Circulation, Vol 90, 700-705, Copyright © 1994 by American Heart Association
F Tomai, F Crea, A Gaspardone, F Versaci, R De Paulis, A Penta de Peppo, L Chiariello and PA Gioffre
BACKGROUND: Brief episodes of ischemia render the heart more resistant to
subsequent ischemia; this phenomenon has been called ischemic
preconditioning. In some animal species, myocardial preconditioning appears
to be due to activation of ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels. The role
played by KATP channels in preconditioning in humans remains unknown. The
aim of this study was to establish whether glibenclamide, a selective KATP
channel blocker, abolishes the ischemic preconditioning observed in humans
during coronary angioplasty following repeated balloon inflations. METHODS
AND RESULTS: Twenty consecutive patients undergoing one-vessel coronary
angioplasty were randomized to receive 10 mg oral glibenclamide or placebo.
Sixty minutes after glibenclamide or placebo administration, patients were
given an infusion of 10% dextrose (8 mL/min) to correct glucose plasma
levels or, respectively, an infusion of saline at the same infusion rate.
Thirty minutes after the beginning of the infusion, both patient groups
underwent coronary angioplasty. The mean values (+/- 1 SD) of ST- segment
shifts on the surface 12-lead ECG and the intracoronary ECG were measured
at the end of the first and second balloon inflations, both 2 minutes long.
In glibenclamide-treated patients, the mean ST- segment shift during the
second balloon inflation was similar to that observed during the first
inflation (23 +/- 13 versus 20 +/- 8 mm, P = NS), and the severity of
cardiac pain was greater (55 +/- 21 versus 43 +/- 23 mm on a scale of 0 to
100, P < .05). Conversely, in placebo- treated patients the mean
ST-segment shift during the second inflation was less than that during the
first inflation (9 +/- 5 versus 23 +/- 13 mm, P < .001), as was the
severity of cardiac pain (15 +/- 15 versus 42 +/- 19 mm, P < .01). Blood
glucose levels were significantly reduced 60 minutes after glibenclamide
compared with those at baseline (53 +/- 9 versus 102 +/- 10 mg/100 mL, P
< .001) in the glibenclamide group; however, before coronary
angioplasty, blood glucose levels increased to 95 +/- 19 mg/100 mL, a value
similar to that found in placebo group (96 +/- 11 mg/100 mL, P = NS).
CONCLUSIONS: In humans, ischemic preconditioning during brief repeated
coronary occlusions is completely abolished by pretreatment with
glibenclamide, thus suggesting that it is mainly mediated by KATP channels.
ARTICLES
Ischemic preconditioning during coronary angioplasty is prevented by glibenclamide, a selective ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker
Servizio Speciale di Diagnosi e Cura di Emodinamica, Universita di Roma Tor Vergata, European Hospital, Italy.
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F. Tomai, A. Danesi, A.S. Ghini, F. Crea, M. Perino, A. Gaspardone, G. Ruggeri, L. Chiariello, and P.A. Gioffre Effects of KATPchannel blockade by glibenclamide on the warm-up phenomenon Eur. Heart J., February 1, 1999; 20(3): 196 - 202. [Abstract] [PDF]
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K. N. Garratt, P. A. Brady, N. L. Hassinger, D. E. Grill, A. Terzic, and D. R. Holmes Jr. Sulfonylurea drugs increase early mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus after direct angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 1, 1999; 33(1): 119 - 124. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. M. Fryer, J. E. J. Schultz, A. K. Hsu, and G. J. Gross Pretreatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors partially attenuates ischemic preconditioning in rat hearts Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 1998; 275(6): H2009 - H2015. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Bogaty, J. G. Kingma Jr., N.-M. Robitaille, S. Plante, S. Simard, L. Charbonneau, and J. G. Dumesnil Attenuation of myocardial ischemia with repeated exercise in subjects with chronic stable angina: Relation to myocardial contractility, intensity of exercise and the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 15, 1998; 32(6): 1665 - 1671. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W.R. Tracey, W. Magee, H. Masamune, J. J. Oleynek, and R. J. Hill Selective activation of adenosine A3 receptors with N6-(3-chlorobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine (CB-MECA) provides cardioprotection via KATP channel activation Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 1998; 40(1): 138 - 145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. E. Schotborgh and A. A.M. Wilde ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Openers and Blockers in the Cardiovascular System: Physiology, Pharmacology, and Clinical Effects Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, September 1, 1998; 2(3): 243 - 255. [Abstract] [PDF]
