Donate Help Contact The AHA Sign In Home
American Heart Association
Circulation
Search: search_blue_button Advanced Search
Circulation. 1995;91:2488-2496

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Berliner, J. A.
Right arrow Articles by Lusis, A. J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Berliner, J. A.
Right arrow Articles by Lusis, A. J.
Right arrowPubmed/NCBI databases
*Substance via MeSH

(Circulation. 1995;91:2488-2496.)
© 1995 American Heart Association, Inc.


Articles

Atherosclerosis: Basic Mechanisms

Oxidation, Inflammation, and Genetics

Judith A. Berliner, PhD; Mohamad Navab, PhD; Alan M. Fogelman, MD; Joy S. Frank, PhD; Linda L. Demer, MD, PhD; Peter A. Edwards, PhD; Andrew D. Watson, BS; Aldons J. Lusis, PhD

From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.B., M.N., A.M.F., J.S.F., L.L.D., P.A.E., A.J.L.), Pathology (J.A.B., A.D.W.), Physiology (J.S.F., L.L.D.), Biological Chemistry (P.A.E.), and Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (A.J.L.), University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, and the College of Letters and Sciences (A.J.L.), Los Angeles, Calif.

Correspondence to Alan M. Fogelman, MD, Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1736.

Abstract The clinical events resulting from atherosclerosis are directly related to the oxidation of lipids in LDLs that become trapped in the extracellular matrix of the subendothelial space. These oxidized lipids activate an NF{kappa}B-like transcription factor and induce the expression of genes containing NF{kappa}B binding sites. The protein products of these genes initiate an inflammatory response that initially leads to the development of the fatty streak. The progression of the lesion is associated with the activation of genes that induce arterial calcification, which changes the mechanical characteristics of the artery wall and predisposes to plaque rupture at sites of monocytic infiltration. Plaque rupture exposes the flowing blood to tissue factor in the lesion, and this induces thrombosis, which is the proximate cause of the clinical event. There appear to be potent genetically determined systems for preventing lipid oxidation, inactivating biologically important oxidized lipids, and/or modulating the inflammatory response to oxidized lipids that may explain the differing susceptibility of individuals and populations to the development of atherosclerosis. Enzymes associated with HDL may play an important role in protecting against lipid oxidation in the artery wall and may account in part for the inverse relation between HDL and risk for atherosclerotic clinical events.


Key Words: atherosclerosis • lipids • genes • antioxidants • lipoproteins




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
ANGIOLOGYHome page
A. P. L. Mota, M. E. R. de Castro Santos, F. d. C. Lima e Silva, N. C. de Carvalho Schachnik, M. de Oliveira Sousa, and M. das Gracas Carvalho
Hypercoagulability Markers in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease: Association to Ankle-brachial Index
Angiology, October 1, 2009; 60(5): 529 - 535.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J. Biol. Chem.Home page
J. Watanabe, V. Grijalva, S. Hama, K. Barbour, F. G. Berger, M. Navab, A. M. Fogelman, and S. T. Reddy
Hemoglobin and Its Scavenger Protein Haptoglobin Associate with ApoA-1-containing Particles and Influence the Inflammatory Properties and Function of High Density Lipoprotein
J. Biol. Chem., July 3, 2009; 284(27): 18292 - 18301.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.Home page
M. Mizobuchi, D. Towler, and E. Slatopolsky
Vascular Calcification: The Killer of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., July 1, 2009; 20(7): 1453 - 1464.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Lipid Res.Home page
B. Scazzocchio, R. Vari, M. D'Archivio, C. Santangelo, C. Filesi, C. Giovannini, and R. Masella
Oxidized LDL impair adipocyte response to insulin by activating serine/threonine kinases
J. Lipid Res., May 1, 2009; 50(5): 832 - 845.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Lipid Res.Home page
P. Martinez-Miguel, V. Raoch, C. Zaragoza, J. M. Valdivielso, M. Rodriguez-Puyol, D. Rodriguez-Puyol, and S. Lopez-Ongil
Endothelin-converting enzyme-1 increases in atherosclerotic mice: potential role of oxidized low density lipoproteins
J. Lipid Res., March 1, 2009; 50(3): 364 - 375.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
D. T. Bolick, M. D. Skaflen, L. E. Johnson, S.-C. Kwon, D. Howatt, A. Daugherty, K. S. Ravichandran, and C. C. Hedrick
G2A Deficiency in Mice Promotes Macrophage Activation and Atherosclerosis
Circ. Res., February 13, 2009; 104(3): 318 - 327.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CJASNHome page
J.-M. Bugnicourt, J.-M. Chillon, Z. A Massy, S. Canaple, C. Lamy, H. Deramond, and O. Godefroy
