(Circulation. 1995;92:1680-1692.)
© 1995 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Clinical Spectrum and Treatment
From the Divisions of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, the Toronto Hospital, General Division, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Key Words: cardiomyopathy • cardiovascular diseases • myocardium • physiology • ventricles
 |
Introduction |
|---|
Although the pathology of HCM was described by two French pathologists in the mid 19th century1 2 and by a German pathologist in the early 20th century,3 it remained for the virtually simultaneous reports of Brock4 and Teare,5 some 37 years ago, to bring modern attention to this fascinating entity. Subsequent to these surgical4 and pathological5 observations, there has been an almost exponential growth in the number of research reports and in our knowledge of HCM, and a number of extensive reviews have been published.6 7 8 9 10 11 The growth in our knowledge of HCM parallels the development of various investigative techniques available to cardiology. Thus, the 1960s and 1970s were the clinical,12 13 14 15 16 hemodynamic,17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 and angiographic30 31 32 33 era that focused mainly on obstructive HCM. The 1970s through the 1990s saw the various imaging modalities (echo-Doppler,34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 nuclear,49 50 51 52 53 54 magnetic resonance,55 56 57 58 and positron emission tomography59 60 ) enhance our understanding of the systolic and diastolic abnormalities as well as the significance of myocardial ischemia in HCM. At the same time, electrophysiological techniques defined the spectrum of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias that are such an important feature of this disease.61 62 63 64 65
More recently, the results of molecular genetic studies have resulted
in a quantum leap in our basic knowledge and understanding of the
mendelian dominant inheritance of HCM and have far-reaching
prognostic and clinical
implications.66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
HCM is now
described as a heterogeneous disease of the
sarcomere,77 78 in that at least 34 missense
mutations
have been described in the ß-myosin heavy chain gene
(chromosome
14q11-q12),66 67 68 69 70 71 72 75 76
7 mutations have
been described in cardiac
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  L.K. Williams, M.P. Frenneaux, and R.P. Steeds Echocardiography in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy diagnosis, prognosis, and role in management Eur J Echocardiogr, December 1, 2009; 10(8): iii9 - iii14. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B R Anderson and V L Vetter Return to play? Practical considerations for young athletes with cardiovascular disease Br. J. Sports Med., September 1, 2009; 43(9): 690 - 695. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. S. Maron, I. Olivotto, B. J. Maron, S. K. Prasad, F. Cecchi, J. E. Udelson, and P. G. Camici The case for myocardial ischemia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 25, 2009; 54(9): 866 - 875. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Unno, S. Isobe, H. Izawa, X. W. Cheng, M. Kobayashi, A. Hirashiki, T. Yamada, K. Harada, S. Ohshima, A. Noda, et al. Relation of functional and morphological changes in mitochondria to myocardial contractile and relaxation reserves in asymptomatic to mildly symptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Eur. Heart J., August 1, 2009; 30(15): 1853 - 1862. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. J. Maron, M. S. Maron, E. D. Wigle, and E. Braunwald The 50-year history, controversy, and clinical implications of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: from idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 14, 2009; 54(3): 191 - 200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Maron, B. J. Maron, C. Harrigan, J. Buros, C. M. Gibson, I. Olivotto, L. Biller, J. R. Lesser, J. E. Udelson, W. J. Manning, et al. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype revisited after 50 years with cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 14, 2009; 54(3): 220 - 228. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J. McLeod, M. J. Ackerman, R. A. Nishimura, A. J. Tajik, B. J. Gersh, and S. R. Ommen Outcome of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a normal electrocardiogram. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 14, 2009; 54(3): 229 - 233. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I A Paraskevaidis, F Panou, C Papadopoulos, D Farmakis, J Parissis, I Ikonomidis, A Rigopoulos, E K Iliodromitis, and D Th Kremastinos Evaluation of left atrial longitudinal function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a tissue Doppler imaging and two-dimensional strain study Heart, March 15, 2009; 95(6): 483 - 489. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B B Siswanto and R Aryani Recent advances in diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Heart Asia, March 1, 2009; 2009(3): 1 - 4. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. M. Hess, W. McKenna, and H.-P. Schultheiss CHAPTER 18 Myocardial Disease ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, January 1, 2009; 2(1): med-9780199566990-chapter - med-9780199566990-chapter. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. C. Afonso, J. Bernal, J. J. Bax, and T. P. Abraham Echocardiography in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the role of conventional and emerging technologies. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Img., November 1, 2008; 1(6): 787 - 800. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Ganame, R. H. Pignatelli, B. W. Eidem, P. Claus, J. D'hooge, C. J. McMahon, G. Buyse, J. A. Towbin, N. A. Ayres, and L. Mertens Myocardial deformation abnormalities in paediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: are all aetiologies identical? Eur J Echocardiogr, November 1, 2008; 9(6): 784 - 790. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. S. Maron, J. J. Finley, J. M. Bos, T. H. Hauser, W. J. Manning, T. S. Haas, J. R. Lesser, J. E. Udelson, M. J. Ackerman, and B. J. Maron Prevalence, Clinical Significance, and Natural History of Left Ventricular Apical Aneurysms in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Circulation, October 7, 2008; 118(15): 1541 - 1549. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. L. Fernandes, C. Nielsen, S. F. Nagueh, A. E. Herrin, C. Slifka, J. Franklin, and W. H. Spencer III Follow-Up of Alcohol Septal Ablation for Symptomatic Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: The Baylor and Medical University of South Carolina Experience 1996 to 2007 J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Intv., October 1, 2008; 1(5): 561 - 570. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T S Kato, H Izawa, K Komamura, A Noda, H Asano, K Nagata, S Hashimoto, N Oda, C Kamiya, H Kanzaki, et al. Heterogeneity of regional systolic function detected by tissue Doppler imaging is linked to impaired global left ventricular relaxation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Heart, October 1, 2008; 94(10): 1302 - 1306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. S. Maron, E. Appelbaum, C. J. Harrigan, J. Buros, C. M. Gibson, C. Hanna, J. R. Lesser, J. E. Udelson, W. J. Manning, and B. J. Maron Clinical Profile and Significance of Delayed Enhancement in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Circ Heart Fail, September 1, 2008; 1(3): 184 - 191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Rakowski and S. Carasso Quantifying Diastolic Function in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: The Ongoing Search for the Holy Grail Circulation, December 4, 2007; 116(23): 2662 - 2665. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. W. ElBardissi, J. A. Dearani, R. A. Nishimura, S. R. Ommen, J. M. Stulak, and H. V. Schaff Septal Myectomy After Previous Septal Artery Ablation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Mayo Clin. Proc., December 1, 2007; 82(12): 1516 - 1522. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Ker Solitary Papillary Muscle Hypertrophy: A New Echo-Electrocardiographic Syndrome? A Case Report Angiology, September 1, 2007; 58(4): 502 - 503. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Nasermoaddeli, K. Miura, A. Matsumori, Y. Soyama, Y. Morikawa, A. Kitabatake, Y. Inaba, and H. Nakagawa Prognosis and prognostic factors in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Japan: results from a nationwide study Heart, June 1, 2007; 93(6): 711 - 715. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Barac, S. Upadya, R. Pilchik, G. Winson, M. Passick, F. A. Chaudhry, and M. V. Sherrid Effect of Obstruction on Longitudinal Left Ventricular Shortening in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 20, 2007; 49(11): 1203 - 1211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Wenxia Chai, Y. M Hoedemaekers, R. H. van Schaik, M. van Fessem, I. M Garrelds, J. J Saris, D. Dooijes, F. J ten Cate, M. M. Kofflard, and A. J. Danser Cardiac aldosterone in subjects with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, December 1, 2006; 7(4): 225 - 230. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A. Nishimura and S. R. Ommen Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: The Search for Obstruction Circulation, November 21, 2006; 114(21): 2200 - 2202. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Maron, I. Olivotto, A. G. Zenovich, M. S. Link, N. G. Pandian, J. T. Kuvin, S. Nistri, F. Cecchi, J. E. Udelson, and B. J. Maron Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Is Predominantly a Disease of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction Circulation, November 21, 2006; 114(21): 2232 - 2239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart, D. P. Zipes, A. J. Camm, M. Borggrefe, A. E. Buxton, B. Chaitman, M. Fromer, G. Gregoratos, G. Klein, A. J. Moss, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death--Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 5, 2006; 48(5): 1064 - 1108. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart, D. P. Zipes, A. J. Camm, M. Borggrefe, A. E. Buxton, B. Chaitman, M. Fromer, G. Gregoratos, G. Klein, A. J. Moss, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 5, 2006; 48(5): e247 - e346. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. P. Zipes, D. P. Zipes, A. J. Camm, M. Borggrefe, A. E. Buxton, B. Chaitman, M. Fromer, G. Gregoratos, G. Klein, A. J. Moss, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death--executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death) Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Eur. Heart J., September 1, 2006; 27(17): 2099 - 2140. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Writing Committee Members, D. P. Zipes, A. J. Camm, M. Borggrefe, A. E. Buxton, B. Chaitman, M. Fromer, G. Gregoratos, G. Klein, A. J. Moss, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death) Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society Europace, September 1, 2006; 8(9): 746 - 837. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Notomi, M. G. Martin-Miklovic, S. J. Oryszak, T. Shiota, D. Deserranno, Z. B. Popovic, M. J. Garcia, N. L. Greenberg, and J. D. Thomas Enhanced Ventricular Untwisting During Exercise: A Mechanistic Manifestation of Elastic Recoil Described by Doppler Tissue Imaging Circulation, May 30, 2006; 113(21): 2524 - 2533. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. M. Yoerger, C. A. Best, B. M. McQuillan, G. E. Supple, J. L. Guererro, J. E. Cluette-Brown, A. Hasaba, M. H. Picard, J. R. Stone, and M. Laposata Rapid Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester Synthesis by Porcine Myocardium Upon Ethanol Infusion into the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery Am. J. Pathol., May 1, 2006; 168(5): 1435 - 1442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Binder, S. R. Ommen, B. J. Gersh, S. L. Van Driest, A. J. Tajik, R. A. Nishimura, and M. J. Ackerman Echocardiography-Guided Genetic Testing in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Septal Morphological Features Predict the Presence of Myofilament Mutations Mayo Clin. Proc., April 1, 2006; 81(4): 459 - 467. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Serri, P. Reant, M. Lafitte, M. Berhouet, V. Le Bouffos, R. Roudaut, and S. Lafitte Global and Regional Myocardial Function Quantification by Two-Dimensional Strain: Application in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 21, 2006; 47(6): 1175 - 1181. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Kido, N. Hasebe, Y. Ishii, and K. Kikuchi Tachycardia-induced myocardial ischemia and diastolic dysfunction potentiate secretion of ANP, not BNP, in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2006; 290(3): H1064 - H1070. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. Ommen, B. J. Maron, I. Olivotto, M. S. Maron, F. Cecchi, S. Betocchi, B. J. Gersh, M. J. Ackerman, R. B. McCully, J. A. Dearani, et al. Long-Term Effects of Surgical Septal Myectomy on Survival in Patients With Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 2, 2005; 46(3): 470 - 476. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Olivotto, M. S. Maron, A. S. Adabag, S. A. Casey, D. Vargiu, M. S. Link, J. E. Udelson, F. Cecchi, and B. J. Maron Gender-Related Differences in the Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 2, 2005; 46(3): 480 - 487. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Amano, S. Kumita, M. Takayama, and T. Kumazaki Comparison of Contrast-Enhanced MRI with Iodine-123 BMIPP for Detection of Myocardial Damage in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Am. J. Roentgenol., August 1, 2005; 185(2): 312 - 318. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Woo, W. G. Williams, R. Choi, E. D. Wigle, E. Rozenblyum, K. Fedwick, S. Siu, A. Ralph-Edwards, and H. Rakowski Clinical and Echocardiographic Determinants of Long-Term Survival After Surgical Myectomy in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Circulation, April 26, 2005; 111(16): 2033 - 2041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. V. Sherrid, I. Barac, W. J. McKenna, P. M. Elliott, S. Dickie, L. Chojnowska, S. Casey, and B. J. Maron Multicenter study of the efficacy and safety of disopyramide in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 19, 2005; 45(8): 1251 - 1258. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. J. Maron, M. J. Ackerman, R. A. Nishimura, R. E. Pyeritz, J. A. Towbin, and J. E. Udelson Task Force 4: HCM and other cardiomyopathies, mitral valve prolapse, myocarditis, and Marfan syndrome J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 19, 2005; 45(8): 1340 - 1345. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Wall, C. A. Calvert, S. L. Sanderson, A. Leonhardt, C. Barker, and T. K. Fallaw Evaluation of Extended-Release Diltiazem Once Daily for Cats With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc., March 1, 2005; 41(2): 98 - 103. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Adabag, S. A. Casey, M. A. Kuskowski, A. G. Zenovich, and B. J. Maron Spectrum and prognostic significance of arrhythmias on ambulatory Holter electrocardiogram in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 1, 2005; 45(5): 697 - 704. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. A. Kaufmann and P. G. Camici Myocardial Blood Flow Measurement by PET: Technical Aspects and Clinical Applications J. Nucl. Med., January 1, 2005; 46(1): 75 - 88. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. S. Kato, A. Noda, H. Izawa, A. Yamada, K. Obata, K. Nagata, M. Iwase, T. Murohara, and M. Yokota Discrimination of Nonobstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy From Hypertensive Left Ventricular Hypertrophy on the Basis of Strain Rate Imaging by Tissue Doppler Ultrasonography Circulation, December 21, 2004; 110(25): 3808 - 3814. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. J. Maron, J. A. Dearani, S. R. Ommen, M. S. Maron, H. V. Schaff, B. J. Gersh, and R. A. Nishimura The case for surgery in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 16, 2004; 44(10): 2044 - 2053. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. M. Hess and U. Sigwart New treatment strategies for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: Alcohol ablation of the septum: the new gold standard? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 16, 2004; 44(10): 2054 - 2055. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Faber, H. Seggewiss, D. Welge, D. Fassbender, H. K. Schmidt, U. Gleichmann, and D. Horstkotte Echo-guided percutaneous septal ablation for symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: 7 years of experience Eur J Echocardiogr, October 1, 2004; 5(5): 347 - 355. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P Charron, E Villard, P Sebillon, P Laforet, T Maisonobe, L Duboscq-Bidot, N Romero, V Drouin-Garraud, T Frebourg, P Richard, et al. Danon's disease as a cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic survey Heart, August 1, 2004; 90(8): 842 - 846. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F H Gietzen, C J Leuner, L Obergassel, C Strunk-Mueller, and H Kuhn Transcoronary ablation of septal hypertrophy for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: feasibility, clinical benefit, and short term results in elderly patients Heart, June 1, 2004; 90(6): 638 - 644. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S A Mohiddin, Z M Ahmed, A J Griffith, D Tripodi, T B Friedman, L Fananapazir, and R J Morell Novel association of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, sensorineural deafness, and a mutation in unconventional myosin VI (MYO6) J. Med. Genet., April 1, 2004; 41(4): 309 - 314. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. J. Maron, V. N. Tholakanahalli, A. G. Zenovich, S. A. Casey, D. Duprez, D. M. Aeppli, and J. N. Cohn Usefulness of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Assay in the Assessment of Symptomatic State in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Circulation, March 2, 2004; 109(8): 984 - 989. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Minakata, J. A. Dearani, R. A. Nishimura, B. J. Maron, and G. K. Danielson Extended septal myectomy for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with anomalous mitral papillary muscles or chordae J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., February 1, 2004; 127(2): 481 - 489. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. G. van Dockum, F. J. ten Cate, J. M. ten Berg, A. M. Beek, J. W. R. Twisk, J. Vos, M. B. M. Hofman, C. A. Visser, and A. C. van Rossum Myocardial infarction after percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: evaluation by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 7, 2004; 43(1): 27 - 34. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Rovner, R. Smith, N. L. Greenberg, E. M. Tuzcu, N. Smedira, H. M. Lever, J. D. Thomas, and M. J. Garcia Improvement in diastolic intraventricular pressure gradients in patients with HOCM after ethanol septal reduction Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2003; 285(6): H2492 - H2499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. J. Maron, W. J. McKenna, G. K. Danielson, L. J. Kappenberger, H. J. Kuhn, C. E. Seidman, P. M. Shah, W. H. Spencer III, P. Spirito, F. J. Ten Cate, et al. American College of Cardiology/European Society of Cardiology Clinical Expert Consensus Document on Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 5, 2003; 42(9): 1687 - 1713. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Writing Committee Members, B. J. Maron, W. J. McKenna, G. K. Danielson, L. J. Kappenberger, H. J. Kuhn, C. E. Seidman, P. M. Shah, W. H. Spencer III, P. Spirito, et al. American College of Cardiology/European Society of Cardiology Clinical Expert Consensus Document on Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines Eur. Heart J., November 1, 2003; 24(21): 1965 - 1991. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Hamada, Y. Shigematsu, K. Ohshima, J. Suzuki, A. Ogimoto, T. Ohtsuka, and Y. Hara Diagnostic Usefulness of Carotid Pulse Tracing in Patients With Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy Due to Midventricular Obstruction: A Comparison With Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis Chest, October 1, 2003; 124(4): 1275 - 1283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. J. Maron, S. A. Casey, R. G. Hauser, and D. M. Aeppli Clinical course of hypertrophiccardiomyopathy with survival to advanced age J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 3, 2003; 42(5): 882 - 888. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B J Maron Contemporary considerations for risk stratification, sudden death and prevention in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Heart, September 1, 2003; 89(9): 977 - 978. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. D Grech Non-coronary percutaneous intervention BMJ, July 10, 2003; 327(7406): 97 - 100. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Izawa, M. Iwase, Y. Takeichi, F. Somura, K. Nagata, T. Nishizawa, A. Noda, T. Murohara, and M. Yokota Effect of Nicorandil on Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Pressure During Exercise in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Eur. Heart J., July 2, 2003; 24(14): 1340 - 1348. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. J. Maron, N. A. M. Estes III, M. S. Maron, A. K. Almquist, M. S. Link, and J. E. Udelson Primary Prevention of Sudden Death as a Novel Treatment Strategy in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Circulation, June 17, 2003; 107(23): 2872 - 2875. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Sipola, E. Vanninen, H. J. Aronen, K. Lauerma, S. Simula, P. Jaaskelainen, M. Laakso, K. Peuhkurinen, J. Kuusisto, and J. T. Kuikka Cardiac Adrenergic Activity Is Associated with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Genetically Homogeneous Subjects with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy J. Nucl. Med., April 1, 2003; 44(4): 487 - 493. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Konno, M. Shimizu, H. Ino, T. Matsuyama, M. Yamaguchi, H. Terai, K. Hayashi, T. Mabuchi, M. Kiyama, K. Sakata, et al. A novel missense mutation in the myosin binding protein-C gene is responsible for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular dysfunction and dilation in elderly patients J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 5, 2003; 41(5): 781 - 786. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. V. Sherrid, F. A. Chaudhry, and D. G. Swistel Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: echocardiography, pathophysiology, and the continuing evolution of surgery for obstruction Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 2003; 75(2): 620 - 632. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. S. Maron, I. Olivotto, S. Betocchi, S. A. Casey, J. R. Lesser, M. A. Losi, F. Cecchi, and B. J. Maron Effect of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction on Clinical Outcome in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy N. Engl. J. Med., January 23, 2003; 348(4): 295 - 303. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Seidman Genetic Causes of Inherited Cardiac Hypertrophy: Robert L. Frye Lecture Mayo Clin. Proc., December 1, 2002; 77(12): 1315 - 1319. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Autore, M. R. Conte, M. Piccininno, P. Bernabo, G. Bonfiglio, P. Bruzzi, and P. Spirito Risk associated with pregnancy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 20, 2002; 40(10): 1864 - 1869. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P Charron, D Heron, M Gargiulo, P Richard, O Dubourg, M Desnos, J-B Bouhour, J Feingold, L Carrier, B Hainque, et al. Genetic testing and genetic counselling in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the French experience J. Med. Genet., October 1, 2002; 39(10): 741 - 746. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Braunwald, C. E. Seidman, and U. Sigwart Contemporary Evaluation and Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Circulation, September 10, 2002; 106(11): 1312 - 1316. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. H. Gietzen, C. J. Leuner, L. Obergassel, C. Strunk-Mueller, and H. Kuhn Role of Transcoronary Ablation of Septal Hypertrophy in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, New York Heart Association Functional Class III or IV, and Outflow Obstruction Only Under Provocable Conditions Circulation, July 23, 2002; 106(4): 454 - 459. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Ciampi, S. Betocchi, R. Lombardi, F. Manganelli, G. Storto, M. A. Losi, E. Pezzella, F. Finizio, A. Cuocolo, and M. Chiariello Hemodynamic determinants of exercise-induced abnormal blood pressure response in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 17, 2002; 40(2): 278 - 284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-J. Hwang, P. D. Allen, G. C. Tseng, C.-W. Lam, L. Fananapazir, V. J. Dzau, and C.-C. Liew Microarray gene expression profiles in dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathic end-stage heart failure Physiol Genomics, July 12, 2002; 10(1): 31 - 44. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. J. Maron Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review JAMA, March 13, 2002; 287(10): 1308 - 1320. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. J. Maron, I. Olivotto, P. Bellone, M. R. Conte, F. Cecchi, B. P. Flygenring, S. A. Casey, T. E. Gohman, S. Bongioanni, and P. Spirito Clinical profile of stroke in 900 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 16, 2002; 39(2): 301 - 307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. MAASS, J.P. KONHILAS, B.L. STAUFFER, and L.A. LEINWAND From Sarcomeric Mutations to Heart Disease: Understanding Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, January 1, 2002; 67(0): 409 - 416. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Xin, T. Shiota, H. M. Lever, S. R. Kapadia, M. Sitges, D. N. Rubin, F. Bauer, N. L. Greenberg, D. A. Agler, J. K. Drinko, et al. Outcome of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy after percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation and septal myectomy surgery J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 2001; 38(7): 1994 - 2000. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E D. Wigle CARDIOMYOPATHY: The diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Heart, December 1, 2001; 86(6): 709 - 714. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. S. Andersen, O. Havndrup, H. Bundgaard, J. C. Moolman-Smook, L. A. Larsen, J. Mogensen, P. A. Brink, A. D. Borglum, V. A. Corfield, K. Kjeldsen, et al. Myosin light chain mutations in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: phenotypic presentation and frequency in Danish and South African populations J. Med. Genet., December 1, 2001; 38 (12): e43 - e43. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Deinum, J. M.G. van Gool, M. J.M. Kofflard, F. J. ten Cate, and A.H. J. Danser Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptors and Cardiac Hypertrophy in Women With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Hypertension, December 1, 2001; 38(6): 1278 - 1281. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. D. Wigle, L. Schwartz, A. Woo, and H. Rakowski To ablate or operate? that is the question! J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 15, 2001; 38(6): 1707 - 1710. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D.-S. Lim, R. Roberts, and A. J. Marian Expression profiling of cardiac genes in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: insight into the pathogenesis of phenotypes J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 1, 2001; 38(4): 1175 - 1180. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 U. Sigwart Non-surgical myocardial reduction for patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy Eur. Heart J. Suppl., October 1, 2001; 3(suppl_L): L38 - L42. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Somura, H. Izawa, M. Iwase, Y. Takeichi, R. Ishiki, T. Nishizawa, A. Noda, K. Nagata, Y. Yamada, and M. Yokota Reduced Myocardial Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase mRNA Expression and Biphasic Force-Frequency Relations in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Circulation, August 7, 2001; 104(6): 658 - 663. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Takeichi, M. Yokota, M. Iwase, H. Izawa, T. Nishizawa, R. Ishiki, F. Somura, K. Nagata, S. Isobe, and A. Noda Biphasic changes in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure during dynamic exercise in patients with nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 1, 2001; 38(2): 335 - 343. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. F. Nagueh, S. J. Stetson, N. M. Lakkis, D. Killip, A. Perez-Verdia, M. L. Entman, W. H. Spencer III, and G. Torre-Amione Decreased Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-{{alpha}} and Regression of Hypertrophy After Nonsurgical Septal Reduction Therapy for Patients With Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy Circulation, April 10, 2001; 103(14): 1844 - 1850. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Mazur, S. F. Nagueh, N. M. Lakkis, K. J. Middleton, D. Killip, R. Roberts, and W. H. Spencer III Regression of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy After Nonsurgical Septal Reduction Therapy for Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy Circulation, March 20, 2001; 103(11): 1492 - 1496. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Kamisago, S. D. Sharma, S. R. DePalma, S. Solomon, P. Sharma, B. McDonough, L. Smoot, M. P. Mullen, P. K. Woolf, E. D. Wigle, et al. Mutations in Sarcomere Protein Genes as a Cause of Dilated Cardiomyopathy N. Engl. J. Med., December 7, 2000; 343(23): 1688 - 1696. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B.J. Maron Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and sudden death: new perspectives on risk stratification and prevention with the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator Eur. Heart J., December 2, 2000; 21(24): 1979 - 1983. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. H. C. Yu, A. S. Omran, E. D. Wigle, W. G. Williams, S. C. Siu, and H. Rakowski Mitral regurgitation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: relationship to obstruction and relief with myectomy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 2000; 36(7): 2219 - 2225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. V. Sherrid, D. Z. Gunsburg, S. Moldenhauer, and G. Pearle Systolic anterior motion begins at low left ventricular outflow tract velocity in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 1, 2000; 36(4): 1344 - 1354. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. J. Maron, I. Olivotto, P. Spirito, S. A. Casey, P. Bellone, T. E. Gohman, K. J. Graham, D. A. Burton, and F. Cecchi Epidemiology of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-Related Death : Revisited in a Large Non-Referral-Based Patient Population Circulation, August 22, 2000; 102(8): 858 - 864. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. H. Spencer III and R. Roberts Alcohol Septal Ablation in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy : The Need for a Registry Circulation, August 8, 2000; 102(6): 600 - 601. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Spirito, P. Bellone, K. M. Harris, P. Bernabo, P. Bruzzi, and B. J. Maron Magnitude of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Risk of Sudden Death in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy N. Engl. J. Med., June 15, 2000; 342(24): 1778 - 1785. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-T. Li, C. J. Tack, L. Fananapazir, and D. S. Goldstein Myocardial perfusion and sympathetic innervation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 1, 2000; 35(7): 1867 - 1873. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|