(Circulation. 1996;94:258-265.)
© 1996 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (G.B.J.M.); Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research, Ann Arbor, Mich (G.C.H., M.I.K., H.E.H., A.C.G.U.); Hospital Clinico Universitaro, Madrid, Spain (C.M.); Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (B.J.O.); Westchester County Medical Center, Valhalla, NY (A.L.P.); St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (R.G.C.); University of Florida, Gainesville (T.J.W., C.J.P.); Klinikum Innenstadt der Universitat, Munchen, Germany (H.M.); Inselspital Bern, Switzerland (T.F.L.); and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (B.P.).
Background Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may exert some of their benefits in the therapy of hypertension, congestive heart failure, and acute myocardial infarction by their improvement of endothelial dysfunction. TREND (Trial on Reversing ENdothelial Dysfunction) investigated whether quinapril might improve endothelial dysfunction in normotensive patients with coronary artery disease and no heart failure, cardiomyopathy, or major lipid abnormalities so that confounding variables that affect endothelial dysfunction could be minimized.
Methods and Results Using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design, we measured the effects of quinapril (40 mg daily) on coronary artery diameter responses to acetylcholine using quantitative coronary angiography. The primary response variable was the net change in the acetylcholine-provoked constriction of target segments between the baseline (prerandomization) and 6-month follow-up angiograms. The constrictive responses to acetylcholine were comparable in the placebo (n=54) and quinapril (n=51) groups at baseline. After 6 months, only the quinapril group showed significant net improvement in response to incremental concentrations of acetylcholine (4.5±3.0% [mean±SEM] versus -0.1±2.8% at 10-6 mol/L and 12.1±3.0% versus -0.8±2.9% at 10-4 mol/L, quinapril versus placebo, respectively; overall P=.002).
Conclusions TREND shows that ACE inhibition with quinapril improved endothelial dysfunction in patients who were normotensive and who did not have severe hyperlipidemia or evidence of heart failure. These benefits of ACE inhibition are likely due to attenuation of the contractile effects and superoxide-generating effects of angiotensin II and to enhancement of endothelial cell release of nitric oxide secondary to diminished breakdown of bradykinin.
Key Words: angiotensin coronary disease endothelium-derived factors acetylcholine
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
J.-C. Tardif Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and atherosclerotic plaque: a key role in the cardiovascular protection of patients with coronary artery disease Eur. Heart J. Suppl., August 1, 2009; 11(suppl_E): E9 - E16. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. F. Luscher, M. Pieper, M. Tendera, M. Vrolix, W. Rutsch, F. van den Branden, R. Gil, K.-O. Bischoff, M. Haude, D. Fischer, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled study on the effect of nifedipine on coronary endothelial function and plaque formation in patients with coronary artery disease: the ENCORE II study Eur. Heart J., July 1, 2009; 30(13): 1590 - 1597. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Oeseburg, D. Iusuf, P. van der Harst, W. H. van Gilst, R. H. Henning, and A. J.M. Roks Bradykinin Protects Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Endothelial Cell Senescence Hypertension, February 1, 2009; 53(2): 417 - 422. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Kitta, J.-e. Obata, T. Nakamura, M. Hirano, Y. Kodama, D. Fujioka, Y. Saito, K.-i. Kawabata, K. Sano, T. Kobayashi, et al. Persistent impairment of endothelial vasomotor function has a negative impact on outcome in patients with coronary artery disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 27, 2009; 53(4): 323 - 330. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
