| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Circulation, Vol 90, 2225-2229, Copyright © 1994 by American Heart Association
I Kawachi, D Sparrow, PS Vokonas and ST Weiss
BACKGROUND--Several studies have suggested an increased risk of fatal
coronary heart disease (CHD) among patients with panic disorder, phobic
anxiety, and other anxiety disorders. We prospectively examined this
association in the Normative Aging Study. METHODS AND RESULTS--An anxiety
symptoms scale was constructed out of five items from the Cornell Medical
Index, which was administered to the cohort at baseline. During 32 years of
follow-up, we observed 402 cases of incident coronary heart disease (137
cases of nonfatal myocardial infarction, 134 cases of angina pectoris, and
131 cases of fatal CHD-- made up of 26 cases of sudden cardiac death and
105 cases of nonsudden death). A nested case-control design (involving 1869
control subjects who remained free of diagnosed CHD) was used to assess the
association between anxiety and risk of CHD. Compared with men reporting no
symptoms of anxiety, men reporting two or more anxiety symptoms had
elevated risks of fatal CHD (age-adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 3.20, 95%
confidence interval [CI]: 1.27 to 8.09), and sudden death (age-adjusted OR
= 5.73, 95% CI: 1.26 to 26.1). The multivariate OR after adjusting for a
range of potential confounding variables was 1.94 (95% CI: 0.70- 5.41) for
fatal CHD and 4.46 (95% CI: 0.92-21.6) for sudden death. No excess risks
were found for nonfatal myocardial infarction or angina. CONCLUSIONS--These
data suggest an association between anxiety and fatal coronary heart
disease, in particular, sudden cardiac death.
ARTICLES
Symptoms of anxiety and risk of coronary heart disease. The Normative Aging Study
Department of Health and Social Behavior, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  D S Krantz, K S Whittaker, J L Francis, T Rutledge, B D Johnson, G Barrow, C McClure, D S Sheps, K York, C Cornell, et al. Psychotropic medication use and risk of adverse cardiovascular events in women with suspected coronary artery disease: outcomes from the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study Heart, December 1, 2009; 95(23): 1901 - 1906. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Rutledge, S. E. Linke, D. S. Krantz, B. D. Johnson, V. Bittner, J.-A. Eastwood, W. Eteiba, C. J. Pepine, V. Vaccarino, J. Francis, et al. Comorbid Depression and Anxiety Symptoms as Predictors of Cardiovascular Events: Results From the NHLBI-Sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study Psychosom Med, November 1, 2009; 71(9): 958 - 964. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-H. Chen, S.-Y. Tsai, H.-C. Lee, and H.-C. Lin Increased Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction for Patients With Panic Disorder: A Nationwide Population-Based Study Psychosom Med, September 1, 2009; 71(7): 798 - 804. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Bankier, J. Barajas, A. Martinez-Rumayor, and J. L. Januzzi Association Between Anxiety and C-Reactive Protein Levels in Stable Coronary Heart Disease Patients Psychosomatics, July 1, 2009; 50(4): 347 - 353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Sala, M. Lazzaretti, G. De Vidovich, E. Caverzasi, F. Barale, G. d'Allio, and P. Brambilla Electrophysiological changes of cardiac function during antidepressant treatment Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, February 1, 2009; 3(1): 29 - 43. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. P. Roy-Byrne, K. W. Davidson, R. C. Kessler, G. J.G. Asmundson, R. D. Goodwin, L. Kubzansky, R. B. Lydiard, M. J. Massie, W. Katon, S. K. Laden, et al. Anxiety Disorders and Comorbid Medical Illness Focus, October 1, 2008; 6(4): 467 - 485. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Bankier, J. Barajas, A. Martinez-Rumayor, and J. L. Januzzi Association between C-reactive protein and generalized anxiety disorder in stable coronary heart disease patients Eur. Heart J., September 2, 2008; 29(18): 2212 - 2217. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Ohira, A. V. D. Roux, R. J. Prineas, M. A. Kizilbash, M. R. Carnethon, and A. R. Folsom Associations of Psychosocial Factors With Heart Rate and Its Short-Term Variability: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Psychosom Med, February 1, 2008; 70(2): 141 - 146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B.-J. Shen, Y. E. Avivi, J. F. Todaro, A. Spiro III, J.-P. Laurenceau, K. D. Ward, and R. Niaura Anxiety Characteristics Independently and Prospectively Predict Myocardial Infarction in Men: The Unique Contribution of Anxiety Among Psychologic Factors J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 15, 2008; 51(2): 113 - 119. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Fraguas Jr., D. V. Iosifescu, J. Alpert, S. R. Wisniewski, J. L. Barkin, M. H. Trivedi, A J. Rush, and M. Fava Major Depressive Disorder and Comorbid Cardiac Disease: Is There a Depressive Subtype With Greater Cardiovascular Morbidity? Results From the STAR*D Study Psychosomatics, October 1, 2007; 48(5): 418 - 425. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. W. Smoller, M. H. Pollack, S. Wassertheil-Smoller, R. D. Jackson, A. Oberman, N. D. Wong, and D. Sheps Panic Attacks and Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Events Among Postmenopausal Women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study Arch Gen Psychiatry, October 1, 2007; 64(10): 1153 - 1160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. K. Yeragani, R. Kumar, K. J. Bar, P. Chokka, and M. Tancer Exaggerated Differences in Pulse Wave Velocity Between Left and Right Sides Among Patients With Anxiety Disorders and Cardiovascular Disease Psychosom Med, October 1, 2007; 69(8): 717 - 722. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Blank, M. Grimsley, E. Goyder, E. Ellis, and J. Peters Community-based lifestyle interventions: changing behaviour and improving health J. Public Health Med., September 1, 2007; 29(3): 236 - 245. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. K. Moser "The Rust of Life": Impact of Anxiety on Cardiac Patients Am. J. Crit. Care., July 1, 2007; 16(4): 361 - 369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Ahnquist, P. Fredlund, and S. P Wamala Is cumulative exposure to economic hardships more hazardous to women's health than men's? A 16-year follow-up study of the Swedish Survey of Living Conditions J Epidemiol Community Health, April 1, 2007; 61(4): 331 - 336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. L. Sheahan, M. K. Rayens, K. An, B. Riegel, S. McKinley, L. Doering, B. J. Garvin, and D. K. Moser Comparison of Anxiety Between Smokers and Nonsmokers With Acute Myocardial Infarction Am. J. Crit. Care., November 1, 2006; 15(6): 617 - 625. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Chyun, K. O. Lacey, D. M. Katten, S. Talley, W. J. Price, J. A. Davey, and G. D. Melkus Glucose and Cardiac Risk Factor Control in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: Implications for Patients and Providers The Diabetes Educator, November 1, 2006; 32(6): 925 - 939. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Sareen, F. Jacobi, B. J. Cox, S.-L. Belik, I. Clara, and M. B. Stein Disability and poor quality of life associated with comorbid anxiety disorders and physical conditions. Arch Intern Med, October 23, 2006; 166(19): 2109 - 2116. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J. Lavie and R. V. Milani Adverse psychological and coronary risk profiles in young patients with coronary artery disease and benefits of formal cardiac rehabilitation. Arch Intern Med, September 25, 2006; 166(17): 1878 - 1883. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. L. Watkins, J. A. Blumenthal, J. R. T. Davidson, M. A. Babyak, C. B. McCants Jr, and M. H. Sketch Jr Phobic anxiety, depression, and risk of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with coronary heart disease. Psychosom Med, September 1, 2006; 68(5): 651 - 656. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Esler, M. Alvarenga, C. Pier, J. Richards, A. El-Osta, D. Barton, D. Haikerwal, D. Kaye, M. Schlaich, L. Guo, et al. The neuronal noradrenaline transporter, anxiety and cardiovascular disease J Psychopharmacol, July 1, 2006; 20(4_suppl): 60 - 66. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. V. Diez Roux, N. Ranjit, L. Powell, S. Jackson, T. T. Lewis, S. Shea, and C. Wu Psychosocial factors and coronary calcium in adults without clinical cardiovascular disease. Ann Intern Med, June 6, 2006; 144(11): 822 - 831. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Lambert, E. Hotchkin, M. Alvarenga, C. Pier, J. Richards, D. Barton, T. Dawood, M. Esler, and G. Lambert Single-unit analysis of sympathetic nervous discharges in patients with panic disorder J. Physiol., February 1, 2006; 570(3): 637 - 643. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. C. Thurston, L. D. Kubzansky, I. Kawachi, and L. F. Berkman Do Depression and Anxiety Mediate the Link Between Educational Attainment and CHD? Psychosom Med, January 1, 2006; 68(1): 25 - 32. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Ringback Weitoft and M. Rosen Is perceived nervousness and anxiety a predictor of premature mortality and severe morbidity? A longitudinal follow up of the Swedish survey of living conditions J Epidemiol Community Health, September 1, 2005; 59(9): 794 - 798. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Gomez-Caminero, W. A. Blumentals, L. J. Russo, R. R. Brown, and R. Castilla-Puentes Does Panic Disorder Increase the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease? A Cohort Study of a National Managed Care Database Psychosom Med, September 1, 2005; 67(5): 688 - 691. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. D. Eaker, L. M. Sullivan, M. Kelly-Hayes, R. B. D'Agostino Sr, and E. J. Benjamin Tension and Anxiety and the Prediction of the 10-Year Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease, Atrial Fibrillation, and Total Mortality: The Framingham Offspring Study Psychosom Med, September 1, 2005; 67(5): 692 - 696. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. M. Manson, J. Beals, S. A. Klein, C. D. Croy, and the AI-SUPERPFP Team Social Epidemiology of Trauma Among 2 American Indian Reservation Populations Am J Public Health, May 1, 2005; 95(5): 851 - 859. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. K. Schulman, P. R. Muskin, and P. A. Shapiro Psychiatry and Cardiovascular Disease Focus, April 1, 2005; 3(2): 208 - 224. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. C. Strike and A. Steptoe Behavioral and Emotional Triggers of Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Systematic Review and Critique Psychosom Med, March 1, 2005; 67(2): 179 - 186. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. M. Albert, C. U. Chae, K. M. Rexrode, J. E. Manson, and I. Kawachi Phobic Anxiety and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Sudden Cardiac Death Among Women Circulation, February 1, 2005; 111(4): 480 - 487. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S U Shah, A White, S White, and W A Littler Heart and mind: (1) relationship between cardiovascular and psychiatric conditions Postgrad. Med. J., December 1, 2004; 80(950): 683 - 689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Jiang, M. Kuchibhatla, M. S. Cuffe, E. J. Christopher, J. D. Alexander, G. L. Clary, M. A. Blazing, L. H. Gaulden, R. M. Califf, R. R. Krishnan, et al. Prognostic Value of Anxiety and Depression in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure Circulation, November 30, 2004; 110(22): 3452 - 3456. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. J C Davies, P. R Jackson, J. Potokar, and D. J Nutt Treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders in patients with cardiovascular disease BMJ, April 17, 2004; 328(7445): 939 - 943. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Katerndahl Panic & Plaques: Panic Disorder & Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Chest Pain J Am Board Fam Med, March 1, 2004; 17(2): 114 - 126. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. S. Wilson, J. L. Bienias, C. F. Mendes de Leon, D. A. Evans, and D. A. Bennett Negative Affect and Mortality in Older Persons Am. J. Epidemiol., November 1, 2003; 158(9): 827 - 835. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Smoller, M. H. Pollack, S. Wassertheil-Smoller, B. Barton, S. L. Hendrix, R. D. Jackson, T. Dicken, A. Oberman, and D. S. Sheps Prevalence and Correlates of Panic Attacks in Postmenopausal Women: Results From an Ancillary Study to the Women's Health Initiative Arch Intern Med, September 22, 2003; 163(17): 2041 - 2050. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Pignay-Demaria, F. Lesperance, R. G. Demaria, N. Frasure-Smith, and L. P. Perrault Depression and anxiety and outcomes of coronary artery bypass surgery Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 2003; 75(1): 314 - 321. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. Burg, M. C. Benedetto, R. Rosenberg, and R. Soufer Presurgical Depression Predicts Medical Morbidity 6 Months After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Psychosom Med, January 1, 2003; 65(1): 111 - 118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Goldstein, D. Robertson, M. Esler, S. E. Straus, and G. Eisenhofer Dysautonomias: Clinical Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System Ann Intern Med, November 5, 2002; 137(9): 753 - 763. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Lampert, T. Joska, M. M. Burg, W. P. Batsford, C. A. McPherson, and D. Jain Emotional and Physical Precipitants of Ventricular Arrhythmia Circulation, October 1, 2002; 106(14): 1800 - 1805. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Iso, C. Date, A. Yamamoto, H. Toyoshima, N. Tanabe, S. Kikuchi, T. Kondo, Y. Watanabe, Y. Wada, T. Ishibashi, et al. Perceived Mental Stress and Mortality From Cardiovascular Disease Among Japanese Men and Women: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk Sponsored by Monbusho (JACC Study) Circulation, September 3, 2002; 106(10): 1229 - 1236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Kessler Review: major anxiety disorders all have substantive familial aggregation Evid. Based Ment. Health, August 1, 2002; 5(3): 92 - 92. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. M. Curtis and J. H. O'Keefe Jr Autonomic Tone as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor: The Dangers of Chronic Fight or Flight Mayo Clin. Proc., January 1, 2002; 77(1): 45 - 54. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. D. Kubzansky, D. Sparrow, P. Vokonas, and I. Kawachi Is the Glass Half Empty or Half Full? A Prospective Study of Optimism and Coronary Heart Disease in the Normative Aging Study Psychosom Med, November 1, 2001; 63(6): 910 - 916. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Kario, J. E. Schwartz, K. W. Davidson, and T. G. Pickering Gender Differences in Associations of Diurnal Blood Pressure Variation, Awake Physical Activity, and Sleep Quality With Negative Affect: The Work Site Blood Pressure Study Hypertension, November 1, 2001; 38(5): 997 - 1002. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Grossman, F. H. Wilhelm, I. Kawachi, and D. Sparrow Gender Differences in Psychophysiological Responses to Speech Stress Among Older Social Phobics:: Congruence and Incongruence Between Self-Evaluative and Cardiovascular Reactions Psychosom Med, September 1, 2001; 63(5): 765 - 777. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Gorman A 28-Year-Old Woman With Panic Disorder JAMA, July 25, 2001; 286(4): 450 - 457. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Hemingway, M. Malik, and M. Marmot Social and psychosocial influences on sudden cardiac death, ventricular arrhythmia and cardiac autonomic function Eur. Heart J., July 1, 2001; 22(13): 1082 - 1101. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. L. Watkins, K. M. Connor, and J. R. T. Davidson Effect of kava extract on vagal cardiac control in generalized anxiety disorder: preliminary findings J Psychopharmacol, July 1, 2001; 15(4): 283 - 286. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. M Albert and J. N Ruskin Risk stratifiers for sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the community: primary prevention of SCD Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2001; 50(2): 186 - 196. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. R Cole, I. Kawachi, S. Liu, J M. Gaziano, J. E Manson, J. E Buring, and C. H Hennekens Time urgency and risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction Int. J. Epidemiol., April 1, 2001; 30(2): 363 - 369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. B. Williams, D. A. Marchuk, K. M. Gadde, J. C. Barefoot, K. Grichnik, M. J. Helms, C. M. Kuhn, J. G. Lewis, S. M. Schanberg, M. Stafford-Smith, et al. Central Nervous System Serotonin Function and Cardiovascular Responses to Stress Psychosom Med, March 1, 2001; 63(2): 300 - 305. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Paterniti, M. Zureik, P. Ducimetiere, P.-J. Touboul, J.-M. Feve, and A. Alperovitch Sustained Anxiety and 4-Year Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2001; 21(1): 136 - 141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. G. O'Malley, D. L. Jones, I. M. Feuerstein, and A. J. Taylor Lack of Correlation between Psychological Factors and Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease N. Engl. J. Med., November 2, 2000; 343(18): 1298 - 1304. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Januzzi Jr, T. A. Stern, R. C. Pasternak, and R. W. DeSanctis The Influence of Anxiety and Depression on Outcomes of Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Arch Intern Med, July 10, 2000; 160(13): 1913 - 1921. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Levenstein The Very Model of a Modern Etiology: A Biopsychosocial View of Peptic Ulcer Psychosom Med, March 1, 2000; 62(2): 176 - 185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. W. Ketterer, K. E. Freedland, D. S. Krantz, P. Kaufmann, S. Forman, A. Greene, J. Raczynski, G. Knatterud, K. Light, R. M. Carney, et al. Psychological Correlates of Mental Stress-induced Ischemia in the Laboratory: The Psychophysiological Investigation of Myocardial Ischemia (PIMI) Study J Health Psychol, January 1, 2000; 5(1): 75 - 85. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. D. Llorente, D. David, A. G. Golden, and M. A. Silverman Defining Patterns of Benzodiazepine Use in Older Adults J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, January 1, 2000; 13(3): 150 - 160. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. L. Watkins, J. A. Blumenthal, P. R. Kowey, H. Z. Brandspiegel, R. A. Marinchak, and S. J. Rials Worried to Death? • Response Circulation, September 14, 1999; 100 (11): 1250 - 1252. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. E. Quinn and P. Martin Intra-individual Change and Inter-individual Differences in Negative Mood States of Older Women International Journal of Behavioral Development, September 1, 1999; 23(3): 685 - 701. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. B. Williams A 69-Year-Old Man With Anger and Angina JAMA, August 25, 1999; 282(8): 763 - 770. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Piccirillo, E. Viola, M. Nocco, E. Santagada, M. Durante, C. Bucca, and V. Marigliano Autonomic Modulation and QT Interval Dispersion in Hypertensive Subjects With Anxiety Hypertension, August 1, 1999; 34(2): 242 - 246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. L. Watkins, P. Grossman, R. Krishnan, and J. A. Blumenthal Anxiety Reduces Baroreflex Cardiac Control in Older Adults With Major Depression Psychosom Med, May 1, 1999; 61(3): 334 - 340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Rozanski, J. A. Blumenthal, and J. Kaplan Impact of Psychological Factors on the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease and Implications for Therapy Circulation, April 27, 1999; 99(16): 2192 - 2217. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. P. Sloan, P. A. Shapiro, E. Bagiella, M. M. Myers, and J. M. Gorman Cardiac Autonomic Control Buffers Blood Pressure Variability Responses to Challenge: A Psychophysiologic Model of Coronary Artery Disease Psychosom Med, January 1, 1999; 61(1): 58 - 68. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Pignalberi, G. Patti, C. Chimenti, V. Pasceri, and A. Maseri Role of different determinants of psychological distress in acute coronary syndromes J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 1, 1998; 32(3): 613 - 619. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. C. Wilkinson, J. M. Thompson, G. W. Lambert, G. L. Jennings, R. G. Schwarz, D. Jefferys, A. G. Turner, and M. D. Esler Sympathetic Activity in Patients With Panic Disorder at Rest, Under Laboratory Mental Stress, and During Panic Attacks Arch Gen Psychiatry, June 1, 1998; 55(6): 511 - 520. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Black, T. G. Allison, D. E. Williams, T. A. Rummans, and G. T. Gau Effect of Intervention for Psychological Distress on Rehospitalization Rates in Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients Psychosomatics, April 1, 1998; 39(2): 134 - 143. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Denollet and D. L. Brutsaert Personality, Disease Severity, and the Risk of Long-term Cardiac Events in Patients With a Decreased Ejection Fraction After Myocardial Infarction Circulation, January 20, 1998; 97(2): 167 - 173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. H. Glassman and P. A. Shapiro Depression and the Course of Coronary Artery Disease Am J Psychiatry, January 1, 1998; 155(1): 4 - 11. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Blumenthal, W. Jiang, M. A. Babyak, D. S. Krantz, D. J. Frid, R. E. Coleman, R. Waugh, M. Hanson, M. Appelbaum, C. O'Connor, et al. Stress Management and Exercise Training in Cardiac Patients With Myocardial Ischemia: Effects on Prognosis and Evaluation of Mechanisms Arch Intern Med, October 27, 1997; 157(19): 2213 - 2223. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. B. Williams, J. C. Barefoot, J. A. Blumenthal, M. J. Helms, L. Luecken, C. F. Pieper, I. C. Siegler, and E. C. Suarez Psychosocial Correlates of Job Strain in a Sample of Working Women Arch Gen Psychiatry, June 1, 1997; 54(6): 543 - 548. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. C. D. Gullette, J. A. Blumenthal, M. Babyak, W. Jiang, R. A. Waugh, D. J. Frid, C. M. O'Connor, J. J. Morris, and D. S. Krantz Effects of Mental Stress on Myocardial Ischemia During Daily Life JAMA, May 21, 1997; 277(19): 1521 - 1526. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. D. Kubzansky, I. Kawachi, A. Spiro III, S. T. Weiss, P. S. Vokonas, and D. Sparrow Is Worrying Bad for Your Heart?: A Prospective Study of Worry and Coronary Heart Disease in the Normative Aging Study Circulation, February 18, 1997; 95(4): 818 - 824. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Anxiety: A Risk Factor for Sudden Death? Journal Watch Psychiatry, February 1, 1995; 1995(201): 8 - 8. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Anxiety Is a Risk Factor for Sudden Death Journal Watch Cardiology, January 1, 1995; 1995(101): 15 - 15. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 ANXIETY IS A RISK FACTOR FOR SUDDEN DEATH Journal Watch (General), November 22, 1994; 1994(1122): 3 - 3. [Full Text]
|
|