Circulation, Vol 89, 2562-2569, Copyright © 1994 by American Heart Association
M Ragosta, G Camarano, S Kaul, ER Powers, IJ Sarembock and LW Gimple
BACKGROUND: Patency of the infarct-related artery (IRA) after acute
myocardial infarction (AMI) may not reflect the magnitude of tissue
perfusion. In animal models of AMI, myocardial cellular necrosis has been
associated with extensive capillary damage. Because myocardial contrast
echocardiography (MCE) can define the spatial distribution of microvascular
perfusion, we hypothesized that it could be used in patients after recent
AMI to distinguish myocardial regions that have an intact microvasculature
and thus are viable from those without an intact microvasculature and thus
are not viable. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred five patients with a
recent AMI (range, 1 day to 4 weeks; median, 8 days) who were undergoing
cardiac catheterization were included in the study. Two-dimensional
echocardiography was performed at baseline and repeated 1 month later to
assess regional function within the infarct zone (scores of 1 to 5
indicating normal to dyskinetic segments, respectively). MCE was performed
in the cardiac catheterization laboratory to assess microvascular perfusion
within the infarct bed. A contrast score index was derived by assigning
scores to individual segments within the infarct zone (0, 0.5, and 1
denoting no, intermediate, and homogeneous contrast effect, respectively)
and deriving the average score within the infarct bed. Revascularization
was performed as clinically indicated. Although the baseline wall motion
score and the contrast score index were similar in the 90 patients with a
patent IRA and the 15 patients with an occluded IRA (median +/- 1
interquartile range, 3 +/- 1 versus 3.5 +/- 1; P = .41), wall motion score
1 month later was significantly better in those with open IRAs compared
with those with closed IRAs (2 +/- 2 versus 3 +/- 2, P = .05). In the 90
patients with an open IRA, a strong correlation was noted between wall
motion score 1 month later and the contrast score index (rho = -.64, P <
.001). On multivariate analysis, the best correlate of the 1-month wall
motion score was the contrast score index. CONCLUSIONS: In patients studied
in the cardiac catheterization laboratory between 1 day and 4 weeks after
AMI, an intact microvasculature as identified by MCE indicates myocardial
regions that improve function 1 month later. This study demonstrates that
microvascular patency is closely associated with myocardial cellular
viability after AMI in humans.
ARTICLES
Microvascular integrity indicates myocellular viability in patients with recent myocardial infarction. New insights using myocardial contrast echocardiography
Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville.
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