(Circulation. 1996;94:258-265.)
© 1996 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition With Quinapril Improves Endothelial Vasomotor Dysfunction in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
The TREND (Trial on Reversing ENdothelial Dysfunction) Study
the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (G.B.J.M.); Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research, Ann Arbor, Mich (G.C.H., M.I.K., H.E.H., A.C.G.U.); Hospital Clinico Universitaro, Madrid, Spain (C.M.); Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (B.J.O.); Westchester County Medical Center, Valhalla, NY (A.L.P.); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (R.G.C.); University of Florida, Gainesville (T.J.W., C.J.P.); Klinikum Innenstadt der Universitat, Munchen, Germany (H.M.); Inselspital Bern, Switzerland (T.F.L.); and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (B.P.).
Background Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may exert some of their benefits in the therapy of hypertension, congestive heart failure, and acute myocardial infarction by their improvement of endothelial dysfunction. TREND (Trial on Reversing ENdothelial Dysfunction) investigated whether quinapril might improve endothelial dysfunction in normotensive patients with coronary artery disease and no heart failure, cardiomyopathy, or major lipid abnormalities so that confounding variables that affect endothelial dysfunction could be minimized.
Methods and Results Using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design, we measured the effects of quinapril (40 mg daily) on coronary artery diameter responses to acetylcholine using quantitative coronary angiography. The primary response variable was the net change in the acetylcholine-provoked constriction of target segments between the baseline (prerandomization) and 6-month follow-up angiograms. The constrictive responses to acetylcholine were comparable in the placebo (n=54) and quinapril (n=51) groups at baseline. After 6 months, only the quinapril group showed significant net improvement in response to incremental concentrations of acetylcholine (4.5±3.0% [mean±SEM] versus -0.1±2.8% at 10-6 mol/L and 12.1±3.0% versus -0.8±2.9% at 10-4 mol/L, quinapril versus placebo, respectively; overall P=.002).
Conclusions TREND shows that ACE inhibition with quinapril improved endothelial dysfunction in patients who were normotensive and who did not have severe hyperlipidemia or evidence of heart failure. These benefits of ACE inhibition are likely due to attenuation of the contractile effects and superoxide-generating effects of angiotensin II and to enhancement of endothelial cell release of nitric oxide secondary to diminished breakdown of bradykinin.
Key Words: angiotensin • coronary disease • endothelium-derived factors • acetylcholine
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L. Ghiadoni, A. Magagna, D. Versari, I. Kardasz, Y. Huang, S. Taddei, and A. Salvetti Different Effect of Antihypertensive Drugs on Conduit Artery Endothelial Function Hypertension, June 1, 2003; 41(6): 1281 - 1286. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Matsumoto, K. Minai, H. Horie, N. Ohira, H. Takashima, Y. Tarutani, Y. o Yasuda, T. Ozawa, S. Matsuo, M. Kinoshita, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition but not angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonism augments coronary release of tissue plasminogen activator in hypertensive patients J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 16, 2003; 41(8): 1373 - 1379. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Weis and J. P. Cooke Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy and Dysregulation of the NO Synthase Pathway Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2003; 23(4): 567 - 575. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. H. Schindler, B. Hornig, P. T. Buser, M. Olschewski, N. Magosaki, M. Pfisterer, E. U. Nitzsche, U. Solzbach, and H. Just Prognostic Value of Abnormal Vasoreactivity of Epicardial Coronary Arteries to Sympathetic Stimulation in Patients With Normal Coronary Angiograms Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 2003; 23(3): 495 - 501. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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V. S. Monroe, R. A. Kerensky, E. Rivera, K. M. Smith, and C. J. Pepine Pharmacologic plaque passivation for the reduction of recurrent cardiac events in acute coronary syndromes J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 19, 2003; 41(4_Suppl_S): 23S - 30S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. J. Anderson, J. Hubacek, D. G. Wyse, and M. L. Knudtson Effect of chelation therapy on endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease: PATCH substudy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 5, 2003; 41(3): 420 - 425. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. O. Bonetti, L. O. Lerman, and A. Lerman Endothelial Dysfunction: A Marker of Atherosclerotic Risk Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2003; 23(2): 168 - 175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. G. F. Bronzwaer, C. Heymes, C. A. Visser, and W. J. Paulus Myocardial fibrosis blunts nitric oxide synthase-related preload reserve in human dilated cardiomyopathy Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2003; 284(1): H10 - H16. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Staniloae, A. J. Schwab, A. Simard, R. Gallo, I. Dyrda, G. Gosselin, J. Lesperance, J. W. Ryan, and J. Dupuis In vivo measurement of coronary circulation angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in humans Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2003; 284(1): H17 - H22. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Yan, D. Kim, T. Aizawa, and B. C. Berk Functional Interplay Between Angiotensin II and Nitric Oxide: Cyclic GMP as a Key Mediator Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2003; 23(1): 26 - 36. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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U. Landmesser and H. Drexler Oxidative stress, the renin-angiotensin system, and atherosclerosis Eur. Heart J. Suppl., January 1, 2003; 5(suppl_A): A3 - A7. [Abstract] [PDF]
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N. Werner and G. Nickenig AT1 receptors in atherosclerosis: biological effects including growth, angiogenesis, and apoptosis Eur. Heart J. Suppl., January 1, 2003; 5(suppl_A): A9 - A13. [Abstract] [PDF]
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F. Enseleit, T.F. Luscher, and F. Ruschitzka Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and endothelial dysfunction: focus on ramipril Eur. Heart J. Suppl., January 1, 2003; 5(suppl_A): A31 - A36. [Abstract] [PDF]
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L. Murphey, D. Vaughan, and N. Brown Contribution of bradykinin to the cardioprotective effects of ACE inhibitors Eur. Heart J. Suppl., January 1, 2003; 5(suppl_A): A37 - A41. [Abstract] [PDF]
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C-K Wong and H D White Relation between blood pressure after an acute coronary event and subsequent cardiovascular risk Heart, December 1, 2002; 88(6): 555 - 558. [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. G. Hugenholtz Greek technology or mythology? Eur. Heart J., November 1, 2002; 23(21): 1639 - 1639. [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Iraculis, A. Cequier, J. A. Gomez-Hospital, M. Sabate, J. Mauri, E. Fernandez-Nofrerias, B. Garcia del Blanco, F. Jara, and E. Esplugas Early dysfunction and long-term improvement in endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the infarct-related artery after thrombolysis J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 17, 2002; 40(2): 257 - 265. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. A. Mangiafico, L. S. Malatino, T. Attina, R. Messina, and C. E. Fiore Exaggerated Endothelin Release in Response to Acute Mental Stress in Patients with Intermittent Claudication Angiology, July 1, 2002; 53(4): 383 - 390. [Abstract] [PDF]
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