analysis of heart wall motion and
deformation. However, any evaluation of the effect of disease or treatment
requires a baseline reference of normal values and variation. We studied
the two-dimensional motion of material points imaged within the left
ventricular wall using spatial modulation of magnetization (SPAMM) in 12
normal human volunteers. METHODS AND RESULTS: Five parallel short-axis and
five parallel long-axis slices were acquired at five times during systole.
SPAMM tags were generated at end diastole using a 7-mm grid. Intersection
point data were analyzed for displacement, rotation, and torsion, and
triangles of points were analyzed for local rotation and principal strains.
Short- axis displacement was the least in the septum for all longitudinal
levels (P < .001). Torsion about the long axis was uniform
circumferentially because of the motion of the centroids used to reference
the rotation. In the long-axis images, the base displaced longitudinally
toward the apex, with the posterior wall moving farther than the anterior
wall (13.4 +/- 2.2 versus 9.7 +/- 1.8 mm, P < .001) in this direction.
The largest principal strain (maximum lengthening) was approximately
radially oriented in both views. In the short-axis images, the minimum
principal strain (maximum shortening) increased in magnitude toward the
apex (P < .001) with little circumferential variation, except at
midventricle, where the anterior wall showed greater contraction than the
posterior wall (-0.21 +/- 0.03 versus - 0.19 +/- 0.02, P < .02).
CONCLUSIONS: Consistent regional variations in deformation are seen in the
normal human heart. Displacement and maximum shortening strains are well
characterized with two-dimensional magnetic resonance tagging; however,
higher-resolution images will be required to study transmural variations.
ARTICLES
Two-dimensional left ventricular deformation during systole using magnetic resonance imaging with spatial modulation of magnetization [published erratum appears in Circulation 1994 Sep;90(3):1584]
Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Pa.
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