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(Circulation. 2007;116:2513.)
© 2007 American Heart Association, Inc.

Issue Highlights

An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract.

	IMPROVED NEUROLOGICAL OUTCOME WITH CONTINUOUS CHEST COMPRESSIONS COMPARED WITH 30:2 COMPRESSIONS-TO-VENTILATIONS CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION IN A REALISTIC SWINE MODEL OF OUT-OF-HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST, by Ewy et al.

 
Standard bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation calls for 2 rapid breaths after 30 chest compressions. Although ventilation is administered rapidly, the potentially adverse effect of interrupting chest compressions is unavoidable. Studies in animal models supported the AHA Guideline recommendation, adopted in 2005, to decrease ventilations from every 15 compressions to every 30 compressions, but the optimal ratio has yet to be established. Ewy et al employed a swine model to compare outcomes after cardiac arrest treated with continuous chest compressions without interposed ventilation to arrest treated with the standard 30:2 chest compressions to ventilation before defibrillation. Continuous, uninterrupted chest compressions increased the number of animals surviving 24 hours with normal neurological function as compared to the standard 30:2 algorithm. The findings support the importance of chest compressions, even without administration of ventilation for bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This realization should help foster adoption of bystander resuscitation when administration of ventilation is a deterrent to the bystander. Further work is warranted to define the appropriate role of ventilation during resuscitation. See p 2525.

	INCREASED MORTALITY, POSTOPERATIVE MORBIDITY, AND COST AFTER RED BLOOD CELL TRANSFUSION IN PATIENTS HAVING CARDIAC SURGERY, by Murphy et al.

 
In this issue of Circulation, Murphy et al analyze the association between red blood cell transfusion and outcomes in a large group of patients having cardiac surgery. The main findings of this study were as follows: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion was strongly associated with infection; RBC transfusion was strongly associated with a composite ischemic outcome; transfusion was associated with early complications and was not dependent upon lowest postoperative hematocrit, and transfusion-related morbidity resulted in longer hospital stays and . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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