High Prevalence of Intracranial Artery Calcification in Stroke Patients with CKD: A Retrospective Study
Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., February 1, 2009; 4(2): 284 - 290.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
K. K. Schnoes, I. Z. Jaffe, L. Iyer, A. Dabreo, M. Aronovitz, B. Newfell, U. Hansen, G. Rosano, and M. E. Mendelsohn
Research Resource: Rapid Recruitment of Temporally Distinct Vascular Gene Sets by Estrogen
Mol. Endocrinol., November 1, 2008; 22(11): 2544 - 2556.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
H. Arima, M. Kubo, K. Yonemoto, Y. Doi, T. Ninomiya, Y. Tanizaki, J. Hata, K. Matsumura, M. Iida, and Y. Kiyohara
High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Coronary Heart Disease in a General Population of Japanese: The Hisayama Study
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 2008; 28(7): 1385 - 1391.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
B. Fuhrman, J. Khateeb, M. Shiner, O. Nitzan, R. Karry, N. Volkova, and M. Aviram
Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Upregulates Paraoxonase 2 Expression in Macrophages Via an NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Mechanism
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 2008; 28(7): 1361 - 1367.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Biol. Chem.Home page
C. Wolfrum, J. J. Howell, E. Ndungo, and M. Stoffel
Foxa2 Activity Increases Plasma High Density Lipoprotein Levels by Regulating Apolipoprotein M
J. Biol. Chem., June 13, 2008; 283(24): 16940 - 16949.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
N. A. Pidkovka, O. A. Cherepanova, T. Yoshida, M. R. Alexander, R. A. Deaton, J. A. Thomas, N. Leitinger, and G. K. Owens
Oxidized Phospholipids Induce Phenotypic Switching of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells In Vivo and In Vitro
Circ. Res., October 12, 2007; 101(8): 792 - 801.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
F. Natella, M. Nardini, F. Belelli, and C. Scaccini
Coffee drinking induces incorporation of phenolic acids into LDL and increases the resistance of LDL to ex vivo oxidation in humans
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2007; 86(3): 604 - 609.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
D. T. Bolick, A. M. Whetzel, M. Skaflen, T. L. Deem, J. Lee, and C. C. Hedrick
Absence of the G Protein-Coupled Receptor G2A in Mice Promotes Monocyte/Endothelial Interactions in Aorta
Circ. Res., March 2, 2007; 100(4): 572 - 580.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
S. M. Colgan and R. C. Austin
Homocysteinylation of Metallothionein Impairs Intracellular Redox Homeostasis: The Enemy Within!
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2007; 27(1): 8 - 11.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Br J AnaesthHome page
G. M. Howard-Alpe, J. W. Sear, and P. Foex
Methods of detecting atherosclerosis in non-cardiac surgical patients; the role of biochemical markers
Br. J. Anaesth., December 1, 2006; 97(6): 758 - 769.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
M. Ditiatkovski, B.-H. Toh, and A. Bobik
GM-CSF Deficiency Reduces Macrophage PPAR-{gamma} Expression and Aggravates Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient Mice
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 2006; 26(10): 2337 - 2344.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
ANGIOLOGYHome page
A. Guven, A. Cetinkaya, M. Aral, G. Sokmen, M. A. Buyukbese, A. Guven, and N. Koksal
High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Angiology, May 1, 2006; 57(3): 295 - 302.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Endocr. Rev.Home page
J. Nigro, N. Osman, A. M. Dart, and P. J. Little
Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis
Endocr. Rev., May 1, 2006; 27(3): 242 - 259.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
C. K. Roberts, D. Won, S. Pruthi, S. Kurtovic, R. K. Sindhu, N. D. Vaziri, and R. J. Barnard
Effect of a short-term diet and exercise intervention on oxidative stress, inflammation, MMP-9, and monocyte chemotactic activity in men with metabolic syndrome factors
J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2006; 100(5): 1657 - 1665.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Endocr. Rev.Home page
A. D. Mooradian, M. J. Haas, and N. C. W. Wong
The Effect of Select Nutrients on Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein A-I Levels
Endocr. Rev., February 1, 2006; 27(1): 2 - 16.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
A. Gutierrez, E. P. Ratliff, A. M. Andres, X. Huang, W. L. McKeehan, and R. A. Davis
Bile Acids Decrease Hepatic Paraoxonase 1 Expression and Plasma High-Density Lipoprotein Levels Via FXR-Mediated Signaling of FGFR4
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2006; 26(2): 301 - 306.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