V. Rudolph, T. K. Rudolph, F. J. Schopfer, G. Bonacci, D. Lau, K. Szocs, A. Klinke, T. Meinertz, B. A. Freeman, and S. Baldus Bivalirudin Decreases NO Bioavailability by Vascular Immobilization of Myeloperoxidase J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., November 1, 2008; 327(2): 324 - 331. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Verma and M. K. Gupta Aliskiren Improves Nitric Oxide Bioavailability and Limits Atherosclerosis Hypertension, September 1, 2008; 52(3): 467 - 469. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Genoud, V. Wietlisbach, F. Feihl, A. Mermod, D. Morin, R. Darioli, P. Nicod, V. Mooser, B. Waeber, D. Hayoz, et al. Surrogate Markers for Atherosclerosis in Overweight Subjects With Atherogenic Dyslipidemia: The GEMS Project Angiology, August 1, 2008; 59(4): 484 - 492. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. J. Flammer, I. Sudano, F. Hermann, S. Gay, A. Forster, M. Neidhart, P. Kunzler, F. Enseleit, D. Periat, M. Hermann, et al. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Improves Vascular Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis Circulation, April 29, 2008; 117(17): 2262 - 2269. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. P. Van Guilder, M. Pretorius, J. M. Luther, J. B. Byrd, K. Hill, J. V. Gainer, and N. J. Brown Bradykinin Type 2 Receptor BE1 Genotype Influences Bradykinin-Dependent Vasodilation During Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Hypertension, February 1, 2008; 51(2): 454 - 459. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. L. Rouleau, W. J. Warnica, R. Baillot, P. J. Block, S. Chocron, D. Johnstone, M. G. Myers, C.-D. Calciu, S. Dalle-Ave, P. Martineau, et al. Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition in Low-Risk Patients Early After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Circulation, January 1, 2008; 117(1): 24 - 31. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Symeonides, S. Koulouris, E. Vratsista, K. Triantafyllou, G. Ioannidis, N. Thalassinos, and D. Katritsis Both ramipril and telmisartan reverse indices of early diabetic cardiomyopathy: A comparative study Eur J Echocardiogr, December 1, 2007; 8(6): 480 - 486. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Heeneman, J. C. Sluimer, and M. J.A.P. Daemen Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Vascular Remodeling Circ. Res., August 31, 2007; 101(5): 441 - 454. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Erbs, A. Linke, V. Schachinger, B. Assmus, H. Thiele, K.-W. Diederich, C. Hoffmann, S. Dimmeler, T. Tonn, R. Hambrecht, et al. Restoration of Microvascular Function in the Infarct-Related Artery by Intracoronary Transplantation of Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: The Doppler Substudy of the Reinfusion of Enriched Progenitor Cells and Infarct Remodeling in Acute Myocardial Infarction (REPAIR-AMI) Trial Circulation, July 24, 2007; 116(4): 366 - 374. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. M Cubbon, A. Rajwani, and S. B Wheatcroft The impact of insulin resistance on endothelial function, progenitor cells and repair Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, June 1, 2007; 4(2): 103 - 111. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. E. Deanfield, J. P. Halcox, and T. J. Rabelink Endothelial Function and Dysfunction: Testing and Clinical Relevance Circulation, March 13, 2007; 115(10): 1285 - 1295. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Donnelly and G. Manning Review: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and coronary heart disease prevention Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, March 1, 2007; 8(1): 13 - 22. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. J Bank, A. S Kelly, D. R Kaiser, W. W Crawford, B. Waxman, D. A Schow, and K. L Billups The effects of quinapril and atorvastatin on the responsiveness to sildenafil in men with erectile dysfunction Vascular Medicine, November 1, 2006; 11(4): 251 - 257. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. H. Strauss and A. S. Hall Angiotensin Receptor Blockers May Increase Risk of Myocardial Infarction: Unraveling the ARB-MI Paradox Circulation, August 22, 2006; 114(8): 838 - 854. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. W. Rice and A. B. Lumsden Optimal Medical Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, August 1, 2006; 40(4): 312 - 327. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J L Lattimore, I Wilcox, M Skilton, M Langenfeld, and D S Celermajer Treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea leads to improved microvascular endothelial function in the systemic circulation Thorax, June 1, 2006; 61(6): 491 - 495. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. A. Ahimastos, A. Lawler, C. M. Reid, P. A. Blombery, and B. A. Kingwell Brief Communication: Ramipril Markedly Improves Walking Ability in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Randomized Trial Ann Intern Med, May 2, 2006; 144(9): 660 - 664. