(Circulation. 1995;91:1981-1987.)
© 1995 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Aging and Endothelial Function in Normotensive Subjects and Patients With Essential Hypertension
From the I Clinica Medica, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Correspondence to Stefano Taddei, MD, I Clinica Medica, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 67, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
Background Experimental data from normotensive and hypertensive animals indicate that aging is associated with impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine, and this possibility appears to be confirmed in the human coronary artery. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of age on endothelial responsiveness in the forearm vessels of either normotensive control subjects or essential hypertensive patients.
Methods and Results Within the normotensive or hypertensive group (n=53 and n=57, respectively), subjects were selected with similar blood pressure, plasma cholesterol, and glucose values, and hypercholesterolemic subjects, diabetics, and smokers were excluded. We evaluated forearm blood flow (by strain-gauge plethysmography) modifications induced by intrabrachial acetylcholine (0.15, 0.45, 1.5, 4.5, and 15 µg/100 mL per minute), an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, and sodium nitroprusside (1, 2, and 4 µg/100 mL per minute), an endothelium-independent vasodilator. Acetylcholine caused a dose-dependent vasodilation that was significantly (P<.01) lower in essential hypertensive patients than in normotensive control subjects. However, a significant negative correlation was observed between acetylcholine-induced vasodilation and patient age in both normotensive (r=-.86, P<.001) and hypertensive (r=-.85, P<.001) patients. In contrast, vasodilation to sodium nitroprusside was similar in normotensive control subjects and essential hypertensive patients with a poorer inverse correlation with patient age (normotensive control subjects, r=-.37; hypertensive patients, r=-.36) compared with acetylcholine.
Conclusions The present data indicate that there is a blunted response to acetylcholine with advancing age in both normotensive control subjects and essential hypertensive patients, suggesting that aging is associated with reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans.
Key Words: acetylcholine • endothelium • aging • hypertension
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P.M. Vanhoutte Ageing and endothelial dysfunction Eur. Heart J. Suppl., February 1, 2002; 4(suppl_A): A8 - A17. [Abstract] [PDF]
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Y. Higashi, S. Sasaki, K. Nakagawa, M. Kimura, S. Sasaki, K. Noma, H. Matsuura, K. Hara, C. Goto, T. Oshima, et al. Excess Norepinephrine Impairs Both Endothelium-Dependent and -Independent Vasodilation in Patients With Pheochromocytoma Hypertension, February 1, 2002; 39(2): 513 - 518. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Y.H. Chan, L.-L. Wang, K. L.H. Wu, and S. H.H. Chan Reduced Functional Expression and Molecular Synthesis of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Circulation, October 2, 2001; 104(14): 1676 - 1681. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Virdis, L. Ghiadoni, H. Cardinal, S. Favilla, P. Duranti, R. Birindelli, A. Magagna, G. Bernini, G. Salvetti, S. Taddei, et al. Mechanisms responsible for endothelial dysfunction induced by fasting hyperhomocystinemia in normotensive subjects and patients with essential hypertension J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 1, 2001; 38(4): 1106 - 1115. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Bello, C. Caramelo, N. Martell, J. M. Alcazar, J. Gonzalez, M. D. Lopez, L. M. Ruilope, F. R. Gonzalez, A. M. Rovira, R. Gazapo, et al. Impairment of Renal Vasodilation With L-Arginine Is Related to More Severe Disease in Untreated Hypertensive Patients Hypertension, October 1, 2001; 38(4): 907 - 912. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 P. PERINOTTO, A. BIGGI, N. CARRA, A. ORRICO, G. VALMADRE, P. DALL'AGLIO, A. NOVARINI, and A. MONTANARI Angiotensin II and Prostaglandin Interactions on Systemic and Renal Effects of L-NAME in Humans J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., August 1, 2001; 12(8): 1706 - 1712. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Taddei, A. Virdis, L. Ghiadoni, G. Salvetti, G. Bernini, A. Magagna, and A. Salvetti Age-Related Reduction of NO Availability and Oxidative Stress in Humans Hypertension, August 1, 2001; 38(2): 274 - 279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Perticone, R. Ceravolo, A. Pujia, G. Ventura, S. Iacopino, A. Scozzafava, A. Ferraro, M. Chello, P. Mastroroberto, P. Verdecchia, et al. Prognostic Significance of Endothelial Dysfunction in Hypertensive Patients Circulation, July 10, 2001; 104(2): 191 - 196. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. C. Sullivan and C. A. Davison Effect of age on electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in male and female rats Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 2001; 50(1): 137 - 144. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. C. Sullivan and C. A. Davison Gender Differences in the Effect of Age on Electrical Field Stimulation (EFS)-Induced Adrenergic Vasoconstriction in Rat Mesenteric Resistance Arteries J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., March 1, 2001; 296(3): 782 - 788. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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L. Raij Workshop: Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Factors : Role of the Angiotensin II-Nitric Oxide Interaction Hypertension, February 1, 2001; 37(2): 767 - 773. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. J. Zieman, G. Gerstenblith, E. G. Lakatta, G. O. Rosas, K. Vandegaer, K. M. Ricker, and J. M. Hare Upregulation of the Nitric Oxide-cGMP Pathway in Aged Myocardium : Physiological Response to l-Arginine Circ. Res., January 19, 2001; 88(1): 97 - 102. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 F. Perticone, R. Ceravolo, M. Candigliota, G. Ventura, S. Iacopino, F. Sinopoli, and P. L. Mattioli Obesity and Body Fat Distribution Induce Endothelial Dysfunction by Oxidative Stress: Protective Effect of Vitamin C Diabetes, January 1, 2001; 50(1): 159 - 165. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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R. Jansen, M. G. Niemeyer, T. J. Cleophas, and A. H. Zwinderman Factors Influencing Efficacy of Nitrate Therapy for Stable Angina Pectoris: A Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Angiology, December 1, 2000; 51(12): 1007 - 1012. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. O. Toikka, H. Laine, M. Ahotupa, A. Haapanen, J. S. A. Viikari, J. J. Hartiala, and O. T Raitakari Increased Arterial Intima-Media Thickness and In Vivo LDL Oxidation in Young Men With Borderline Hypertension Hypertension, December 1, 2000; 36(6): 929 - 933. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Natali, A. M. Sironi, E. Toschi, S. Camastra, G. Sanna, A. Perissinotto, S. Taddei, and E. Ferrannini Effect of Vitamin C on Forearm Blood Flow and Glucose Metabolism in Essential Hypertension Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 2000; 20(11): 2401 - 2406. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Bursztyn, J. Mekler, E. Peleg, and J. Bernheim Subpressor Dose of L-NAME Unmasks Hypertensive Effect of Chronic Hyperinsulinemia Hypertension, November 1, 2000; 36(5): 872 - 877. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. M. G. Verhagen, D. M. A. Attia, H. A. Koomans, and J. A. Joles Male gender increases sensitivity to proteinuria induced by mild NOS inhibition in rats: role of sex hormones Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, October 1, 2000; 279(4): F664 - F670. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Goto, K. Fujii, U. Onaka, I. Abe, and M. Fujishima Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Prevents Age-Related Endothelial Dysfunction Hypertension, October 1, 2000; 36(4): 581 - 587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. B. Batchelor, K. J. Anstrom, L. H. Muhlbaier, R. Grosswald, W. S. Weintraub, W. W. O'Neill, E. D. Peterson, and for the National Cardiovascular Network Collaborat Contemporary outcome trends in the elderly undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions: Results in 7,472 octogenarians J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 1, 2000; 36(3): 723 - 730. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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