StrokeHome page
Y. Wakugawa, Y. Kiyohara, Y. Tanizaki, M. Kubo, T. Ninomiya, J. Hata, Y. Doi, K. Okubo, Y. Oishi, K. Shikata, et al.
C-Reactive Protein and Risk of First-Ever Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke in a General Japanese Population: The Hisayama Study
Stroke, January 1, 2006; 37(1): 27 - 32.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
D. G. Johns, Z. Ao, M. Eybye, A. Olzinski, M. Costell, S. Gruver, S. A. Smith, S. A. Douglas, and C. H. Macphee
Rosiglitazone Protects against Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Leukocyte Adhesion in the Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rat
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., December 1, 2005; 315(3): 1020 - 1027.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
J. Cai, T. S. Hatsukami, M. S. Ferguson, W. S. Kerwin, T. Saam, B. Chu, N. Takaya, N. L. Polissar, and C. Yuan
In Vivo Quantitative Measurement of Intact Fibrous Cap and Lipid-Rich Necrotic Core Size in Atherosclerotic Carotid Plaque: Comparison of High-Resolution, Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Histology
Circulation, November 29, 2005; 112(22): 3437 - 3444.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. Xia, M. Hou, H. Zhu, J. Ma, Z. Tang, Q. Wang, Y. Li, D. Chi, X. Yu, T. Zhao, et al.
Anthocyanins Induce Cholesterol Efflux from Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages: THE ROLE OF THE PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR {gamma}-LIVER X RECEPTOR {alpha}-ABCA1 PATHWAY
J. Biol. Chem., November 4, 2005; 280(44): 36792 - 36801.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
C. De Ciuceis, F. Amiri, P. Brassard, D. H. Endemann, R. M. Touyz, and E. L. Schiffrin
Reduced Vascular Remodeling, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Oxidative Stress in Resistance Arteries of Angiotensin II-Infused Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Deficient Mice: Evidence for a Role in Inflammation in Angiotensin-Induced Vascular Injury
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 2005; 25(10): 2106 - 2113.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Lipid Res.Home page
N. Androulakis, H. Durand, E. Ninio, and D. C. Tsoukatos
Molecular and mechanistic characterization of platelet-activating factor-like bioactivity produced upon LDL oxidation
J. Lipid Res., September 1, 2005; 46(9): 1923 - 1932.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
C. Meisinger, J. Baumert, N. Khuseyinova, H. Loewel, and W. Koenig
Plasma Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein, a Strong Predictor for Acute Coronary Heart Disease Events in Apparently Healthy, Middle-Aged Men From the General Population
Circulation, August 2, 2005; 112(5): 651 - 657.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am J EpidemiolHome page
A. G. Mainous III, B. J. Wells, R. J. Koopman, C. J. Everett, and J. M. Gill
Iron, Lipids, and Risk of Cancer in the Framingham Offspring Cohort
Am. J. Epidemiol., June 15, 2005; 161(12): 1115 - 1122.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Am Coll CardiolHome page
C. Kasapis and P. D. Thompson
The Effects of Physical Activity on Serum C-Reactive Protein and Inflammatory Markers: A Systematic Review
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 17, 2005; 45(10): 1563 - 1569.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
D. T. Bolick, S. Srinivasan, K. W. Kim, M. E. Hatley, J. J. Clemens, A. Whetzel, N. Ferger, T. L. Macdonald, M. D. Davis, P. S. Tsao, et al.