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Kohlstedt, C. Gershome, M. Friedrich, W. Muller-Esterl, F. Alhenc-Gelas, R. Busse, and I. Fleming Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Dimerization Is the Initial Step in the ACE Inhibitor-Induced ACE Signaling Cascade in Endothelial Cells Mol. Pharmacol., May 1, 2006; 69(5): 1725 - 1732. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. H. Al-Mallah, I. M. Tleyjeh, A. A. Abdel-Latif, and W. D. Weaver Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Coronary Artery Disease and Preserved Left Ventricular Systolic Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 18, 2006; 47(8): 1576 - 1583. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Danchin, M. Cucherat, C. Thuillez, E. Durand, Z. Kadri, and P. G. Steg Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Absence of Heart Failure or Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction: An Overview of Long-term Randomized Controlled Trials. Arch Intern Med, April 10, 2006; 166(7): 787 - 796. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Stanisavljevic, T. Ignjatovic, P. A. Deddish, V. Brovkovych, K. Zhang, E. G. Erdos, and R. A. Skidgel Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Block Protein Kinase C{epsilon} by Activating Bradykinin B1 Receptors in Human Endothelial Cells J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., March 1, 2006; 316(3): 1153 - 1158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. J. Brown, J. A.S. Muldowney III, and D. E. Vaughan Endogenous NO Regulates Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 During Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Hypertension, March 1, 2006; 47(3): 441 - 448. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. P. Schulman, L. C. Becker, D. A. Kass, H. C. Champion, M. L. Terrin, S. Forman, K. V. Ernst, M. D. Kelemen, S. N. Townsend, A. Capriotti, et al. L-Arginine Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction: The Vascular Interaction With Age in Myocardial Infarction (VINTAGE MI) Randomized Clinical Trial JAMA, January 4, 2006; 295(1): 58 - 64. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Pretorius, J. M. Luther, L. J. Murphey, D. E. Vaughan, and N. J. Brown Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Increases Basal Vascular Tissue Plasminogen Activator Release in Women But Not in Men Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 2005; 25(11): 2435 - 2440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. M. Kawut, E. M. Horn, K. K. Berekashvili, A. C. Widlitz, E. B. Rosenzweig, and R. J. Barst von Willebrand Factor Independently Predicts Long-term Survival in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Chest, October 1, 2005; 128(4): 2355 - 2362. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. A Voors, P. P. van Geel, H. Buikema, M. Oosterga, D. J van Veldhuisen, and W. H van Gilst High Angiotensin II Responsiveness is Associated with Decreased Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation in Human Arteries Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, September 1, 2005; 6(3): 145 - 150. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
HOPE/HOPE-TOO Study Investigators Long-Term Effects of Ramipril on Cardiovascular Events and on Diabetes: Results of the HOPE Study Extension Circulation, August 30, 2005; 112(9): 1339 - 1346. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J Trevelyan, E W A Needham, A Morris, and R K Mattu Comparison of the effect of enalapril and losartan in conjunction with surgical coronary revascularisation versus revascularisation alone on systemic endothelial function Heart, August 1, 2005; 91(8): 1053 - 1057. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. L. Herrick Pathogenesis of Raynaud's phenomenon Rheumatology, May 1, 2005; 44(5): 587 - 596. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. Fleming, K. Kohlstedt, and R. Busse New fACEs to the Renin-Angiotensin System Physiology, April 1, 2005; 20(2): 91 - 95. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Fujiki, H. Shimokawa, K. Morikawa, H. Kubota, M. Hatanaka, M.A. H. Talukder, T. Matoba, A. Takeshita, and K. Sunagawa Endothelium-Derived Hydrogen Peroxide Accounts for the Enhancing Effect of an Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor on Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor-Mediated Responses in Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2005; 25(4): 766 - 771. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. L. Lazar Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in the Coronary Artery Bypass Patient Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 2005; 79(3): 1081 - 1089. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Kohlstedt, R. Busse, and I. Fleming Signaling via the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Enhances the Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Endothelial Cells Hypertension, January 1, 2005; 45(1): 126 - 132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. R. Morgan, L. J. Dixon, C. G. Hanratty, S. M.T. Hughes, W. J. Leahey, K. P. Rooney, G. D. Johnston, and G. E. McVeigh Impaired endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation in elderly patients with chronic heart failure Eur J Heart Fail, December 1, 2004; 6(7): 901 - 908. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. Pitt ACE Inhibitors for Patients with Vascular Disease without Left Ventricular Dysfunction -- May They Rest in PEACE? N. Engl. J. Med., November 11, 2004; 351(20): 2115 - 2117. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. A.S. Muldowney III, S. N. Davis, D. E. Vaughan, and N. J. Brown NO Synthase Inhibition Increases Aldosterone in Humans Hypertension, November 1, 2004; 44(5): 739 - 745. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. S. Lim, R. J. MacFadyen, and G. Y. H. Lip Diabetes Mellitus, the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, and the Heart Arch Intern Med, September 13, 2004; 164(16): 1737 - 1748. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S R Johnson, P J Harvey, J S Floras, M Iwanochko, D Ibanez, D D Gladman, and M Urowitz Impaired brachial artery endothelium dependent flow mediated dilation in systemic lupus erythematosus: preliminary observations Lupus, August 1, 2004; 13(8): 590 - 593. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Walters, S. Muir, I. Shah, and K. Lees Effect of Perindopril on Cerebral Vasomotor Reactivity in Patients With Lacunar Infarction Stroke, August 1, 2004; 35(8): 1899 - 1902. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. K. Koh, J. W. Son, J. Y. Ahn, D. S. Kim, D. K. Jin, H. S. Kim, S. H. Han, Y.-H. Seo, W.-J. Chung, W. C. Kang, et al. Simvastatin Combined With Ramipril Treatment in Hypercholesterolemic Patients Hypertension, August 1, 2004; 44(2): 180 - 185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. I. Sokol, E. L. Portnay, J. P. Curtis, M. A. Nelson, P. R. Hebert, J. F. Setaro, and J. M. Foody Modulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system for the secondary prevention of stroke Neurology, July 27, 2004; 63(2): 208 - 213. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. N. Cohn, A. A. Quyyumi, N. K. Hollenberg, and K. A. Jamerson Surrogate Markers for Cardiovascular Disease: Functional Markers Circulation, June 29, 2004; 109(25_suppl_1): IV-31 - IV-46. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Andreozzi, E. Laratta, A. Sciacqua, F. Perticone, and G. Sesti Angiotensin II Impairs the Insulin Signaling Pathway Promoting Production of Nitric Oxide by Inducing Phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 on Ser312 and Ser616 in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Circ. Res., May 14, 2004; 94(9): 1211 - 1218. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. P. Tiefenbacher, S. Friedrich, T. Bleeke, C. Vahl, X. Chen, and F. Niroomand ACE inhibitors and statins acutely improve endothelial dysfunction of human coronary arterioles Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2004; 286(4): H1425 - H1432. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Wassmann, M. Stumpf, K. Strehlow, A. Schmid, B. Schieffer, M. Bohm, and G. Nickenig Interleukin-6 Induces Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction by Overexpression of the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Circ. Res., March 5, 2004; 94(4): 534 - 541. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Komers, R. Simkova, L. Kazdova, J. Ruzickova, and T. Pelikanova Effects of ACE inhibition and AT1-receptor blockade on haemodynamic responses to L-arginine in Type 1 diabetes Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, March 1, 2004; 5(1): 33 - 38. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. D. Imig ACE Inhibition and Bradykinin-Mediated Renal Vascular Responses: EDHF Involvement Hypertension, March 1, 2004; 43(3): 533 - 535. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Kinlay, D. Behrendt, J. C. Fang, D. Delagrange, J. Morrow, J. L. Witztum, N. Rifai, A. P. Selwyn, M. A. Creager, and P. Ganz long-term effect of combined vitamins e and c on coronary and peripheral endothelial function J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 18, 2004; 43(4): 629 - 634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Kohlstedt, R. P. Brandes, W. Muller-Esterl, R. Busse, and I. Fleming Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Is Involved in Outside-In Signaling in Endothelial Cells Circ. Res., January 9, 2004; 94(1): 60 - 67. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Tonduangu, L. Hittinger, B. Ghaleh, P. Le Corvoisier, L. Sambin, S. Champagne, T. Badoual, F. Vincent, A. Berdeaux, B. Crozatier, et al. Chronic Infusion of Bradykinin Delays the Progression of Heart Failure and Preserves Vascular Endothelium-Mediated Vasodilation in Conscious Dogs Circulation, January 6, 2004; 109(1): 114 - 119. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. J. Pepine, J.-L. Rouleau, K. Annis, A. Ducharme, P. Ma, J. Lenis, R. Davies, U. Thadani, B. Chaitman, H. E. Haber, et al. Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on transient ischemia: The quinapril anti-ischemia and symptoms of angina reduction (QUASAR) trial J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 17, 2003; 42(12): 2049 - 2059. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Thai, J. Wollmuth, S. Goldman, and M. Gaballa Angiotensin Subtype 1 Receptor (AT1) Blockade Improves Vasorelaxation in Heart Failure by Up-Regulation of Endothelial Nitric-Oxide Synthase via Activation of the AT2 Receptor J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., December 1, 2003; 307(3): 1171 - 1178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Arroyo-Espliguero, N. Mollichelli, P. Avanzas, E. Zouridakis, V. R Newey, D. K Nassiri, and J. C. Kaski Chronic inflammation and increased arterial stiffness in patients with cardiac syndrome X Eur. Heart J., November 2, 2003; 24(22): 2006 - 2011. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. T Hirsch and D. Duprez The potential role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in peripheral arterial disease Vascular Medicine, November 1, 2003; 8(4): 273 - 278. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. E. Widlansky, N. Gokce, J. F. Keaney Jr, and J. A. Vita The clinical implications of endothelial dysfunction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 1, 2003; 42(7): 1149 - 1160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. D Timmis Plaque stabilisation in acute coronary syndromes: clinical considerations Heart, October 1, 2003; 89(10): 1268 - 1272. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. M. Lowson Nitric Oxide Signaling and Clinical Alternatives to Nitric Oxide Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, September 1, 2003; 7(3): 239 - 252. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. A. Griffiths, M. A. Sader, M. R. Skilton, J. A. Harmer, and D. S. Celermajer Effects of raloxifene on endothelium-dependent dilation, lipoproteins, and markers of vascular function in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 20, 2003; 42(4): 698 - 704. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. Jennings New definitions in cardiovascular risk management: is it time for angiotensin II receptor blockers to become first-line medication? Eur. Heart J. Suppl., August 1, 2003; 5(suppl_F): F3 - F11. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Kirima, K. Tsuchiya, H. Sei, T. Hasegawa, M. Shikishima, Y. Motobayashi, K. Morita, M. Yoshizumi, and T. Tamaki Evaluation of systemic blood NO dynamics by EPR spectroscopy: HbNO as an endogenous index of NO Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 11, 2003; 285(2): H589 - H596. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. S. Celermajer Statins, skin, and the search for a test of endothelial function J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 2, 2003; 42(1): 78 - 80. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M.E. Bertrand and J.