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(Circulation. 1996;94:2046-2051.)
© 1996 American Heart Association, Inc.

Articles

Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer as an In Vivo Probe of Lipoprotein Metabolism

Jeffrey M. Leiden, MD, PhD

the Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Chicago (Ill).

Correspondence to Jeffrey M. Leiden, MD, PhD, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637.

Key Words: Editorials • genes • lipoproteins • cholesterol

	Introduction

 
Numerous epidemiological studies over the past 20 years have taught us that there is a strong inverse correlation between the levels of serum HDL-C and the subsequent risk of atherosclerotic heart disease.^{1 2 3} However, despite a great deal of recent progress in understanding the biochemistry and genetics of HDL metabolism, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the apparent antiatherogenic effects of HDL remain unclear.⁴ The HDLs are heterogeneous, small (70 to 100 Å) lipid-protein particles composed of a core of CE (with a small amount of TG) surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer containing a variety of lipoproteins and UC (Fig 1).⁴ Apo A-I and apo A-II are the major protein components of HDL, constituting 70% and 20%, respectively, of the HDL protein. Some HDL particles contain only apo A-I, whereas others contain both apo A-1 and apo A-II. As described below, recent data suggest that these two classes of HDL particles may differ significantly in their antiatherogenic potential.^{5 6} HDL particles contain, in addition to apo A-I and apo A-II, smaller amounts of apo A-IV, apo E, apo C, and apo D. HDL can also associate with two important lipid transfer proteins: LCAT, which catalyzes the formation of CE and lysolecithin from UC and lecithin (phosphatidyl choline), and CETP, which promotes the transfer of CEs from HDL to LDL and VLDL in exchange for TG. In addition, HDL particles undergo modification of their core lipid composition after interaction with hepatic lipase.

View larger version (18K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Schematic of the structure of a mature HDL . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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