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Prevents Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha}-Mediated Monocyte Adhesion to Aortic Endothelium in Mice
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2005; 25(5): 976 - 981.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Psychosom. Med.Home page
R. M. Carney, K. E. Freedland, and R. C. Veith
Depression, the Autonomic Nervous System, and Coronary Heart Disease
Psychosom Med, May 1, 2005; 67(Supplement_1): S29 - S33.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
C. Giannattasio, A. Zoppo, G. Gentile, M. Failla, A. Capra, F.M. Maggi, A. Catapano, and G. Mancia
Acute Effect of High-Fat Meal on Endothelial Function in Moderately Dyslipidemic Subjects
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2005; 25(2): 406 - 410.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
J. D. Morrow
Quantification of Isoprostanes as Indices of Oxidant Stress and the Risk of Atherosclerosis in Humans
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2005; 25(2): 279 - 286.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
J. Viereck, F. L. Ruberg, Y. Qiao, A. S. Perez, K. Detwiller, M. Johnstone, and J. A. Hamilton
MRI of Atherothrombosis Associated With Plaque Rupture
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2005; 25(1): 240 - 245.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Lipid Res.Home page
S. D. Nguyen and D.-E. Sok
Preferential inhibition of paraoxonase activity of human paraoxonase 1 by negatively charged lipids
J. Lipid Res., December 1, 2004; 45(12): 2211 - 2220.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.Home page
S. Seibold, D. Schurle, A. Heinloth, G. Wolf, M. Wagner, and J. Galle
Oxidized LDL Induces Proliferation and Hypertrophy in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells via Regulation of p27Kip1 Expression: Role of RhoA
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., December 1, 2004; 15(12): 3026 - 3034.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
A. Kampschulte, M.S. Ferguson, W.S. Kerwin, N. L. Polissar, B. Chu, T. Saam, T.S. Hatsukami, and C. Yuan
Differentiation of Intraplaque Versus Juxtaluminal Hemorrhage/Thrombus in Advanced Human Carotid Atherosclerotic Lesions by In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Circulation, November 16, 2004; 110(20): 3239 - 3244.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Physiol.Home page
D. J Green, A. Maiorana, G. O'Driscoll, and R. Taylor
Effect of exercise training on endothelium-derived nitric oxide function in humans
J. Physiol., November 15, 2004; 561(1): 1 - 25.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
MutagenesisHome page
B. Smolkova, M. Dusinska, K. Raslova, M. Barancokova, A. Kazimirova, A. Horska, V. Spustova, and A. Collins
Folate levels determine effect of antioxidant supplementation on micronuclei in subjects with cardiovascular risk
Mutagenesis, November 1, 2004; 19(6): 469 - 476.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Exp. Biol. Med.Home page
M. Negishi, H. Shimizu, S. Okada, A. Kuwabara, F. Okajima, and M. Mori
9HODE Stimulates Cell Proliferation and Extracellular Matrix Synthesis in Human Mesangial Cells via PPAR{gamma}
Experimental Biology and Medicine, November 1, 2004; 229(10): 1053 - 1060.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Lipid Res.Home page
W. Shi, H. Pei, J. J. Fischer, J. C. James, J. F. Angle, A. H. Matsumoto, G. A. Helm, and I. J. Sarembock
Neointimal formation in two apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse strains with different atherosclerosis susceptibility
J. Lipid Res., November 1, 2004; 45(11): 2008 - 2014.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Nutr.Home page
J. M. Geleijnse, C. Vermeer, D. E. Grobbee, L. J. Schurgers, M. H. J. Knapen, I. M. van der Meer, A. Hofman, and J. C. M. Witteman
Dietary Intake of Menaquinone Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: The Rotterdam Study
J. Nutr., November 1, 2004; 134(11): 3100 - 3105.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Diabetes and Vascular Disease ResearchHome page
A. F. Kernohan, A. Spiers, N. Sattar, C. Hillier, S. J Cleland, M. Small, M.-A. Lumsden, J. M. Connell, and J. R Petrie
Effects of low-dose continuous combined HRT on vascular function in women with type 2 diabetes
Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, October 1, 2004; 1(2): 82 - 88.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. Hockerstedt, M. Jauhiainen, and M. J. Tikkanen
Lecithin/Cholesterol Acyltransferase Induces Estradiol Esterification in High-Density Lipoprotein, Increasing Its Antioxidant Potential
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2004; 89(10): 5088 - 5093.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
BloodHome page
Y. Nakai, K. Iwabuchi, S. Fujii, N. Ishimori, N. Dashtsoodol, K. Watano, T. Mishima, C. Iwabuchi, S. Tanaka, J. S. Bezbradica, et al.
