(Circulation. 1997;95:1441-1448.)
© 1997 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Relationship Between Spectral Components of Cardiovascular Variabilities and Direct Measures of Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Humans
From Centro Ricerche Cardiovascolari, CNR, Medicina Interna II, Ospedale L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Italy, and Cardiovascular Division (F.M.A., C.B., V.K.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City.
Correspondence to Massimo Pagani, MD, Istituto di Scienze Biomediche, Universitá di Milano, Ospedale L. Sacco, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy.
Background Spectral analysis of RR interval and systolic arterial pressure variabilities may provide indirect markers of the balance between sympathetic and vagal cardiovascular control.
Methods and Results We examined the relationship between power spectral measurements of variabilities in RR interval, systolic arterial pressure, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) obtained by microneurography over a range of blood pressures. In eight healthy human volunteers, MSNA, RR interval, intra-arterial pressure, and respiration were measured during blood pressure reductions induced by nitroprusside and during blood pressure increases induced by phenylephrine. Both low-frequency (LF; 0.10±0.01 Hz) and high-frequency (HF; 0.23±0.01 Hz) components were detected in MSNA variability. Increasing levels of MSNA were associated with a shift of the spectral power toward its LF component. Decreasing levels of MSNA were associated with a shift of MSNA spectral power toward the HF component. Over the range of pressure changes, the LF component of MSNA variability was positively and tightly correlated with LF components of RR interval (in normalized units; P<10-6) and of systolic arterial pressure variability (both in millimeters of mercury squared and normalized units; P<5x10-5 and P<5x10-6, respectively). The HF component of MSNA variability was positively and tightly correlated with the HF component (in normalized units) of RR-interval variability (P<3x10-4) and of systolic arterial pressure variability (P<.01).
Conclusions During sympathetic activation in normal humans, there is a predominance in the LF oscillation of blood pressure, RR interval, and sympathetic nerve activity. During sympathetic inhibition, the HF component of cardiovascular variability predominates. This relationship is best seen when power spectral components are normalized for total power. Synchronous changes in the LF and HF rhythms of both RR interval and MSNA during different levels of sympathetic drive are suggestive of common central mechanisms governing both parasympathetic and sympathetic cardiovascular modulation.
Key Words: nervous system, autonomic • heart rate • blood pressure • vagus nerve
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M. P. Tulppo, A. J. Hautala, T. H. Makikallio, R. T. Laukkanen, S. Nissila, R. L. Hughson, and H. V. Huikuri Effects of aerobic training on heart rate dynamics in sedentary subjects J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2003; 95(1): 364 - 372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Lucini, G. S. Mela, A. Malliani, and M. Pagani Impairment in Cardiac Autonomic Regulation Preceding Arterial Hypertension in Humans: Insights From Spectral Analysis of Beat-by-Beat Cardiovascular Variability Circulation, November 19, 2002; 106(21): 2673 - 2679. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Zhang, K. Iwasaki, J. H Zuckerman, K. Behbehani, C. G Crandall, and B. D Levine Mechanism of blood pressure and R-R variability: insights from ganglion blockade in humans J. Physiol., August 15, 2002; 543(1): 337 - 348. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. A Cohen and J A. Taylor Short-term cardiovascular oscillations in man: measuring and modelling the physiologies J. Physiol., August 1, 2002; 542(3): 669 - 683. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Iellamo, J. M. Legramante, F. Pigozzi, A. Spataro, G. Norbiato, D. Lucini, and M. Pagani Conversion From Vagal to Sympathetic Predominance With Strenuous Training in High-Performance World Class Athletes Circulation, June 11, 2002; 105(23): 2719 - 2724. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. L. Jardine, C. J. Charles, I. C. Melton, C. N. May, M. D. Forrester, C. M. Frampton, S. I. Bennett, and H. Ikram Continual recordings of cardiac sympathetic nerve activity in conscious sheep Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2002; 282(1): H93 - H99. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Lucini, G. Norbiato, M. Clerici, and M. Pagani Hemodynamic and Autonomic Adjustments to Real Life Stress Conditions in Humans Hypertension, January 1, 2002; 39(1): 184 - 188. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. W. Wray, K. J. Formes, M. S. Weiss, A. H. O-Yurvati, P. B. Raven, R. Zhang, and X. Shi Vagal cardiac function and arterial blood pressure stability Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2001; 281(5): H1870 - H1880. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. van de Borne, J. Neubauer, M. Rahnama, J.-L. Jansens, N. Montano, A. Porta, V. K. Somers, and J. P. Degaute Differential Characteristics of Neural Circulatory Control: Early Versus Late After Cardiac Transplantation Circulation, October 9, 2001; 104(15): 1809 - 1813. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Schachinger, M. Weinbacher, A. Kiss, R. Ritz, and W. Langewitz Cardiovascular Indices of Peripheral and Central Sympathetic Activation Psychosom Med, September 1, 2001; 63(5): 788 - 796. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. S. Floras, G. C. Butler, S.-I. Ando, S. C. Brooks, M. J. Pollard, and P. Picton Differential sympathetic nerve and heart rate spectral effects of nonhypotensive lower body negative pressure Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, August 1, 2001; 281(2): R468 - R475. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. van de Borne, M. Rahnama, S. Mezzetti, N. Montano, A. Porta, J. P. Degaute, and V. K. Somers Contrasting effects of phentolamine and nitroprusside on neural and cardiovascular variability Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2001; 281(2): H559 - H565. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Yasuma and J.-I. Hayano Augmentation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in response to progressive hypercapnia in conscious dogs Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2001; 280(5): H2336 - H2341. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. A. Nelesen, H. Yu, M. G. Ziegler, P. J. Mills, J. L. Clausen, and J. E. Dimsdale Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Normalizes Cardiac Autonomic and Hemodynamic Responses to a Laboratory Stressor in Apneic Patients Chest, April 1, 2001; 119(4): 1092 - 1101. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T H Haapaniemi, V Pursiainen, J T Korpelainen, H V Huikuri, K A Sotaniemi, and V V Myllyla Ambulatory ECG and analysis of heart rate variability in Parkinson's disease J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, March 1, 2001; 70(3): 305 - 310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Bergholm, J. Westerbacka, S. Vehkavaara, A. Seppälä-Lindroos, T. Goto, and H. Yki-Järvinen Insulin Sensitivity Regulates Autonomic Control of Heart Rate Variation Independent of Body Weight in Normal Subjects J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2001; 86(3): 1403 - 1409. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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L. Mangin, A. Monti, C. Medigue, I. Macquin-Mavier, M.-E. Lopes, P. Gueret, A. Castaigne, B. Swynghedauw, and P. Mansier Altered baroreflex gain during voluntary breathing in chronic heart failure Eur J Heart Fail, March 1, 2001; 3(2): 189 - 195. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Malfatto, G. Branzi, S. Gritti, L. Sala, R. Bragato, G. B. Perego, G. Leonetti, and M. Facchini Different baseline sympathovagal balance and cardiac autonomic responsiveness in ischemic and non-ischemic congestive heart failure Eur J Heart Fail, March 1, 2001; 3(2): 197 - 202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. M. Pikkujamsa, T. H. Makikallio, K. E. J. Airaksinen, and H. V. Huikuri Determinants and interindividual variation of R-R interval dynamics in healthy middle-aged subjects Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2001; 280(3): H1400 - H1406. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Cevese, G. Gulli, E. Polati, L. Gottin, and R. Grasso Baroreflex and oscillation of heart period at 0.1 Hz studied by {alpha}-blockade and cross-spectral analysis in healthy humans J. Physiol., February 15, 2001; 531(1): 235 - 244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Van De Borne, N. Montano, K. Narkiewicz, J. P. Degaute, A. Malliani, M. Pagani, and V. K. Somers Importance of ventilation in modulating interaction between sympathetic drive and cardiovascular variability Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2001; 280(2): H722 - H729. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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V. Crasset, S. Mezzetti, M. Antoine, P. Linkowski, J. P. Degaute, and P. van de Borne Effects of Aging and Cardiac Denervation on Heart Rate Variability During Sleep Circulation, January 2, 2001; 103(1): 84 - 88. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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