Published Online
on April 9, 2007

A more recent version of this article appeared on April 24, 2007

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Submitted on September 20, 2006
Accepted on February 1, 2007

Adherence to Statin Therapy Under Drug Cost Sharing in Patients With and Without Acute Myocardial Infarction. A Population-Based Natural Experiment

Sebastian Schneeweiss MD, ScD^*, Amanda R. Patrick MS, Malcolm Maclure ScD, Colin R. Dormuth ScD, and Robert J. Glynn PhD, ScD

From the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine (S.S., A.R.P., C.R.D., R.J.G.) and Division of Preventive Medicine (R.J.G.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Epidemiology (S.S., M.M.) and Department of Biostatistics (R.J.G.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass; and Department of Health Information Sciences (M.M.), University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: schneeweiss{at}post.harvard.edu.

Background--As medication spending grows, Medicare Part D will need to adapt its coverage policies according to emerging evidence from a variety of insurance policies. We sought to evaluate the consequences of copayment and coinsurance policies on the initiation of statin therapy after acute myocardial infarction and adherence to therapy in statin initiators using a natural experiment of all British Columbia residents aged 66 years and older.

Methods and Results--Three consecutive cohorts that included all patients who began statin therapy during full drug coverage (2001), coverage with a $10 or $25 copay (2002), and coverage with a 25% coinsurance benefit (2003-2004) were followed up with linked healthcare utilization data (n=51 561). Follow-up of cohorts was 9 months after each policy change. Adherence to statin therapy was defined as 80% of days covered. Relative to full-coverage policies, adherence to new statin therapy was significantly reduced, from 55.8% to 50.5%, under a fixed copayment policy (-5.4% points; 95% CI, -6.4% to -4.4%) and the subsequent coinsurance policy (-5.4% points; 95% CI, -6.3% to -4.4%). An uninterrupted increase in the proportion of patients initiating statin therapy after an acute myocardial infarction (1.7% points per quarter) was observed over the study period, similar to a Pennsylvania control population with full coverage. Sudden changes to full out-of-pocket spending, similar to Medicare’s Part D "doughnut hole," almost doubled the risk of stopping statins (adjusted odds ratio, 1.94, 95% CI, 1.82 to 2.08).

Conclusions--Fixed patient copayment and coinsurance policies have negative effects on adherence to statin lipid-lowering drug therapy but not on their initiation after myocardial infarction.

Key words: statins • health care costs • drugs • economics, pharmaceutical

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