Natural killer T cells accelerate atherogenesis in mice
Blood, October 1, 2004; 104(7): 2051 - 2059.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
X. L. Wang, D. L Rainwater, M. C Mahaney, and R. Stocker
Cosupplementation with vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 reduces circulating markers of inflammation in baboons
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2004; 80(3): 649 - 655.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
S. T. Reddy, J. T. Nguyen, V. Grijalva, G. Hough, S. Hama, M. Navab, and A. M. Fogelman
Potential Role for Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-1 in the Development of Atherosclerotic Lesions in Mouse Models
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 2004; 24(9): 1676 - 1681.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
StrokeHome page
J. Golledge, M. McCann, S. Mangan, A. Lam, and M. Karan
Osteoprotegerin and Osteopontin Are Expressed at High Concentrations Within Symptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis
Stroke, July 1, 2004; 35(7): 1636 - 1641.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
S. Keidar, M. Kaplan, E. Pavlotzky, R. Coleman, T. Hayek, S. Hamoud, and M. Aviram
Aldosterone Administration to Mice Stimulates Macrophage NADPH Oxidase and Increases Atherosclerosis Development: A Possible Role for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and the Receptors for Angiotensin II and Aldosterone
Circulation, May 11, 2004; 109(18): 2213 - 2220.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
Z. Ma, J. Li, L. Yang, Y. Mu, W. Xie, B. Pitt, and S. Li
Inhibition of LPS- and CpG DNA-induced TNF-{alpha} response by oxidized phospholipids
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, April 1, 2004; 286(4): L808 - L816.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Neurosci.Home page
A. Nakajima, K. Yamada, T. Nagai, T. Uchiyama, Y. Miyamoto, T. Mamiya, J. He, A. Nitta, M. Mizuno, M. H. Tran, et al.
Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} in Methamphetamine-Induced Drug Dependence and Neurotoxicity
J. Neurosci., March 3, 2004; 24(9): 2212 - 2225.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
ChestHome page
J. C. Yugar-Toledo, J. E. Tanus-Santos, M. Sabha, M. G. Sousa, M. Cittadino, L. H. B. Tacito, and H. Moreno Jr.
Uncontrolled Hypertension, Uncompensated Type II Diabetes, and Smoking Have Different Patterns of Vascular Dysfunction
Chest, March 1, 2004; 125(3): 823 - 830.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
DiabetesHome page
A. D. Mooradian, M. J. Haas, and N. C.W. Wong
Transcriptional Control of Apolipoprotein A-I Gene Expression in Diabetes
Diabetes, March 1, 2004; 53(3): 513 - 520.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
BloodHome page
E. Kanters, M. J.J. Gijbels, I. van der Made, M. N. Vergouwe, P. Heeringa, G. Kraal, M. H. Hofker, and M. P. J. de Winther
Hematopoietic NF-{kappa}B1 deficiency results in small atherosclerotic lesions with an inflammatory phenotype
Blood, February 1, 2004; 103(3): 934 - 940.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Pathol.Home page
D. M. J. Curfs, E. Lutgens, M. J. J. Gijbels, M. M. Kockx, M. J. A. P. Daemen, and F. J. van Schooten
Chronic Exposure to the Carcinogenic Compound Benzo[a]Pyrene Induces Larger and Phenotypically Different Atherosclerotic Plaques in ApoE-Knockout Mice
Am. J. Pathol., January 1, 2004; 164(1): 101 - 108.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
J. Hwang, M. H. Ing, A. Salazar, B. Lassegue, K. Griendling, M. Navab, A. Sevanian, and T. K. Hsiai
Pulsatile Versus Oscillatory Shear Stress Regulates NADPH Oxidase Subunit Expression: Implication for Native LDL Oxidation
Circ. Res., December 12, 2003; 93(12): 1225 - 1232.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
FASEB J.Home page
E. POLIAKOV, M.-L. BRENNAN, J. MACPHERSON, R. ZHANG, W. SHA, L. NARINE, R. G. SALOMON, and S. L. HAZEN