-P. Bassand New evidence for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in stroke, cardiac and renal patients: the cardiological approach Eur. Heart J. Suppl., July 1, 2003; 5(suppl_E): E1 - E3. [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Hambrecht, V. Adams, S. Erbs, A. Linke, N. Krankel, Y. Shu, Y. Baither, S. Gielen, H. Thiele, J.F. Gummert, et al. Regular Physical Activity Improves Endothelial Function in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease by Increasing Phosphorylation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Circulation, July 1, 2003; 107(25): 3152 - 3158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. V. Targonski, P. O. Bonetti, G. M. Pumper, S. T. Higano, D. R. Holmes Jr, and A. Lerman Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Cerebrovascular Events Circulation, June 10, 2003; 107(22): 2805 - 2809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. M. Singh and J. L. Mehta Interactions Between the Renin-Angiotensin System and Dyslipidemia: Relevance in the Therapy of Hypertension and Coronary Heart Disease Arch Intern Med, June 9, 2003; 163(11): 1296 - 1304. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Tezcan, D. Yavuz, A. Toprak, I. Akpmar, M. Koc, O. Deyneli, and S. Akalm Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on endothelial function and insulin sensitivity in hypertensive patients Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, June 1, 2003; 4(2): 119 - 123. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. Fernandez-Varo, J. Ros, M. Morales-Ruiz, P. Cejudo-Martin, V. Arroyo, M. Sole, F. Rivera, J. Rodes, and W. Jimenez Nitric Oxide Synthase 3-Dependent Vascular Remodeling and Circulatory Dysfunction in Cirrhosis Am. J. Pathol., June 1, 2003; 162(6): 1985 - 1993. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Ghiadoni, A. Magagna, D. Versari, I. Kardasz, Y. Huang, S. Taddei, and A. Salvetti Different Effect of Antihypertensive Drugs on Conduit Artery Endothelial Function Hypertension, June 1, 2003; 41(6): 1281 - 1286. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Itoh, J. Kajikuri, T. Tada, Y. Suzuki, and Y. Mabuchi Angiotensin II-induced modulation of endothelium-dependent relaxation in rabbit mesenteric resistance arteries J. Physiol., May 1, 2003; 548(3): 893 - 906. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. Hornig, C. Kohler, D. Schlink, H. Tatge, and H. Drexler AT1-Receptor Antagonism Improves Endothelial Function in Coronary Artery Disease by a Bradykinin/B2-Receptor-Dependent Mechanism Hypertension, May 1, 2003; 41(5): 1092 - 1095. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Matsumoto, K. Minai, H. Horie, N. Ohira, H. Takashima, Y. Tarutani, Y. o Yasuda, T. Ozawa, S. Matsuo, M. Kinoshita, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition but not angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonism augments coronary release of tissue plasminogen activator in hypertensive patients J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 16, 2003; 41(8): 1373 - 1379. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Weis and J. P. Cooke Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy and Dysregulation of the NO Synthase Pathway Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2003; 23(4): 567 - 575. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Z S Nedeljkovic, N Gokce, and J Loscalzo Mechanisms of oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction Postgrad. Med. J., April 1, 2003; 79(930): 195 - 200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. H. Schindler, B. Hornig, P. T. Buser, M. Olschewski, N. Magosaki, M. Pfisterer, E. U. Nitzsche, U. Solzbach, and H. Just Prognostic Value of Abnormal Vasoreactivity of Epicardial Coronary Arteries to Sympathetic Stimulation in Patients With Normal Coronary Angiograms Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 2003; 23(3): 495 - 501. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
V. S. Monroe, R. A. Kerensky, E. Rivera, K. M. Smith, and C. J. Pepine Pharmacologic plaque passivation for the reduction of recurrent cardiac events in acute coronary syndromes J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 19, 2003; 41(4_Suppl_S): 23S - 30S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. J. Anderson, J. Hubacek, D. G. Wyse, and M. L. Knudtson Effect of chelation therapy on endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease: PATCH substudy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 5, 2003; 41(3): 420 - 425. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. O. Bonetti, L. O. Lerman, and A. Lerman Endothelial Dysfunction: A Marker of Atherosclerotic Risk Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2003; 23(2): 168 - 175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. G. F. Bronzwaer, C. Heymes, C. A. Visser, and W. J. Paulus Myocardial fibrosis blunts nitric oxide synthase-related preload reserve in human dilated cardiomyopathy Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2003; 284(1): H10 - H16. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Staniloae, A. J. Schwab, A. Simard, R. Gallo, I. Dyrda, G. Gosselin, J. Lesperance, J. W. Ryan, and J. Dupuis In vivo measurement of coronary circulation angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in humans Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2003; 284(1): H17 - H22. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Yan, D. Kim, T. Aizawa, and B. C. Berk Functional Interplay Between Angiotensin II and Nitric Oxide: Cyclic GMP as a Key Mediator Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2003; 23(1): 26 - 36. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
U. Landmesser and H. Drexler Oxidative stress, the renin-angiotensin system, and atherosclerosis Eur. Heart J. Suppl., January 1, 2003; 5(suppl_A): A3 - A7. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Werner and G. Nickenig AT1 receptors in atherosclerosis: biological effects including growth, angiogenesis, and apoptosis Eur. Heart J. Suppl., January 1, 2003; 5(suppl_A): A9 - A13. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Enseleit, T.F. Luscher, and F. Ruschitzka Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and endothelial dysfunction: focus on ramipril Eur. Heart J. Suppl., January 1, 2003; 5(suppl_A): A31 - A36. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Murphey, D. Vaughan, and N. Brown Contribution of bradykinin to the cardioprotective effects of ACE inhibitors Eur. Heart J. Suppl., January 1, 2003; 5(suppl_A): A37 - A41. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Lonn, H.C. Gerstein, M. Smieja, J.F.E. Mann, and S. Yusuf Mechanisms of cardiovascular risk reduction with ramipril: insights from HOPE and HOPE substudies Eur. Heart J. Suppl., January 1, 2003; 5(suppl_A): A43 - A48. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
V. Schachinger and A. M. Zeiher Atherogenesis--recent insights into basic mechanisms and their clinical impact Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., December 1, 2002; 17(12): 2055 - 2064. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C-K Wong and H D White Relation between blood pressure after an acute coronary event and subsequent cardiovascular risk Heart, December 1, 2002; 88(6): 555 - 558. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. M. Fernandez-Real, G. Penarroja, A. Castro, F. Garcia-Bragado, A. Lopez-Bermejo, and W. Ricart Blood Letting in High-Ferritin Type 2 Diabetes: Effects on vascular reactivity Diabetes Care, December 1, 2002; 25(12): 2249 - 2255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. G. Hugenholtz Greek technology or mythology? Eur. Heart J., November 1, 2002; 23(21): 1639 - 1639. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Mcdougall and M. Fisher Prevention of diabetes in cardiovascular studies: implications for the aetiology of type 2 diabetes The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, September 1, 2002; 2(5): 384 - 389. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Maddison Prevention of vascular damage in scleroderma with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition Rheumatology, September 1, 2002; 41(9): 965 - 971. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. G.F Bronzwaer, C. Zeitz, C. A Visser, and W. J Paulus Endomyocardial nitric oxide synthase and the hemodynamic phenotypes of human dilated cardiomyopathy and of athlete's heart Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 2002; 55(2): 270 - 278. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Iraculis, A. Cequier, J. A. Gomez-Hospital, M. Sabate, J. Mauri, E. Fernandez-Nofrerias, B. Garcia del Blanco, F. Jara, and E. Esplugas Early dysfunction and long-term improvement in endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the infarct-related artery after thrombolysis J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 17, 2002; 40(2): 257 - 265. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. A. Mangiafico, L. S. Malatino, T. Attina, R. Messina, and C. E. Fiore Exaggerated Endothelin Release in Response to Acute Mental Stress in Patients with Intermittent Claudication Angiology, July 1, 2002; 53(4): 383 - 390. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
|
Circulation Home | Subscriptions | Archives | Feedback | Authors | Help | AHA Journals Home | Search Copyright © 1996 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. Unauthorized use prohibited. |