Circulation, Vol 90, 649-652, Copyright © 1994 by American Heart Association
E Brogi, T Wu, A Namiki and JM Isner
BACKGROUND: Hypoxia and indirect angiogenic factors may stimulate
angiogenesis via induction of endothelial cell mitogen(s). To evaluate this
hypothesis, we investigated whether low oxygen tension or cytokines known
to promote neovascularization in vivo could modulate the expression of
either vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or basic fibroblast growth
factor (bFGF) in human vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS AND
RESULTS: SMCs were treated with platelet- derived growth factor BB
(PDGF-BB) or transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) or exposed to
low oxygen tension in serum-free medium. Northern analysis detected low
basal levels of VEGF and bFGF mRNA in extracts of unstimulated SMCs.
However, both VEGF and bFGF transcripts increased after administration of
PDGF-BB (10 or 20 ng/mL) or TGF-beta 1 (0.1 to 10 ng/mL). Hypoxia was a
potent stimulus for VEGF gene expression but had no apparent effect on bFGF
steady-state mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that certain
indirect angiogenic cytokines, such as PDGF-BB or TGF-beta 1, may act via
induction of bFGF and VEGF gene expression in cells resident near
endothelial cells in vivo. Hypoxia constitutes a potent stimulus for VEGF
gene expresion but does not regulate bFGF under the same experimental
conditions.
ARTICLES
Indirect angiogenic cytokines upregulate VEGF and bFGF gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells, whereas hypoxia upregulates VEGF expression only
Department of Medicine (Cardiology), St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass.
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P. LASSUS, A. RISTIMAKI, O. YLIKORKALA, L. VIINIKKA, and S. ANDERSSON Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Human Preterm Lung Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., May 1, 1999; 159(5): 1429 - 1433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Wang, H-J. S. Huang, A. Kazlauskas, and W. K. Cavenee Induction of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Endothelial Cells by Platelet-derived Growth Factor through the Activation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Cancer Res., April 1, 1999; 59(7): 1464 - 1472. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. N. Lynch, Y. C. Wang, J. K. Lund, Y.-W. Chen, J. A. Leal, and S. R. Wiley TWEAK Induces Angiogenesis and Proliferation of Endothelial Cells J. Biol. Chem., March 26, 1999; 274(13): 8455 - 8459. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. G. Klekamp, K. Jarzecka, and E. A. Perkett Exposure to Hyperoxia Decreases the Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Its Receptors in Adult Rat Lungs Am. J. Pathol., March 1, 1999; 154(3): 823 - 831. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C. J. Corral, A. Siddiqui, L. Wu, C. L. Farrell, D. Lyons, and T. A. Mustoe Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Is More Important Than Basic Fibroblastic Growth Factor During Ischemic Wound Healing Arch Surg, February 1, 1999; 134(2): 200 - 205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Gustafsson, A. Puntschart, L. Kaijser, E. Jansson, and C. J. Sundberg Exercise-induced expression of angiogenesis-related transcription and growth factors in human skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 1999; 276(2): H679 - H685. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Rivard, M. Silver, D. Chen, M. Kearney, M. Magner, B. Annex, K. Peters, and J. M. Isner Rescue of Diabetes-Related Impairment of Angiogenesis by Intramuscular Gene Therapy with Adeno-VEGF Am. J. Pathol., February 1, 1999; 154(2): 355 - 363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Rivard, J.-E. Fabre, M. Silver, D. Chen, T. Murohara, M. Kearney, M. Magner, T. Asahara, and J. M. Isner Age-Dependent Impairment of Angiogenesis Circulation, January 12, 1999; 99(1): 111 - 120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. A. T. Fong, L. K. Shawver, L. Sun, C. Tang, H. App, T. J. Powell, Y. H. Kim, R. Schreck, X. Wang, W. Risau, et al. SU5416 Is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (Flk-1/KDR) That Inhibits Tyrosine Kinase Catalysis, Tumor Vascularization, and Growth of Multiple Tumor Types Cancer Res., January 1, 1999; 59(1): 99 - 106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 I. Huez, L. Creancier, S. Audigier, M.-C. Gensac, A.-C. Prats, and H. Prats Two Independent Internal Ribosome Entry Sites Are Involved in Translation Initiation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor mRNA Mol. Cell. Biol., November 1, 1998; 18(11): 6178 - 6190. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Metais, J. Li, J. Li, M. Simons, and F. W. Sellke Effects of coronary artery disease on expression and microvascular response to VEGF Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 1998; 275(4): H1411 - H1418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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V. Poppa, J. K. Miyashiro, M. A. Corson, and B. C. Berk Endothelial NO Synthase Is Increased in Regenerating Endothelium After Denuding Injury of the Rat Aorta Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 1998; 18(8): 1312 - 1321. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Witzenbichler, T. Asahara, T. Murohara, M. Silver, I. Spyridopoulos, M. Magner, N. Principe, M. Kearney, J.-S. Hu, and J. M. Isner Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C (VEGF-C/VEGF-2) Promotes Angiogenesis in the Setting of Tissue Ischemia Am. J. Pathol., August 1, 1998; 153(2): 381 - 394. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Milanini, F. Vinals, J. Pouyssegur, and G. Pages p42/p44 MAP Kinase Module Plays a Key Role in the Transcriptional Regulation of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene in Fibroblasts J. Biol. Chem., July 17, 1998; 273(29): 18165 - 18172. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. A. Ramos, M. Kuzuya, T. Esaki, S. Miura, S. Satake, T. Asai, S. Kanda, T. Hayashi, and A. Iguchi Induction of Macrophage VEGF in Response to Oxidized LDL and VEGF Accumulation in Human Atherosclerotic Lesions Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 1998; 18(7): 1188 - 1196. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Matsuura, W. Yamochi, K.-i. Hirata, S. Kawashima, and M. Yokoyama Stimulatory Interaction Between Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Endothelin-1 on Each Gene Expression Hypertension, July 1, 1998; 32(1): 89 - 95. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 G. Seghezzi, S. Patel, C. J. Ren, A. Gualandris, G. Pintucci, E. S. Robbins, R. L. Shapiro, A. C. Galloway, D. B. Rifkin, and P. Mignatti Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2) Induces Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Expression in the Endothelial Cells of Forming Capillaries: An Autocrine Mechanism Contributing to Angiogenesis J. Cell Biol., June 29, 1998; 141(7): 1659 - 1673. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. M. Arkonac, L. C. Foster, N. E. S. Sibinga, C. Patterson, K. Lai, J.-C. Tsai, M.-E. Lee, M. A. Perrella, and E. Haber Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Induces Heparin-binding Epidermal Growth Factor-like Growth Factor in Vascular Endothelial Cells J. Biol. Chem., February 20, 1998; 273(8): 4400 - 4405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Van Belle, B. Witzenbichler, D. Chen, M. Silver, L. Chang, R. Schwall, and J. M. Isner Potentiated Angiogenic Effect of Scatter Factor/Hepatocyte Growth Factor via Induction of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor : The Case for Paracrine Amplification of Angiogenesis Circulation, February 3, 1998; 97(4): 381 - 390. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Murohara, J. R. Horowitz, M. Silver, Y. Tsurumi, D. Chen, A. Sullivan, and J. M. Isner Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/Vascular Permeability Factor Enhances Vascular Permeability Via Nitric Oxide and Prostacyclin Circulation, January 13, 1998; 97(1): 99 - 107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 P. Seifert and W. Sekundo Capillaries in the epithelium of pterygium Br J Ophthalmol, January 1, 1998; 82(1): 77 - 81. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. Waltenberger Modulation of Growth Factor Action : Implications for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases Circulation, December 2, 1997; 96(11): 4083 - 4094. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 M. M. Höper, N. F. Voelkel, T. O. Bates, J. D. Allard, M. Horan, D. Shepherd, and R. M. Tuder Prostaglandins Induce Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in a Human Monocytic Cell Line and Rat Lungs via cAMP Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., December 1, 1997; 17(6): 748 - 756. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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T. Bombardini, E. Picano, and T. Bombardini The Coronary Angiogenetic Effect of Heparin: Experimental Basis and Clinical Evidence Angiology, November 1, 1997; 48(11): 969 - 976. [Abstract] [PDF]
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 I. Desbaillets, A.-C. Diserens, N. d. Tribolet, M.-F. Hamou, and E. G. V. Meir Upregulation of Interleukin 8 by Oxygen-deprived Cells in Glioblastoma Suggests a Role in Leukocyte Activation, Chemotaxis, and Angiogenesis J. Exp. Med., October 20, 1997; 186(8): 1201 - 1212. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. S. Winlaw Angiogenesis in the Pathobiology and Treatment of Vascular and Malignant Diseases Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 1997; 64(4): 1204 - 1211. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A. Pedram, M. Razandi, R.-M. Hu, and E. R. Levin Vasoactive Peptides Modulate Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor Production and Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Invasion J. Biol. Chem., July 4, 1997; 272(27): 17097 - 17103. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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