Isolevuglandins, a novel class of isoprostenoid derivatives, function as integrated sensors of oxidant stress and are generated by myeloperoxidase in vivo
FASEB J, December 1, 2003; 17(15): 2209 - 2220.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
S. Deakin, I. Leviev, S. Guernier, and R. W. James
Simvastatin Modulates Expression of the PON1 Gene and Increases Serum Paraoxonase: A Role for Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein-2
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 2003; 23(11): 2083 - 2089.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Physiol. Rev.Home page
B. OSTERUD and E. BJORKLID
Role of Monocytes in Atherogenesis
Physiol Rev, October 1, 2003; 83(4): 1069 - 1112.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
HeartHome page
D Tousoulis, G Davies, C Stefanadis, P Toutouzas, and J A Ambrose
Inflammatory and thrombotic mechanisms in coronary atherosclerosis
Heart, September 1, 2003; 89(9): 993 - 997.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
ChestHome page
R. P. Tracy
Thrombin, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease: An Epidemiologic Perspective
Chest, September 1, 2003; 124 (2009): 49S - 57S.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
J. Barkhausen, W. Ebert, C. Heyer, J. F. Debatin, and H.-J. Weinmann
Detection of Atherosclerotic Plaque With Gadofluorine-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Circulation, August 5, 2003; 108(5): 605 - 609.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Biol. Chem.Home page
D. M. Golodne, R. Q. Monteiro, A. V. Graca-Souza, M. A. C. Silva-Neto, and G. C. Atella
Lysophosphatidylcholine Acts as an Anti-hemostatic Molecule in the Saliva of the Blood-sucking Bug Rhodnius prolixus
J. Biol. Chem., July 18, 2003; 278(30): 27766 - 27771.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
C.-y. Yang, J. L. Raya, H.-H. Chen, C.-H. Chen, Y. Abe, H. J. Pownall, A. A. Taylor, and C. V. Smith
Isolation, Characterization, and Functional Assessment of Oxidatively Modified Subfractions of Circulating Low-Density Lipoproteins
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 2003; 23(6): 1083 - 1090.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Psychosom. Med.Home page
M. Danner, S. V. Kasl, J. L. Abramson, and V. Vaccarino
Association Between Depression and Elevated C-Reactive Protein
Psychosom Med, May 1, 2003; 65(3): 347 - 356.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
G. N. Fredrikson, B. Hedblad, G. Berglund, R. Alm, M. Ares, B. Cercek, K.-Y. Chyu, P. K. Shah, and J. Nilsson
Identification of Immune Responses Against Aldehyde-Modified Peptide Sequences in ApoB Associated With Cardiovascular Disease
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2003; 23(5): 872 - 878.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
A. E. May, V. Redecke, S. Gruner, R. Schmidt, S. Massberg, T. Miethke, B. Ryba, C. Prazeres da Costa, A. Schomig, and F.-J. Neumann
Recruitment of Chlamydia pneumoniae-Infected Macrophages to the Carotid Artery Wall in Noninfected, Nonatherosclerotic Mice
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2003; 23(5): 789 - 794.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
H. Kirii, T. Niwa, Y. Yamada, H. Wada, K. Saito, Y. Iwakura, M. Asano, H. Moriwaki, and M. Seishima
Lack of Interleukin-1{beta} Decreases the Severity of Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient Mice
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2003; 23(4): 656 - 660.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. Schoppet, A. M. Sattler, J. R. Schaefer, M. Herzum, B. Maisch, and L. C. Hofbauer
Increased Osteoprotegerin Serum Levels in Men with Coronary Artery Disease
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2003; 88(3): 1024 - 1028.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
J. D. Morrow
Is Oxidant Stress a Connection Between Obesity and Atherosclerosis?
