From the Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University,
Richmond (R.M.S., P.F.S.), and Michigan State University, East Lansing
(M.M.G.).
Correspondence to Richard M. Schieken, MD, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980026, 1200 E Broad St, Room 5–112, Richmond, VA 23298-0026. E-mail schieken{at}gems.vcu.edu
Background—Increased left
ventricular (LV) mass is a predictor of
cardiovascular disease in adults. The mechanism(s) for
these observations are not fully understood.
Methods and Results—We repeatedly studied a biracial sample of
children from ages 11 through 17 years. At visits 1 through 5, height,
weight, and pubertal stage were determined. Blood pressure and heart
rate were measured. M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiograms were
performed with a 3.5-MHz transducer with the subject in the supine
position. LV mass was calculated. Repeated-measures analysis
using a mixed modeling approach was performed for LV mass. At all ages,
boys had greater LV mass than girls. For the population as a whole, we
found significant tracking correlations for LV mass between each
interval of measurement and throughout the entire period of
examination. The tracking correlation for the entire sample from visit
1 through visit 5 was r=.41. The LV mass in white
children tracked from the youngest to the oldest. Black children
tracked similarly from ages 1 to 15 years, but tracking was not
significant across the widest interval, visit 1 through visit 5. Racial
differences were found in the interactions of systolic blood
pressure and heart rate, which magnified the differences in LV mass.
During adolescence, LV mass tracks significantly in both black and
white children.
Conclusions—Interactive effects such as weight, blood pressure,
and heart rate magnify sex and race differences in LV mass.
© 1998 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports
Tracking of Left Ventricular Mass in Children: Race and Sex Comparisons
The MCV Twin Study
Key Words: mass, left ventricular • race • sex
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