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C. Seiler, M. Billinger, R. Bolli, M. M. Leesar, M. M. Ahmed, M. M. Stoddard, and M. J. Broadbent Adenosine-Induced Preconditioning of Human Myocardium? • Response Circulation, August 25, 1998; 98(8): 824 - 825. [Full Text]
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M CONNAUGHTON and J WEBBER Diabetes and coronary artery disease: time to stop taking the tablets? Heart, August 1, 1998; 80(2): 108 - 109. [Full Text]
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A. Dana, J.-i. Imagawa, D. M Yellon, F. Tomai, F. Crea, A. Gaspardone, and P. A. Gioffre Phentolamine and Preconditioning During Coronary Angioplasty • Response Circulation, July 28, 1998; 98(4): 378 - 379. [Full Text]
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T. C. Wascher, J. C. Cleveland, D. R. Meldrum, B. S. Cain, A. Banerjee, and A. H. Harken Sulfonylureas and Cardiovascular Mortality in Diabetes: A Class Effect? • Response Circulation, April 14, 1998; 97(14): 1427 - 1428. [Full Text]
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D. M Yellon, G. F Baxter, D. Garcia-Dorado, G. Heusch, and M. S Sumeray Ischaemic preconditioning: present position and future directions Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 1998; 37(1): 21 - 33. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Tomai, F. Crea, A. Gaspardone, F. Versaci, A. S. Ghini, R. De Paulis, L. Chiariello, and P. A. Gioffre Phentolamine Prevents Adaptation to Ischemia During Coronary Angioplasty : Role of {alpha}-Adrenergic Receptors in Ischemic Preconditioning Circulation, October 7, 1997; 96(7): 2171 - 2177. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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C. S Carr, R. J Hill, H. Masamune, S. P Kennedy, D. R Knight, W.R. Tracey, and D. M Yellon Evidence for a role for both the adenosine A1 and A3 receptors in protection of isolated human atrial muscle against simulated ischaemia Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 1997; 36(1): 52 - 59. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. B. Investigators Influence of Diabetes on 5-Year Mortality and Morbidity in a Randomized Trial Comparing CABG and PTCA in Patients With Multivessel Disease : The Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) Circulation, September 16, 1997; 96(6): 1761 - 1769. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. Yamazaki and J. R. Hume Inhibitory Effects of Glibenclamide on Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator, Swelling-Activated, and Ca2+-Activated Cl- Channels in Mammalian Cardiac Myocytes Circ. Res., July 19, 1997; 81(1): 101 - 109. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. C. Cleveland Jr, D. R. Meldrum, B. S. Cain, A. Banerjee, and A. H. Harken Oral Sulfonylurea Hypoglycemic Agents Prevent Ischemic Preconditioning in Human Myocardium : Two Paradoxes Revisited Circulation, July 1, 1997; 96(1): 29 - 32. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. A. Leesar, M. Stoddard, M. Ahmed, J. Broadbent, and R. Bolli Preconditioning of Human Myocardium With Adenosine During Coronary Angioplasty Circulation, June 3, 1997; 95(11): 2500 - 2507. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S. J. Kapadia, J. S. Terlato, and A. S. Most Presence of a Critical Coronary Artery Stenosis Does Not Abolish the Protective Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning Circulation, March 4, 1997; 95(5): 1286 - 1292. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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G. J. Gross, D. A. Mei, P. G. Sleph, and G. J. Grover Adenosine A1 Receptor Blockade Does Not Abolish the Cardioprotective Effects of the Adenosine Triphosphate-sensitive Potassium Channel Opener Bimakalim J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., February 1, 1997; 280(2): 533 - 540. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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R. L. Engler and D. M. Yellon Sulfonylurea KATP Blockade in Type II Diabetes and Preconditioning in Cardiovascular Disease: Time for Reconsideration Circulation, November 1, 1996; 94(9): 2297 - 2301. [Full Text]
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V. Pasceri, G. A. Lanza, G. Patti, P. Pedrotti, F. Crea, and A. Maseri Preconditioning by Transient Myocardial Ischemia Confers Protection Against Ischemia-Induced Ventricular Arrhythmias in Variant Angina Circulation, October 15, 1996; 94(8): 1850 - 1856. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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