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 2003; 23(3): 368 - 370.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Eur Heart J SupplHome page
U. Landmesser and H. Drexler
Oxidative stress, the renin-angiotensin system, and atherosclerosis
Eur. Heart J. Suppl., January 1, 2003; 5(suppl_A): A3 - A7.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Eur Heart J SupplHome page
R. De Caterina and C. Manes
Inflammation in early atherogenesis: impact of ACE inhibition
Eur. Heart J. Suppl., January 1, 2003; 5(suppl_A): A15 - A24.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Nephrol Dial TransplantHome page
V. Schachinger and A. M. Zeiher
Atherogenesis--recent insights into basic mechanisms and their clinical impact
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., December 1, 2002; 17(12): 2055 - 2064.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
C. R. Kiefer, J. B. McKenney, J. F. Trainor, and L. M. Snyder
Maturation-Dependent Acquired Coronary Structural Alterations and Atherogenesis in the Dahl Sodium-Sensitive Hypertensive Rat
Circulation, November 5, 2002; 106(19): 2486 - 2490.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
G. Atzmon, I. Gabriely, W. Greiner, D. Davidson, C. Schechter, and N. Barzilai
Plasma HDL Levels Highly Correlate With Cognitive Function in Exceptional Longevity
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., November 1, 2002; 57(11): M712 - 715.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
K. Nishi, H. Itabe, M. Uno, K. T. Kitazato, H. Horiguchi, K. Shinno, and S. Nagahiro
Oxidized LDL in Carotid Plaques and Plasma Associates With Plaque Instability
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 2002; 22(10): 1649 - 1654.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
H. Kaneda, M. Ohno, J. Taguchi, M. Togo, H. Hashimoto, K. Ogasawara, T. Aizawa, N. Ishizaka, and R. Nagai
Heme Oxygenase-1 Gene Promoter Polymorphism Is Associated With Coronary Artery Disease in Japanese Patients With Coronary Risk Factors
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 2002; 22(10): 1680 - 1685.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
ANGIOLOGYHome page
V. Raos and B. J. Strujic
Dyslipoproteinemia and Coronary Disease
Angiology, September 1, 2002; 53(5): 557 - 562.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Cardiovasc ResHome page
K. K. Koh
Effects of estrogen on the vascular wall: vasomotor function and inflammation
Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2002; 55(4): 714 - 726.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Am. Coll. Nutr.Home page
I. Bureau, F. Laporte, M. Favier, H. Faure, M. Fields, A. E. Favier, and A.-M. Roussel
No Antioxidant Effect of Combined HRT on LDL Oxidizability and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Treated Post-Menopausal Women
J. Am. Coll. Nutr., August 1, 2002; 21(4): 333 - 338.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
T. C. Major, L. Liang, X. Lu, W. Rosebury, and T. M.A. Bocan
Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer (EMMPRIN) Is Induced Upon Monocyte Differentiation and Is Expressed in Human Atheroma
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 2002; 22(7): 1200 - 1207.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
L. J. Pinderski, M. P. Fischbein, G. Subbanagounder, M. C. Fishbein, N. Kubo, H. Cheroutre, L. K. Curtiss, J. A. Berliner, and W. A. Boisvert
Overexpression of Interleukin-10 by Activated T Lymphocytes Inhibits Atherosclerosis in LDL Receptor-Deficient Mice by Altering Lymphocyte and Macrophage Phenotypes
Circ. Res., May 31, 2002; 90(10): 1064 - 1071.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Lipid Res.Home page
J. L. Sanchez-Quesada, S. Benitez, C. Otal, M. Franco, F. Blanco-Vaca, and J. Ordonez-Llanos
Density distribution of electronegative LDL in normolipemic and hyperlipemic subjects
J. Lipid Res., May 1, 2002; 43(5): 699 - 705.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Lipid Res.Home page
E. Boisfer, D. Stengel, D. Pastier, P. M. Laplaud, N. Dousset, E. Ninio, and A.-D. Kalopissis
Antioxidant properties of HDL in transgenic mice overexpressing human apolipoprotein A-II
J. Lipid Res., May 1, 2002; 43(5): 732 - 741.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
RadiologyHome page
B. A. Wasserman, W. I. Smith, H. H. Trout III, R. O. Cannon III, R. S. Balaban, and A. E. Arai
Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis: In Vivo Morphologic Characterization with Gadolinium-enhanced Double-oblique MR Imaging—Initial Results
Radiology, May 1, 2002; 223(2): 566 - 573.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
T. E. Akiyama, S. Sakai, G. Lambert, C. J. Nicol, K. Matsusue, S. Pimprale, Y.-H. Lee, M. Ricote, C. K. Glass, H. B. Brewer Jr., et al.
