(Circulation. 1996;93:898-904.)
© 1996 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Ultrafast Computed Tomography as a Diagnostic Modality in the Detection of Coronary Artery Disease
A Multicenter Study
From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, Calif (M.J.B., D.G., J.K., B.H.B.); the Department of Radiology, SUNY-Buffalo, Buffalo, NY (A.B.); Mount Sinai Hospital, Miami, Fla (A.S.A., W.R.J.); the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Illinois, Chicago (C.W., S.R.); the Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City (W.S.); the Health, Research, and Education Center, Washington State University at Spokane (P.S.); and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, Calif (R.J.L.).
Background Ultrafast computed tomography (CT), by acquiring images of the proximal coronary arteries, detects coronary calcifications and has been demonstrated to be highly sensitive for the detection of coronary artery disease in many small studies. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between ultrafast CT scanning and coronary angiography in a large number of symptomatic patients.
Methods and Results The study population consisted of 710 patients from six participating centers. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the individual contributions of age, number of calcified vessels, and the calcium score for the probability of angiographically significant disease. Of the 710 patients enrolled, 427 patients had significant angiographic disease, and coronary calcification was detected in 404, yielding a sensitivity of 95%. Of the 23 patients without calcifications, 19 (83%) had single-vessel disease at angiography. Of the 283 patients without angiographically significant disease, 124 had negative ultrafast CT coronary studies, for a specificity of 44%. An increasing number of vessels with calcification present on ultrafast CT was found to increase specificity for the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease in at least one vessel (P<.0001). As the log of the calcium score increases, the probability of multivessel obstructive disease increases (P<.0001).
Conclusions Ultrafast CT scanning is a noninvasive, non–exercise-dependent test with an excellent sensitivity for the detection of coronary artery disease. The presence of calcifications in multiple vessels and in younger populations correlates with higher specificities for obstructive disease, making ultrafast CT coronary scanning a very useful diagnostic test.
Key Words: coronary disease • tomography • diagnosis • imaging • plaque
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  J. M. van Werkhoven, J. D. Schuijf, O. Gaemperli, J. W. Jukema, L. J. Kroft, E. Boersma, A. Pazhenkottil, I. Valenta, G. Pundziute, A. de Roos, et al. Incremental prognostic value of multi-slice computed tomography coronary angiography over coronary artery calcium scoring in patients with suspected coronary artery disease Eur. Heart J., November 1, 2009; 30(21): 2622 - 2629. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. D. Rosen, V. Fernandes, R. L. McClelland, J. J. Carr, R. Detrano, D. A. Bluemke, and J. A.C. Lima Relationship Between Baseline Coronary Calcium Score and Demonstration of Coronary Artery Stenoses During Follow-Up: MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Img., October 1, 2009; 2(10): 1175 - 1183. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Bastarrika, C. Thilo, G. F. Headden, P. L. Zwerner, P. Costello, and U. J. Schoepf Cardiac CT in the Assessment of Acute Chest Pain in the Emergency Department Am. J. Roentgenol., August 1, 2009; 193(2): 397 - 409. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Sarwar, L. J. Shaw, M. D. Shapiro, R. Blankstein, U. Hoffman, R. C. Cury, S. Abbara, T. J. Brady, M. J. Budoff, R. S. Blumenthal, et al. Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Absence of Coronary Artery Calcification J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Img., June 1, 2009; 2(6): 675 - 688. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Chang, M. D. Cham, S. Hu, and Y. Wang 3-T Navigator Parallel-Imaging Coronary MR Angiography: Targeted-Volume Versus Whole-Heart Acquisition Am. J. Roentgenol., July 1, 2008; 191(1): 38 - 42. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Sorajja, A. S. Gami, V. K. Somers, T. R. Behrenbeck, A. Garcia-Touchard, and F. Lopez-Jimenez Independent Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease Chest, April 1, 2008; 133(4): 927 - 933. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. S. White and D. Kuo Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Role of Multidetector CT Radiology, December 1, 2007; 245(3): 672 - 681. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. J. Porter, A. Stavroulopoulos, S. D. Roe, K. Pointon, and M. J.D. Cassidy Detection of coronary and peripheral artery calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3 and 4, with and without diabetes Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., November 1, 2007; 22(11): 3208 - 3213. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. B. Harris, L. J. Launer, G. Eiriksdottir, O. Kjartansson, P. V. Jonsson, G. Sigurdsson, G. Thorgeirsson, T. Aspelund, M. E. Garcia, M. F. Cotch, et al. Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study: Multidisciplinary Applied Phenomics Am. J. Epidemiol., May 1, 2007; 165(9): 1076 - 1087. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A N Kiani, E K Fishman, and M Petri Aortic valve calcification in systemic lupus erythematosus Lupus, December 1, 2006; 15(12): 873 - 876. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. Budoff, S. Achenbach, R. S. Blumenthal, J. J. Carr, J. G. Goldin, P. Greenland, A. D. Guerci, J. A.C. Lima, D. J. Rader, G. D. Rubin, et al. Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease by Cardiac Computed Tomography: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Committee on Cardiovascular Imaging and Intervention, Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, and Committee on Cardiac Imaging, Council on Clinical Cardiology Circulation, October 17, 2006; 114(16): 1761 - 1791. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Wang, M. Jerosch-Herold, D. R. Jacobs Jr, E. Shahar, R. Detrano, A. R. Folsom, and for the MESA Study Investigators Coronary Artery Calcification and Myocardial Perfusion in Asymptomatic Adults: The MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 5, 2006; 48(5): 1018 - 1026. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Wittlinger, I. Martinovic, R. Moosdorf, and A. Moritz Imaging of calcified coronary arteries with multislice computed tomography. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, August 1, 2006; 14(4): 321 - 327. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Budoff Aged Garlic Extract Retards Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification, J. Nutr., March 1, 2006; 136(3): 741S - 744S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H.H.H. Feringa, J.J. Bax, O. Schouten, and D. Poldermans Ischemic heart disease in renal transplant candidates: Towards non-invasive approaches for preoperative risk stratification Eur J Echocardiogr, October 1, 2005; 6(5): 313 - 316. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K P Burdon, C D Langefeld, S R Beck, L E Wagenknecht, J J Carr, B I Freedman, D Herrington, and D W Bowden Association of genes of lipid metabolism with measures of subclinical cardiovascular disease in the Diabetes Heart Study J. Med. Genet., September 1, 2005; 42(9): 720 - 724. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. G. Terry, J. J. Carr, R. Tang, G. W. Evans, E. O. Kouba, R. Shi, D. R. Cook, J. L.C. Vieira, M. A. Espeland, M. F. Mercuri, et al. Coronary Artery Calcium Outperforms Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness as a Noninvasive Index of Prevalent Coronary Artery Stenosis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 2005; 25(8): 1723 - 1728. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Melina, P. Horkaew, M. Amrani, M. B. Rubens, M. H. Yacoub, and G.-Z. Yang Three-dimensional in vivo characterization of calcification in native valves and in Freestyle versus homograft aortic valves J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., July 1, 2005; 130(1): 41 - 47. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. H. K. Hoffmann, H. Shi, R. Manzke, F. T. Schmid, L. De Vries, M. Grass, H.-J. Brambs, and A. J. Aschoff Noninvasive Coronary Angiography with 16-Detector Row CT: Effect of Heart Rate Radiology, January 1, 2005; 234(1): 86 - 97. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Jain, R. Peshock, D. K. McGuire, D. Willett, Z. Yu, G. L. Vega, R. Guerra, H. H. Hobbs, S. M. Grundy, and the Dallas Heart Study Investigators African Americans and Caucasians have a similar prevalence of coronary calcium in the Dallas Heart Study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 1, 2004; 44(5): 1011 - 1017. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Nasir, R. F. Redberg, M. J. Budoff, E. Hui, W. S. Post, and R. S. Blumenthal Utility of Stress Testing and Coronary Calcification Measurement for Detection of Coronary Artery Disease in Women Arch Intern Med, August 9, 2004; 164(15): 1610 - 1620. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. Hokanson, T. MacKenzie, G. Kinney, J. K. Snell-Bergeon, D. Dabelea, J. Ehrlich, R. H. Eckel, and M. Rewers Evaluating Changes in Coronary Artery Calcium: An Analytic Method That Accounts for Interscan Variability Am. J. Roentgenol., May 1, 2004; 182(5): 1327 - 1332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. Budoff Tracking Progression of Heart Disease with Cardiac Computed Tomography Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, April 1, 2004; 9(2): 75 - 82. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. R. Kaiser, K. Billups, C. Mason, R. Wetterling, J. L. Lundberg, and A. J. Bank Impaired brachial artery endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation in men with erectile dysfunction and no other clinical cardiovascular disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 21, 2004; 43(2): 179 - 184. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Watanabe, T. Hiroki, and N. Koga Relation of Thoracic Aorta Calcification on Computed Tomography and Coronary Risk Factors to Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease on Angiography Angiology, July 1, 2003; 54(4): 433 - 441. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Mohlenkamp, N. Lehmann, A. Schmermund, H. Pump, S. Moebus, D. Baumgart, R. Seibel, D. H.W Gronemeyer, K.-H. Jockel, and R. Erbel Prognostic value of extensive coronary calcium quantities in symptomatic males--a 5-year follow-up study Eur. Heart J., May 1, 2003; 24(9): 845 - 854. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Erbell, T. Budde, G. Kerkhoff, S. Mohlenkamp, and A. Schmermund Understanding the pathophysiology of the arterial wall: which method should we choose? Electron beam computed tomography Eur. Heart J. Suppl., September 1, 2002; 4(suppl_F): F47 - F53. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Blankenship, L. Iliadis, W. Y. Kim, E. Nagel, and W. J. Manning Coronary Magnetic Resonance Angiography N. Engl. J. Med., May 2, 2002; 346(18): 1413 - 1414. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. E. Hokanson, S. Cheng, J. K. Snell-Bergeon, B. A. Fijal, M. A. Grow, C. Hung, H. A. Erlich, J. Ehrlich, R. H. Eckel, and M. Rewers A Common Promoter Polymorphism in the Hepatic Lipase Gene (LIPC-480C>T) Is Associated With an Increase in Coronary Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes Diabetes, April 1, 2002; 51(4): 1208 - 1213. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Budoff, T. P. Yang, R. M. Shavelle, D. H. Lamont, and B. H. Brundage Ethnic differences in coronary atherosclerosis J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 6, 2002; 39(3): 408 - 412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Y. Kim, P. G. Danias, M. Stuber, S. D. Flamm, S. Plein, E. Nagel, S. E. Langerak, O. M. Weber, E. M. Pedersen, M. Schmidt, et al. Coronary Magnetic Resonance Angiography for the Detection of Coronary Stenoses N. Engl. J. Med., December 27, 2001; 345(26): 1863 - 1869. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Arad, D. Newstein, F. Cadet, M. Roth, and A. D. Guerci Association of Multiple Risk Factors and Insulin Resistance With Increased Prevalence of Asymptomatic Coronary Artery Disease by an Electron-Beam Computed Tomographic Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 2001; 21(12): 2051 - 2058. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P Hunold, A Schmermund, R.M Seibel, D.H Gronemeyer, and R Erbel Prevalence and clinical significance of accidental findings in electron-beam tomographic scans for coronary artery calcification Eur. Heart J., September 2, 2001; 22(18): 1748 - 1758. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Mao, H. Bakhsheshi, B. Lu, S. C. K. Liu, R. J. Oudiz, and M. J. Budoff Effect of Electrocardiogram Triggering on Reproducibility of Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring Radiology, September 1, 2001; 220(3): 707 - 711. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Hong, C. R. Becker, A. Huber, U. J. Schoepf, B. Ohnesorge, A. Knez, R. Bruning, and M. F. Reiser ECG-gated Reconstructed Multi-Detector Row CT Coronary Angiography: Effect of Varying Trigger Delay on Image Quality Radiology, September 1, 2001; 220(3): 712 - 717. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Georgiou, M. J. Budoff, E. Kaufer, J. M. Kennedy, B. Lu, and B. H. Brundage Screening patients with chest pain in the emergency department using electron beam tomography: a follow-up study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 1, 2001; 38(1): 105 - 110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. S. Hecht and H. R. Superko Electron beam tomography and national cholesterol education program guidelines in asymptomatic women J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 1, 2001; 37(6): 1506 - 1511. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Grundy Coronary calcium as a risk factor: role in global risk assessment J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 1, 2001; 37(6): 1512 - 1515. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. E. Bild, A. R. Folsom, L. P. Lowe, S. Sidney, C. Kiefe, A. O. Westfall, Z.-J. Zheng, and J. Rumberger Prevalence and Correlates of Coronary Calcification in Black and White Young Adults : The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2001; 21(5): 852 - 857. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. K. Nallamothu, S. Saint, L. F. Bielak, S. S. Sonnad, P. A. Peyser, M. Rubenfire, and A. M. Fendrick Electron-Beam Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-analysis Arch Intern Med, March 26, 2001; 161(6): 833 - 838. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Haberl, A. Becker, A. Leber, A. Knez, C. Becker, C. Lang, R. Bruning, M. Reiser, and G. Steinbeck Correlation of coronary calcification and angiographically documented stenoses in patients with suspected coronary artery disease: results of 1,764 patients J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 1, 2001; 37(2): 451 - 457. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. K. Nallamothu, S. Saint, M. Rubenfire, and A. M. Fendrick Electron beam computed tomography in the diagnosis of obstructive coronary artery disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 1, 2001; 37(2): 689 - 690. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Napoli and W. Palinski Maternal hypercholesterolemia during pregnancy influences the later devolopment of atherosclerosis: clinical and pathogenic implications Eur. Heart J., January 1, 2001; 22(1): 4 - 9. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Moshage, S. Achenbach, and W. G. Daniel Novel approaches to the non-invasive diagnosis of coronary-artery disease Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., January 1, 2001; 16(1): 21 - 28. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. F. Bielak, P. F. Sheedy II, and P. A. Peyser Coronary Artery Calcification Measured at Electron-Beam CT: Agreement in Dual Scan Runs and Change over Time Radiology, January 1, 2001; 218(1): 224 - 229. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. M. Colhoun, M. B. Rubens, S. R. Underwood, and J. H. Fuller The effect of type 1 diabetes mellitus on the gender difference in coronary artery calcification J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 2000; 36(7): 2160 - 2167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Ohnesorge, T. Flohr, C. Becker, A. F. Kopp, U. J. Schoepf, U. Baum, A. Knez, K. Klingenbeck-Regn, and M. F. Reiser Cardiac Imaging by Means of Electrocardiographically Gated Multisection Spiral CT: Initial Experience Radiology, November 1, 2000; 217(2): 564 - 571. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Farzaneh-Far Electron beam computed tomography: on its way into mainstream cardiology? Eur. Heart J., September 2, 2000; 21(18): 1556 - 1557. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Fischer, D. E Gutstein, Z. A Fayad, and V. Fuster Predicting plaque rupture: enhancing diagnosis and clinical decision-making in coronary artery disease Vascular Medicine, August 1, 2000; 5(3): 163 - 172. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. F. Bielak, J. A. Rumberger, P. F. Sheedy II, R. S. Schwartz, and P. A. Peyser Probabilistic Model for Prediction of Angiographically Defined Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease Using Electron Beam Computed Tomography Calcium Score Strata Circulation, July 25, 2000; 102(4): 380 - 385. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A. O'Rourke, B. H. Brundage, V. F. Froelicher, P. Greenland, S. M. Grundy, R. Hachamovitch, G. M. Pohost, L. J. Shaw, W. S. Weintraub, W. L. Winters Jr, et al. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Expert Consensus Document on Electron-Beam Computed Tomography for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Coronary Artery Disease : Committee Members Circulation, July 4, 2000; 102(1): 126 - 140. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Shavelle, M. J. Budoff, D. H. LaMont, R. M. Shavelle, J. M. Kennedy, and B. H. Brundage Exercise testing and electron beam computed tomography in the evaluation of coronary artery disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 1, 2000; 36(1): 32 - 38. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A. O'Rourke, B. H. Brundage, V. F. Froelicher, P. Greenland, S. M. Grundy, R. Hachamovitch, G. M. Pohost, L. J. Shaw, W. S. Weintraub, W. L. Winters Jr, et al. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association expert consensus document on electron-beam computed tomography for the diagnosis and prognosis of coronary artery disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 1, 2000; 36(1): 326 - 340. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. D. Knollmann, W. Bocksch, S. Spiegelsberger, R. Hetzer, R. Felix, and M. Hummel Electron-Beam Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease After Heart Transplantation Circulation, May 2, 2000; 101(17): 2078 - 2082. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R Erbel, A Schmermund, S Mohlenkamp, S Sack, and D Baumgart Electron-beam computed tomography for detection of early signs of coronary arteriosclerosis Eur. Heart J., May 1, 2000; 21(9): 720 - 732. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. W. K. Kwok, Y. T. Lim, S. T. Quek, L. K. A. Tan, B. Kwok Wing Kuin, Y. T. Lim, S. T. Quek, and L. Tan Kheng Ann Electron-Beam Computed Tomography for Symptomatic Coronary Disease Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, March 1, 2000; 8(1): 46 - 49. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-C. Yoon, J. G. Goldin, L. E. Greaser III, J. Sayre, and G. C. Fonarow Interscan Variation in Coronary Artery Calcium Quantification in a Large Asymptomatic Patient Population Am. J. Roentgenol., March 1, 2000; 174(3): 803 - 809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Nishino, M. J. Malloy, J. Naya-Vigne, J. Russell, J. P. Kane, and R. F. Redberg Lack of association of lipoprotein(a) levels with coronary calcium deposits in asymptomatic postmenopausal women J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 1, 2000; 35(2): 314 - 320. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Greenland, J. Abrams, G. P. Aurigemma, M. G. Bond, L. T. Clark, M. H. Criqui, J. R. Crouse III, L. Friedman, V. Fuster, D. M. Herrington, et al. Prevention Conference V : Beyond Secondary Prevention : Identifying the High-Risk Patient for Primary Prevention : Noninvasive Tests of Atherosclerotic Burden : Writing Group III Circulation, January 4, 2000; 101 (1): e16 - e22. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Sechtem Electron beam computed tomography: on its way into mainstrem cardiology? Eur. Heart J., January 2, 2000; 21(2): 87 - 91. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. G.M. Hunink, K. M. Kuntz, K. E. Fleischmann, and T. J. Brady Noninvasive Imaging for the Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease: Focusing the Development of New Diagnostic Technology Ann Intern Med, November 2, 1999; 131(9): 673 - 680. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. F. Froelicher, W. F. Fearon, C. M. Ferguson, A. P. Morise, P. Heidenreich, J. West, and J. E. Atwood Lessons Learned From Studies of the Standard Exercise ECG Test Chest, November 1, 1999; 116(5): 1442 - 1451. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Stanford Opening Plenary Session: 1998 : Coronary Artery Calcification as an Indicator of Preclinical Coronary Artery Disease RadioGraphics, November 1, 1999; 19(6): 1409 - 1419. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. J. Oudiz, M. J. Siegel, and R. G. Evens Electron Beam Computed Tomography to Detect Coronary Artery Disease JAMA, October 20, 1999; 282(15): 1422 - 1423. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Grundy Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease : Integrating Risk Assessment With Intervention Circulation, August 31, 1999; 100(9): 988 - 998. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. G. Hundley, C. A. Hamilton, G. D. Clarke, L. D. Hillis, D. M. Herrington, R. A. Lange, R. J. Applegate, M. S. Thomas, J. Payne, K. M. Link, et al. Visualization and Functional Assessment of Proximal and Middle Left Anterior Descending Coronary Stenoses in Humans With Magnetic Resonance Imaging Circulation, June 29, 1999; 99(25): 3248 - 3254. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Pitt and M. Rubenfire Risk Stratification for the Detection of Preclinical Coronary Artery Disease Circulation, May 25, 1999; 99(20): 2610 - 2612. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Stanford Why Not Optimism? Radiology, April 1, 1999; 211(1): 287 - 288. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Schmermund, K. R. Bailey, J. A. Rumberger, J. E. Reed, P. F. Sheedy II, and R. S. Schwartz An algorithm for noninvasive identification of angiographic three-vessel and/or left main coronary artery disease in symptomatic patients on the basis of cardiac risk and electron-beam computed tomographic calcium scores J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 1, 1999; 33(2): 444 - 452. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Rumberger, T. Behrenbeck, J. F. Breen, and P. F. Sheedy II Coronary calcification by electron beam computed tomography and obstructive coronary artery disease: a model for costs and effectiveness of diagnosis as compared with conventional cardiac testing methods J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 1, 1999; 33(2): 453 - 462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Achenbach, W. Moshage, D. Ropers, J. Nossen, and W. G. Daniel Value of Electron-Beam Computed Tomography for the Noninvasive Detection of High-Grade Coronary-Artery Stenoses and Occlusions N. Engl. J. Med., December 31, 1998; 339(27): 1964 - 1971. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Taylor and P. G. O'Malley Self-Referral of Patients for Electron-Beam Computed Tomography to Screen for Coronary Artery Disease N. Engl. J. Med., December 31, 1998; 339(27): 2018 - 2020. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. S. Gidding, L. C. Bookstein, and E. V. Chomka Usefulness of Electron Beam Tomography in Adolescents and Young Adults With Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia Circulation, December 8, 1998; 98(23): 2580 - 2583. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Budoff, D. M. Shavelle, D. H. Lamont, H. T. Kim, P. Akinwale, J. M. Kennedy, and B. H. Brundage Usefulness of electron beam computed tomography scanning for distinguishing ischemic from nonischemic cardiomyopathy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 1, 1998; 32(5): 1173 - 1178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. D. Guerci, L. A. Spadaro, K. J. Goodman, A. Lledo-Perez, D. Newstein, G. Lerner, and Y. Arad Comparison of electron beam computed tomography scanning and conventional risk factor assessment for the prediction of angiographic coronary artery disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 1, 1998; 32(3): 673 - 679. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Stanford and B. H. Thompson Coronary atherosclerosis and its effect on cardiac structure and function: evaluation by electron beam computed tomography Clin. Chem., August 1, 1998; 44(8): 1871 - 1881. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Schmermund, D. Baumgart, G. Gorge, R. Seibel, D. Gronemeyer, J. Ge, M. Haude, J. Rumberger, and R. Erbel Coronary Artery Calcium in Acute Coronary Syndromes : A Comparative Study of Electron-Beam Computed Tomography, Coronary Angiography, and Intracoronary Ultrasound in Survivors of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Unstable Angina Circulation, September 2, 1997; 96(5): 1461 - 1469. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Wexler, B. Brundage, J. Crouse, R. Detrano, V. Fuster, J. Maddahi, J. Rumberger, W. Stanford, R. White, and K. Taubert Coronary Artery Calcification: Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Imaging Methods, and Clinical Implications: A Statement for Health Professionals From the American Heart Association Circulation, September 1, 1996; 94(5): 1175 - 1192. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Arad, L. A. Spadaro, K. Goodman, A. Lledo-Perez, S. Sherman, G. Lerner, and A. D. Guerci Predictive Value of Electron Beam Computed Tomography of the Coronary Arteries : 19-Month Follow-up of 1173 Asymptomatic Subjects Circulation, June 1, 1996; 93(11): 1951 - 1953. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 ULTRAFAST CT AS A SCREENING TEST FOR CORONARY DISEASE Journal Watch (General), March 26, 1996; 1996(326): 3 - 3. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. J. Vogl, N. D. Abolmaali, T. Diebold, K. Engelmann, M. Ay, S. Dogan, G. Wimmer-Greinecker, A. Moritz, and C. Herzog Techniques for the Detection of Coronary Atherosclerosis: Multi-detector Row CT Coronary Angiography Radiology, April 1, 2002; 223(1): 212 - 220. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Budoff, G. A. Diamond, P. Raggi, Y. Arad, A. D. Guerci, T. Q. Callister, and D. Berman Continuous Probabilistic Prediction of Angiographically Significant Coronary Artery Disease Using Electron Beam Tomography Circulation, April 16, 2002; 105(15): 1791 - 1796. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|