(Circulation. 1996;93:1630-1633.)
© 1996 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Ischemic Stroke and the Gene for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Japanese Hypertensives
From the Department of Internal Medicine, Awaji-Hokudan Public Clinic (K.K.), Hyogo, Japan; Hyogo (Japan) Prefectural Awaji Hospital (K.K., T.M.); and the Department of Pathology (N.K., K. Saito), Department of Community and Family Medicine (N.N.), and Department of Cardiology (K. Shimada), Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.
Correspondence to Dr Kazuomi Kario, 480, Ikuha, Hokudan, Tsuna, Hyogo, 656-16, Japan.
Background The ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism is reported to be associated with myocardial infarction in both whites and Japanese. However, there have been no reports on the association of this polymorphism with stroke in each race. Furthermore, there are some racial differences in the demographics of cardiovascular diseases. In Japanese, stroke (especially that which occurs in preexisting hypertension) is more common and coronary artery disease much less common than in whites. We propose that the ACE I/D polymorphism might be associated with hypertensive cerebrovascular disease in Japanese.
Methods and Results To study the association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and hypertensive cerebrovascular disease, we identified the ACE I/D genotype in 228 hypertensive and 104 normotensive Japanese subjects. Compared with its frequency (0.31) in the 90 hypertensives without lacunae detected by magnetic resonance imaging, the ACE*D allele frequency was significantly higher (0.47; P<.001) in the 138 hypertensives with silent or clinically overt ischemic stroke, whereas there was no significant difference between its frequency in hypertensives without lacunae and in 104 normotensive control subjects (0.34). The positive association between the ACE I/D genotype and ischemic stroke in hypertensive patients was independent of other risk factors.
Conclusions We found a positive association between the ACE*D allele and ischemic stroke in Japanese hypertensives in our study. The ACE*D allele may be an independent risk factor for the development of cerebrovascular disease in hypertensive patients.
Key Words: cerebrovascular disorders • enzymes • genes • hypertension
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  S. Nasreen, T. Nabika, H. Shibata, H. Moriyama, K. Yamashita, J. Masuda, and S. Kobayashi T-786C Polymorphism in Endothelial NO Synthase Gene Affects Cerebral Circulation in Smokers: Possible Gene-Environmental Interaction Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., April 1, 2002; 22(4): 605 - 610. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. B. Gorelick Stroke Prevention Therapy Beyond Antithrombotics: Unifying Mechanisms in Ischemic Stroke Pathogenesis and Implications for Therapy: An Invited Review Stroke, March 1, 2002; 33(3): 862 - 875. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Sierra, A. Coca, E. Gomez-Angelats, E. Poch, J. Sobrino, and A. de la Sierra Renin-Angiotensin System Genetic Polymorphisms and Cerebral White Matter Lesions in Essential Hypertension Hypertension, February 1, 2002; 39(2): 343 - 347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Rahmutula, T. Nakayama, Y. Izumi, Y. Ozawa, H. Shimabukuro, H. Kawamura, S. Zhen-Wang, J. Xiong-Wang, M. Aisa, C. Run-Yang, et al. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene and Longevity in the Xin Jiang Uighur Autonomous Region of China: An Association Study J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., January 1, 2002; 57(1): M57 - 60. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Mannami, T. Katsuya, S. Baba, N. Inamoto, K. Ishikawa, J. Higaki, T. Ogihara, and J. Ogata Low Potentiality of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism as a Useful Predictive Marker for Carotid Atherogenesis in a Large General Population of a Japanese City : The Suita Study Stroke, June 1, 2001; 32(6): 1250 - 1256. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Hou, D. Osei-Hyiaman, H. Yu, Z. Ren, Z. Zhang, B. Wang, and S. Harada Association of a 27-bp repeat polymorphism in ecNOS gene with ischemic stroke in Chinese patients Neurology, February 27, 2001; 56(4): 490 - 496. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Hassan and H. S. Markus Genetics and ischaemic stroke Brain, September 1, 2000; 123(9): 1784 - 1812. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Pfohl, M. Koch, S. Prescod, K.K. Haase, H.U. Haring, and K.R. Karsch Angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene polymorphism, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. An angiographically controlled study Eur. Heart J., September 2, 1999; 20(18): 1318 - 1325. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Notsu, T. Nabika, H.-Y. Park, J. Masuda, and S. Kobayashi Evaluation of Genetic Risk Factors for Silent Brain Infarction Stroke, September 1, 1999; 30(9): 1881 - 1886. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Y.L. Zee, P. M. Ridker, M. J. Stampfer, C. H. Hennekens, and K. Lindpaintner Prospective Evaluation of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and the Risk of Stroke Circulation, January 26, 1999; 99(3): 340 - 343. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Kario, T. Matsuo, H. Kobayashi, N. Kanai, S. Hoshide, T. Mitsuhashi, U. Ikeda, S. Nishiuma, M. Matsuo, and K. Shimada Endothelial cell damage and angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion genotype in elderly hypertensive patients J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 1, 1998; 32(2): 444 - 450. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Chapman, N. Wang, T. A. Treves, A. D. Korczyn, and N. M. Bornstein ACE, MTHFR, Factor V Leiden, and APOE Polymorphisms in Patients With Vascular and Alzheimer's Dementia Stroke, July 1, 1998; 29(7): 1401 - 1404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Sharma Meta-analysis of the ACE gene in ischaemic stroke J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, February 1, 1998; 64(2): 227 - 230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. J. Oskarsson and D. D. Heistad Oxidative Stress Produced by Angiotensin Too: Implications for Hypertension and Vascular Injury Circulation, February 4, 1997; 95(3): 557 - 559. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Kario, N. Kanai, S. Nishiuma, T. Fujii, K. Saito, T. Matsuo, M. Matsuo, and K. Shimada Hypertensive Nephropathy and the Gene for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., February 1, 1997; 17(2): 252 - 256. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Nasreen, T. Nabika, H. Shibata, H. Moriyama, K. Yamashita, J. Masuda, and S. Kobayashi T-786C Polymorphism in Endothelial NO Synthase Gene Affects Cerebral Circulation in Smokers: Possible Gene-Environmental Interaction Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., April 1, 2002; 22(4): 605 - 610. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|