Conditional Disruption of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor {gamma} Gene in Mice Results in Lowered Expression of ABCA1, ABCG1, and apoE in Macrophages and Reduced Cholesterol Efflux
Mol. Cell. Biol., April 15, 2002; 22(8): 2607 - 2619.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
F. Basso, G. D.O. Lowe, A. Rumley, A. D. McMahon, and S. E. Humphries
Interleukin-6 -174G>C Polymorphism and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS)
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2002; 22(4): 599 - 604.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
W. Shi, X. Wang, K. Tangchitpiyanond, J. Wong, Y. Shi, and A. J. Lusis
Atherosclerosis in C3H/HeJ Mice Reconstituted With Apolipoprotein E-Null Bone Marrow
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2002; 22(4): 650 - 655.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Lipid Res.Home page
A. Hockerstedt, M. J. Tikkanen, and M. Jauhiainen
LCAT facilitates transacylation of 17{beta}-estradiol in the presence of HDL3 subfraction
J. Lipid Res., March 1, 2002; 43(3): 392 - 397.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Eur Heart J SupplHome page
G.F. Gensini and B. Dilaghi
The unstable plaque
Eur. Heart J. Suppl., March 1, 2002; 4(suppl_B): B22 - B27.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J. Biol. Chem.Home page
G. Subbanagounder, J. W. Wong, H. Lee, K. F. Faull, E. Miller, J. L. Witztum, and J. A. Berliner
Epoxyisoprostane and Epoxycyclopentenone Phospholipids Regulate Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 and Interleukin-8 Synthesis. FORMATION OF THESE OXIDIZED PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN RESPONSE TO INTERLEUKIN-1beta
J. Biol. Chem., February 22, 2002; 277(9): 7271 - 7281.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
G. Arcaro, A. Cretti, S. Balzano, A. Lechi, M. Muggeo, E. Bonora, and R. C. Bonadonna
Insulin Causes Endothelial Dysfunction in Humans: Sites and Mechanisms
Circulation, February 5, 2002; 105(5): 576 - 582.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
Y. Tintut, J. Patel, M. Territo, T. Saini, F. Parhami, and L. L. Demer
Monocyte/Macrophage Regulation of Vascular Calcification In Vitro
Circulation, February 5, 2002; 105(5): 650 - 655.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Immunol.Home page
Y. Bulut, E. Faure, L. Thomas, H. Karahashi, K. S. Michelsen, O. Equils, S. G. Morrison, R. P. Morrison, and M. Arditi
Chlamydial Heat Shock Protein 60 Activates Macrophages and Endothelial Cells Through Toll-Like Receptor 4 and MD2 in a MyD88-Dependent Pathway
J. Immunol., February 1, 2002; 168(3): 1435 - 1440.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Cardiovasc ResHome page
Z.-B. Lei, Z. Zhang, Q. Jing, Y.-W. Qin, G. Pei, B.-Z. Cao, and X.-Y. Li
OxLDL upregulates CXCR2 expression in monocytes via scavenger receptors and activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 2002; 53(2): 524 - 532.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Eur Heart JHome page
A. Steptoe and M. Marmot
The role of psychobiological pathways in socio-economic inequalities in cardiovascular disease risk
Eur. Heart J., January 1, 2002; 23(1): 13 - 25.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Lipid Res.Home page
H. Kamido, H. Eguchi, H. Ikeda, T. Imaizumi, K. Yamana, K. Hartvigsen, A. Ravandi, and A. Kuksis
Core aldehydes of alkyl glycerophosphocholines in atheroma induce platelet aggregation and inhibit endothelium-dependent arterial relaxation
J. Lipid Res., January 1, 2002; 43(1): 158 - 166.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
M. Toborek, Y. W. Lee, R. Garrido, S. Kaiser, and B. Hennig
Unsaturated fatty acids selectively induce an inflammatory environment in human endothelial cells
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2002; 75(1): 119 - 125.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]